Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Michael A. Jacobs, Katarzyna J. Macura, Atif Zaheer, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Vered Stearns, Antonio C. Wolff, Thorsten Feiweier, Ihab R. Kamel, Richard L. Wahl, Li Pan
Rationale and ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the use of multiparametric, whole-body, diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps with T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T for the detection and monitoring of metastatic disease in patients.Materials and MethodsFifty-four participants (32 healthy subjects and 22 patients) were scanned with WB-DWI methods using a 3T MRI scanner. Axial, sagittal, or coronal fat-suppressed T2-weighted (T2WI), T1-weighted (T1WI), and DWI images were acquired. Total MRI acquisition and set-up time was approximately 45 minutes. Metastatic disease on MRI was confirmed based on T2WI characteristics. The number of lesions was established on computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography (PET-CT). Whole-body ADC maps and T2WI were constructed, and region-of-interests were drawn in normal and abnormal-appearing tissue for quantitative analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t tests and P < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThere were 91 metastatic lesions detected from the CT or PET-CT with a missed recurrent lesion in the prostate. Multiparametric WB-MRI had excellent sensitivity (96%) for detection of metastatic lesions compared to CT. ADC map values and the ADC ratio in metastatic bone lesions were significantly increased (P < .05) compared to normal bone. In soft tissue, ADC map values and ratios in metastatic lesions were decreased compared to normal soft tissue.ConclusionWe have demonstrated that multiparametric WB-MRI is feasible for oncologic staging to identify bony and visceral metastasis in breast, prostate, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. WB-MRI can be tailored to fit the patient, such that an "individualized patient sequence" can be developed for a comprehensive evaluation for staging and response during treatment.
https://ift.tt/2GVnTGk
Τετάρτη 4 Απριλίου 2018
Multiparametric Whole-body MRI with Diffusion-weighted Imaging and ADC Mapping for the Identification of Visceral and Osseous Metastases From Solid Tumors
Biological function of UCA1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance: Investigation with in vitro and meta-analysis
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Li-ting Qin, Rui-xue Tang, Peng Lin, Qing Li, Hong Yang, Dian-zhong Luo, Gang Chen, Yun He, Ping Li
Urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and cell lines, and the expression of UCA1 was associated with several clinical features and malignant behaviours in HCC. However, none of these findings completely interpreted the role of UCA1 in HCC. We conducted this investigation to validate the expression of UCA1 and its relationship with Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage in 41 HCC tissues and their paired noncancerous adjacent tissues by real-time qPCR. Furthermore, we also explored the biological functions of UCA1 in vitro with HCC cell lines. Most importantly, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis and bioinformatics investigation based on peer-reviewed literature and in silico approaches to further summarise the clinical value and functions of UCA1 in HCC. UCA1 expression was remarkably upregulated in HCC tissues, and its expression was profoundly higher in advanced stages than in early stages. Reducing the expression levels of UCA1 suppressed the proliferation and induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Furthermore, the present meta-analysis validated that up-regulated UCA1 was closely related to larger tumour size and advanced TNM stages, and the overexpression of UCA1 was significantly correlated with a shorter OS. Additionally, according to GO analysis, the target genes were found concentrated in the following biological processes: extracellular matrix organisation, cilium assembly and cilium morphogenesis. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the UCA1-related genes were significantly enriched in the following pathways: hippo signalling pathway, bile secretion and gastric acid secretion. This evidence hinted that UCA1 could play an indispensable proliferation-related key role in HCC via the hippo signalling pathway. However, the exact molecular mechanism needs to be verified with future functional experiments.
https://ift.tt/2GvU8N0
The Devil's in the g-Tails: Deficient Letter-Shape Knowledge and Awareness Despite Massive Visual Experience.
https://ift.tt/2uOOiRp
Overt Attention in Contextual Cuing of Visual Search is Driven by the Attentional Set, but Not by the Predictiveness of Distractors.
https://ift.tt/2Gx5LDj
Learning Nonadjacent Dependencies Embedded in Sentences of an Artificial Language: When Learning Breaks Down.
https://ift.tt/2q7IJYS
How do Task Characteristics Affect Learning and Performance? The Roles of Variably Mapped and Dynamic Tasks.
https://ift.tt/2H9P3ar
Ces « spins » qui twistent les articles
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): O. Laccourreye, H. Maisonneuve
https://ift.tt/2GBCtzA
Lésions de l’œsophage provoquées par l’ingestion de pile bouton chez l’enfant : analyse des causes et proposition de mesures préventives
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): J.J. Lahmar, C. Célérier, E.N. Garabédian, V. Couloigner, N. Leboulanger, F. Denoyelle
ButsÉtudier les cas récents de lésion œsophagienne chez l'enfant par ingestion de piles boutons pris en charge aux urgences ORL pédiatriques d'Île-de-France, pour proposer des mesures préventives adaptées.Matériel et méthodesNous avons réalisé une étude descriptive, rétrospective et monocentrique. Les patients inclus étaient tous les enfants, âgés de moins de 15 ans, pris en charge aux urgences d'ORL pédiatrique entre janvier 2008 et avril 2014 pour l'ingestion et le blocage dans l'œsophage de pile bouton ayant nécessité une extraction en urgence.RésultatsVingt-deux garçons et 4 filles ont été inclus. L'âge médian était de 25 mois. Vingt-cinq piles sur 26 avaient un diamètre de 20mm ou plus. La durée médiane de présence des piles dans l'œsophage était de 7 heures 30 (2 à 72h). Le taux de complications était de 23 %. Le coût d'hospitalisation allait de 10 260 à 110 520€, avec un coût moyen de 38 751€. La provenance des piles était connue dans 23 cas sur 26 : télécommande sans compartiment vissé (42,3 %), paquet neuf ouvert (15,4 %), jouet pour enfant (15,3 %), appareil photo (7,7 %), montre (un cas) et appareil auditif sans compartiment vissé (un cas).ConclusionLes lésions œsophagiennes par ingestion de piles bouton chez l'enfant sont dues presque toujours à des piles de plus de 20mm provenant en majorité d'appareils au compartiment mal protégé ou de piles non conditionnées individuellement. Ces lésions sont sources de complications graves une fois sur 4 et leur prise en charge a un coût de santé élevé. Une législation imposant des compartiments vissés pour les appareils concernés et des emballages blisters individuels des piles aurait évité plus de 76,9 % des ingestions.
https://ift.tt/2GUDV3r
Myringoplastie avec utilisation de colle au cyanoacrylate et sans comblement d’oreille moyenne par Gelfoam©
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): L. Yang, L. JianMin, C. Yan, Z. Qing, R. XiaoYong, S. Ying
ObjectifsBien que de nombreuses méthodes aient été décrites pour essayer de stabiliser le greffon lors d'une myringoplastie, on ne peut éviter de placer du Gelfoam© dans la caisse ; ceci peut entraîner une obstruction tubaire voire une atteinte de l'oreille interne. L'usage d'une colle tissulaire lors d'une myringoplastie connaît un regain d'intérêt car elle permet de stabiliser le greffon et d'améliorer sa prise. Le but de cette étude prospective était d'étudier les résultats des myringoplasties réalisées pour perforation tympanique subtotale, avec utilisation de colle au cyanoacrylate et sans mise en place d'un produit de comblement dans l'oreille moyenne.MéthodesEntre mars 2014 et novembre 2015, 71 patients présentant une perforation tympanique subtotale ont été opérés, aléatoirement et prospectivement répartis en deux groupes : le groupe colle et le groupe témoin. Deux techniques de stabilisation du greffon ont été utilisées : soit par colle au cyanoacrylate (groupe colle), soit par comblement de l'oreille moyenne au Gelfoam© (groupe témoin). Toutes les interventions ont été réalisées par le même opérateur.RésultatsÀ 6 mois de l'intervention, la prise de greffe était de 87 % dans le groupe colle et de 89 % dans le groupe témoin. Dans les deux groupes, une amélioration significative de l'audition par rapport au préopératoire a été mise en évidence (p<0,05 dans les deux cas). Il n'y avait pas de différence entre le taux de prise de greffe, celui de complications, et les résultats audiométriques entre les deux groupes.ConclusionLa colle au cyanoacrylate est un outil utile pour stabiliser le greffon dans les myringoplasties pour perforation subtotale, et peut se substituer au comblement de la caisse par Gelfoam©.
https://ift.tt/2IwbTbL
Facteurs pronostiques des métastases intra-parotidiennes des carcinomes épidermoïdes cutanés de la face
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): C. Bobin, P. Ingrand, B. Dréno, E. Rio, O. Malard, F. Espitalier
ContexteLes carcinomes épidermoïdes cutanés (CEC) se développent sur l'extrémité céphalique dans 80 % des cas. Les métastases intra-parotidiennes (MIP) sont rares, mais leur traitement associant chirurgie et radiothérapie est lourd et leur pronostic est sombre.Matériel et méthodesLes cas de parotidectomies pour MIP d'un CEC de la face entre 2005 et 2015 ont été rétrospectivement étudiés. Les données épidémiologiques, carcinologiques et thérapeutiques ont été évaluées. Les survies globale et spécifique ont été calculées suivant la méthode de Kaplan–Meier. Le test du Logrank et le modèle de Cox ont été utilisés pour rechercher les facteurs pronostiques des MIP.ObjectifsL'objectif principal était d'identifier les facteurs influençant la survie des patients présentant une MIP d'un CEC de la face.RésultatsTrente-cinq patients ont été inclus. Le délai d'apparition des MIP était en moyenne de 13 mois. La survie globale à 1 an, 2 ans et 5 ans était respectivement de 57 %, 50 % et 35 %, la survie spécifique respectivement de 70 %, 66 % et 59 %. Les facteurs pronostiques indépendants des MIP étaient l'immunodépression, l'âge au traitement, les marges non saines de la tumeur cutanée, l'envahissement macroscopique du nerf facial et la présence d'adénopathies cervicales métastatiques.ConclusionCette étude confirme l'association de nombreux facteurs pronostiques indépendants au stade métastatique ganglionnaire intra-parotidien, liés à la population, à la tumeur cutanée primitive et à la MIP. L'obtention d'une exérèse complète de la tumeur cutanée initiale est une règle absolue, afin de diminuer le risque de survenue des MIP. Une surveillance radioclinique accrue doit permettre le diagnostic précoce de ces métastases.
https://ift.tt/2GSqTDD
Évaluation à moyen terme de la fonction de la trompe auditive après dilatation par ballonnet
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): D. Schmitt, M. Akkari, T. Mura, M. Mondain, A. Uziel, F. Venail
Il n'existe à ce jour aucun traitement consensuel des dysfonctions tubaires par obstruction. En cas d'échec de traitements médicamenteux et pressionnels bien conduits, certains auteurs proposent la dilatation tubaire par ballonnet comme alternative thérapeutique. Le but était d'évaluer l'efficacité et l'innocuité de la dilatation tubaire par ballonnet dans cette population.Materiels et méthodesCette étude rétrospective monocentrique rapporte les résultats évalués cliniquement et par tubomanométrie, ainsi que les complications et la satisfaction des sujets traités consécutivement par dilatation tubaire de juin 2012 à février 2015. L'indication opératoire était portée sur des signes cliniques et paracliniques de dysfonction tubaire obstructive en échec de traitement médical bien conduit.RésultatsQuarante-cinq gestes ont été réalisés chez 38 sujets. L'amélioration des symptômes cliniques a été évaluée à 88 %, 80 % et 80 % à respectivement 2 mois, 6 mois, et à plus d'un an. On observait également une amélioration de la fonction évaluée par tubomanométrie dans 81 % des cas. Le geste était bien toléré, et uniquement 4 % de complications mineures ont été retrouvées.ConclusionsL'efficacité, la tolérance et la sécurité retrouvées sont comparables à celles observées dans la littérature, bien qu'il s'agisse de patients étant tous en échec de 1re ligne de traitement. On note une normalisation de la fonction tubaire dans un peu plus d'un tiers des cas. Malgré ces résultats encourageants, la place et l'efficacité réelle de ce traitement reste à évaluer dans le cadre d'études prospectives de plus fort niveau de preuve.
https://ift.tt/2GBREsm
Editorial Board
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
https://ift.tt/2GVFyOk
La chirurgie de rattrapage dans les récidives de carcinomes épidermoïdes du larynx et de l’hypopharynx : étude rétrospective de 2005 à 2013
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): K. Pujo, P. Philouze, A. Scalabre, P. Céruse, M. Poupart, G. Buiret
ObjectifLa chirurgie en terrain irradié, dite de rattrapage, est l'option thérapeutique de référence en cas de récidive locorégionale des cancers du larynx et de l'hypopharynx. Néanmoins ses résultats carcinologiques et fonctionnels modérés nécessitent de pouvoir sélectionner les patients candidats à cette chirurgie. L'objectif principal de ce travail était de déterminer les facteurs pronostiques préopératoires associés à la survie. Les objectifs secondaires étaient l'étude de la survie globale et sans récidive à 5 ans, du taux de complications locorégionales et générales et des résultats fonctionnels en termes d'alimentation et de sevrage de trachéotomie.Patients et méthodeIl s'agit d'une étude rétrospective multicentrique sur 52 patients ayant présenté une récidive de carcinome épidermoïde laryngé ou hypopharyngé en terrain irradié et ayant eu une chirurgie de rattrapage entre 2005 et 2013.RésultatsLes facteurs associés à une meilleure survie globale à 3 ans en analyse univariée étaient la localisation laryngée de la tumeur initiale (p=0,001), la localisation laryngée de la récidive (p=0,026), les tumeurs classées rT1, rT2, rT3 par rapport aux tumeurs rT4 (p=0,007), un antécédent de chimiothérapie (p=0,036) et la réalisation d'un curage cervical au cours de la chirurgie de rattrapage (p=0,005). Ce dernier est confirmé à l'analyse multivariée. La survie globale à 5 ans était de 36,0 % [27,6 %–44,4 %]. La durée médiane de survie globale estimée était de 23,04 mois (IC 95 % [19,44–26,64]). La survie sans récidive à 5 ans était de 23,5 % [16,0 %–31,0 %]. La durée médiane de survie sans récidive estimée était de 8,04 mois (IC 95 % [2,04–14,04]).ConclusionLa chirurgie de rattrapage des cancers du larynx et de l'hypopharynx est difficile avec des survies modestes. La localisation laryngée de la tumeur initiale et de la récidive, son volume et son extension modérés (inférieure à T4), un traitement préalable par chimiothérapie, ainsi que la possibilité de réaliser un curage lors de la chirurgie de rattrapage sont corrélés à une meilleure survie globale et sans récidive, permettant une meilleure sélection des patients pouvant en bénéficier.
https://ift.tt/2IqbuHy
Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et facteurs de gravité chez les patients hospitalisés pour épistaxis spontanée
Publication date: April 2018
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): N. André, N. Klopp-Dutote, A. Biet-Hornstein, V. Strunski, C. Page
ObjectifsÉvaluer le rôle des facteurs de risque « cardiovasculaire », de la prise de médicaments altérant la crase sanguine et les signes de gravité chez des patients hospitalisés pour épistaxis spontanée.Matériel et méthodesIl s'agissait d'une étude monocentrique, rétrospective, réalisée sur 7 ans dans un centre hospitalier universitaire, ayant inclus 205 patients hospitalisés pour épistaxis spontanée. Ont été notés par patient : les facteurs de « risque cardiovasculaire » (maladie ou antécédent « cardiovasculaire » à risque hémorragique ou thromboembolique, hypertension artérielle, diabète sucré, dyslipidémie), la prise de médicaments modifiant la crase sanguine ; les mesure de la pression artérielle et le taux minimal d'hémoglobinémie au cours de l'hospitalisation. Les patients ont été séparés en deux groupes : épistaxis « graves » et « non graves ».RésultatsIl n'existait pas de différence significative entre les groupes de patients concernant l'âge moyen, le sex-ratio, la présence d'un antécédent d'hypertension artérielle et le nombre de facteurs de « risque cardiovasculaire ». Les patients avec une épistaxis grave avaient des mesures de pression artérielle significativement plus basse que dans le groupe non grave. L'hémoglobinémie était significativement inférieure dans le groupe des épistaxis graves. Il existait un lien entre le nombre de facteurs de risque « cardiovasculaire » par patient et la probabilité d'une transfusion sanguine.ConclusionsLes rôles réels de ces différents facteurs présumés dans la survenue d'une épistaxis spontanée restent encore à élucider, de même que les facteurs de gravité.
https://ift.tt/2GSqIbr
Localisation intra-labyrinthique d’une tumeur sporadique du sac endolymphatique
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): C. Lucas, J.-C. Leclère, E. Mornet, R. Marianowski
IntroductionLes tumeurs du sac endolymphatique sont des tumeurs bénignes, invasives d'évolution lente, envahissant l'os temporal, se manifestant par une surdité unilatérale. Elles peuvent être sporadiques ou s'intégrer dans un syndrome de von Hippel-Lindau (VHL).Résumé du casNous rapportons le cas d'une tumeur développée dans l'utricule dont l'aspect histologique et immunohistochimique correspond à une tumeur du sac endolymphatique, chez un patient indemne de VHL.DiscussionLes tumeurs du sac endolymphatique sont des lésions lysant l'os temporal, situées dans la partie postérieure de l'os pétreux. D'après deux études concernant des patients atteints de von Hippel-Lindau, les tumeurs du sac endolymphatique seraient développées aux dépens du canal endolymphatique. Notre observation d'un développement intra-labyrinthique d'une tumeur du sac endolymphatique sporadique est en faveur de cette hypothèse pour les formes sporadiques et plaide pour une labyrinthectomie associée au geste d'exérèse tumorale afin d'éviter les récidives.
https://ift.tt/2ItLdbw
La pharyngo-laryngoplastie par voie endoscopique : à propos d’un cas
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): A. Baguan, C.A. Righini, P.F. Castellanos, I. Atallah
IntroductionToute thérapeutique permettant la décanulation des malades trachéotomisés et dépendants de leur canule leur apporte un confort et permet pour ceux-ci et permet en outre de réduire les coûts de santé publique.Résumé du cas cliniqueNous exposons le cas d'un patient de 70 ans trachéotomisé dans les suites d'une radiothérapie pour un cancer du larynx en rémission depuis 13 ans avec des échecs de décanulation. Il présentait une sténose pharyngolaryngée. Une pharyngo-laryngoplastie par voie endoscopique a été réalisée en adoptant les techniques reconnues de la microchirurgie reconstructrice au laser par voie transorale. Des sutures par voie endoscopique ont été réalisées et sécurisées par des clips afin de remodeler le pharyngo-larynx et d'éviter la récidive des synéchies. La chirurgie a permis la décanulation définitive de ce patient.DiscussionLa chirurgie endoscopique pharyngo-laryngée a été initialement développée pour la résection des tumeurs à des stades localisés. Plus récemment, la microchirurgie reconstructrice au laser par voie transorale a été développée. Elle présente un intérêt fonctionnel permettant une reconstruction pharyngolaryngée destinée à traiter les séquelles de la chirurgie ou/et de la radiothérapie des cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures. Elle permet de reconstruire les voies aériennes supérieures restaurant une respiration buccale chez les patients trachéotomisés favorisant leur décanulation.
https://ift.tt/2GX5Csr
Lymphome de la zone marginale de localisation méningée : le piège du méningiome
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): A. Villeneuve, F. Rubin, P. Bonfils
ObjectifPrésenter un cas de lymphome de la zone marginale de type MALT de la méninge temporale dans lequel un diagnostic initial de méningiome temporal avait été initialement porté.ObservationPatiente de 60 ans immunocompétente suivie depuis plus de 10 ans pour un méningiome en plaque temporal (ou ostéoméningiome) responsable de vertiges et d'hypoacousie mixte. L'apparition d'une adénopathie cervicale a conduit à mettre en évidence une progression importante de la lésion intracrânienne et à poser le diagnostic de lymphome de la zone marginale grâce à l'examen histologique de l'adénopathie cervicale. Le traitement par 6 cures de Rituximab et Bendamustine a permis une rémission complète de l'atteinte cervicale et de l'atteinte intracrânienne, confirmant qu'il s'agissait d'un lymphome dural temporal.ConclusionLe lymphome dural primitif doit faire partie du diagnostic différentiel du méningiome, la surveillance au long terme permettant de redresser le diagnostic.
https://ift.tt/2IubZAq
Comment utiliser à moindre coût l’impression 3D comme aide à la reconstruction mandibulaire ?
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): A. Dupret-Bories, S. Vergez, T. Meresse, F. Brouillet, G. Bertrand
L'impression en 3 dimensions est en plein essor dans le domaine médical. Cette technologie accroît les possibilités de traitement personnalisé pour les patients tout en abaissant les coûts de fabrication. Dans le cadre des reconstructions de mandibule par lambeau libre de fibula, des sociétés proposent, à l'heure actuelle, des guides de coupe obtenus par moulage à partir de scanner. Outre les délais de réalisation importants i.e. minimum 21jours, ces guides sont vendus à des coûts prohibitifs (2000 à 6000 euros). Conjointement avec le CNRS, des étudiants ingénieurs, une société biomédicale, les auteurs ont mis au point des guides de coupe et des fantômes de mandibule imprimés en 3 dimensions, livrables en 7jours et à moindre coût. La nouveauté de ce projet réside dans la rapidité d'élaboration des produits et la réduction importante de leur prix. Les auteurs proposent de décrire dans cette note technique la chaîne logistique de réalisation des fantômes et des guides de coupe ainsi que les résultats apportés. L'objectif est de permettre dans un avenir proche l'accès à cette technologie pour tous les patients.
https://ift.tt/2GX5zgf
La chirurgie endoscopique de la fente olfactive
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): R. Jankowski, C. Rumeau, P. Gallet, D.T. Nguyen, A. Russel, B. Toussaint
La fente olfactive est le siège électif de tumeurs spécifiques (hamartome épithélial respiratoire adénomatoïde, adénocarcinome intestinal, neuroblastome olfactif, papillome inversé, glomangiopéricytome, …). Elle est aussi le site de rhinoliquorrhées particulières appelées cribri-liquorrhées. En conséquence la chirurgie de la fente olfactive se doit d'être pensée en tant que chirurgie spécifique, complémentaire de la chirurgie des masses latérales de l'ethmoïde et de celle de la fosse cérébrale antérieure. Les tumeurs développées à partir de la fente olfactive peuvent être réséquées selon cinq procédés chirurgicaux différents : mucosectomie de fente olfactive, résection partielle de fente olfactive, résection totale de fente olfactive, résection cranio-ethmoïdale endoscopique unilatérale, et résection cranio-ethmoïdale endoscopique bilatérale. Le diagnostic et la fermeture des cribri-liquorrhées (rhinoliquorrhée prouvée dont l'origine au niveau de la lame criblée est affirmée au cours d'une endoscopie des fentes olfactives sous anesthésie générale chez un patient dont l'imagerie n'a pas permis de localiser le site de la brèche) complète ce nouvel arsenal chirurgical.
https://ift.tt/2GCSQfr
L’organe oublié
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): L.-M. Roussel, C. Escalard, M. Hitier
https://ift.tt/2GS6rCK
Une tumeur cervicale inusitée
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): A. Gaudreau, A. Belisle, T. Ayad
https://ift.tt/2ItnyYB
Physiologie de l’ostium des sinus paranasaux : observations endoscopiques
Source:Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale, Volume 135, Issue 2
Author(s): R. Jankowski, C. Rumeau
https://ift.tt/2GX5oBB
The putative role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders: Focus on Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Bipolar Disorder and Multiple Sclerosis
Sleep and circadian abnormalities are prevalent and burdensome manifestations of diverse neuro-immune diseases, and may aggravate the course of several neuropsychiatric disorders. The underlying pathophysiology of sleep abnormalities across neuropsychiatric disorders remains unclear, and may involve the inter-play of several clinical variables and mechanistic pathways. In this review, we propose a heuristic framework in which reciprocal interactions of immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and mitochondrial pathways may drive sleep abnormalities across potentially neuroprogressive disorders.
https://ift.tt/2GBBRdo
Editorial Board
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Volume 301
https://ift.tt/2q7Mj54
Dynamics of dual-fluorescent polymersomes with durable integrity in living cancer cells and zebrafish embryos
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 168
Author(s): Sven H.C. Askes, Nelli Bossert, Jeroen Bussmann, Victorio Saez Talens, Michael S. Meijer, Roxanne E. Kieltyka, Alexander Kros, Sylvestre Bonnet, Doris Heinrich
The long-term fate of biomedical nanoparticles after endocytosis is often only sparsely addressed in vitro and in vivo, while this is a crucial parameter to conclude on their utility. In this study, dual-fluorescent polyisobutylene-polyethylene glycol (PiB-PEG) polymersomes were studied for several days in vitro and in vivo. In order to optically track the vesicles' integrity, one fluorescent probe was located in the membrane and the other in the aqueous interior compartment. These non-toxic nanovesicles were quickly endocytosed in living A549 lung carcinoma cells but unusually slowly transported to perinuclear lysosomal compartments, where they remained intact and luminescent for at least 90 h without being exocytosed. Fluorescence-assisted flow cytometry indicated that after endocytosis, the nanovesicles were eventually degraded within 7–11 days. In zebrafish embryos, the polymersomes caused no lethality and were quickly taken up by the endothelial cells, where they remained fully intact for as long as 96 h post-injection. This work represents a novel case-study of the remarkable potential of PiB-PEG polymersomes as an in vivo bio-imaging and slow drug delivery platform.
https://ift.tt/2Iw1fSd
Enzyme-triggered size shrink and laser-enhanced NO release nanoparticles for deep tumor penetration and combination therapy
Publication date: June 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 168
Author(s): Chuan Hu, Xingli Cun, Shaobo Ruan, Rui Liu, Wei Xiao, Xiaotong Yang, Yuanyuan Yang, Chuanyao Yang, Huile Gao
Chemotherapy remains restricted by poor drug delivery efficacy due to the heterogenous nature of tumor. Herein, we presented a novel nanoparticle that could not only response to the tumor microenvironment but also modulate it for deep tumor penetration and combination therapy. The intelligent nanoparticle (IDDHN) was engineered by hyaluronidase (HAase)-triggered size shrinkable hyaluronic acid shells, which were modified with NIR laser sensitive nitric oxide donor (HN), small-sized dendrimeric prodrug (IDD) of doxorubicin (DOX) as chemotherapy agent and indocyanine green (ICG) as photothermal agent into a single nanoparticle. IDDHN displayed synergistic deep penetration both in vitro and in vivo, owing to the enzymatically degradable HN shell mediated by HAase and laser-enhanced NO release triggered deep penetration upon strong hyperthermia effect of ICG under the NIR laser irradiation. The therapeutic effect of IDDHN was verified in 4T1 xenograft tumor model, and IDDHN showed a much better antitumor efficiency with few side effects upon NIR laser irradiation. Therefore, the valid of this study might provide a novel tactic for engineering nanoparticles both response to and modulate the tumor microenvironment for improving penetration and heterogeneity distribution of therapeutic agents in tumor.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2GXC9OU
The burden of allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis on adolescents: a literature review
To evaluate the literature regarding the burden of allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) in adolescents (10-19 years).
https://ift.tt/2uN5nLM
Palliative thoracic radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: 2018 Update of an American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) Evidence-Based Guideline
Source:Practical Radiation Oncology
Author(s): Benjamin Moeller, Ehsan H. Balagamwala, Aileen Chen, Kimberly M. Creach, Giuseppe Giaccone, Matthew Koshy, Sandra Zaky, George Rodrigues
PurposeTo revise the recommendation on the use of concurrent chemotherapy (CC) with palliative thoracic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) made in the original 2011 American Society for Radiation Oncology guideline on palliative thoracic radiation for lung cancer.Methods and materialsBased on a systematic PubMed search showing new evidence for this key question, the task force felt an update was merited. Guideline recommendations were created using a predefined consensus-building methodology supported by American Society for Radiation Oncology–approved tools for grading evidence quality and recommendation strength.ResultsAlthough few randomized clinical trials address the question of CC combined with palliative thoracic EBRT for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a strong consensus was reached among the task force on recommendations for incurable stage III and IV NSCLC. For patients with stage III NSCLC deemed unsuitable for curative therapy but who are (1) candidates for chemotherapy, (2) have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS of 0 to 2, and (3) have a life expectancy of at least 3 months, administration of a platinum-containing chemotherapy doublet concurrently with moderately hypofractionated palliative thoracic radiation therapy is recommended over treatment with either modality alone. For patients with stage IV NSCLC, routine use of concurrent thoracic chemoradiation is not recommended.ConclusionsOptimal palliation of patients with incurable NSCLC requires coordinated interdisciplinary care. Recent data establish a rationale for CC with palliative thoracic EBRT for a well-defined subset of patients with incurable stage III NSCLC. For all other patients with incurable NSCLC, data remain insufficient to support this treatment approach.
https://ift.tt/2GVtiNO
Sorption of 17β-estradiol to the dissolved organic matter from animal wastes: effects of composting and the role of fulvic acid-like aggregates
Abstract
Steroid estrogens, such as 17β-estradiol (E2), in animal manure pose a potential threat to the aquatic environment. The transport and estrogenicity of estrogens influence the sorption of estrogens to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in animal manure, and composting treatment alters the structure and composition of the manure. The objectives of the present study were to identify the contribution of the molecular composition of DOM of composted manure to the sorption of E2 and then elucidate the dominant mechanisms involved in the interaction of E2 with manure-derived DOM. The excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that composting significantly altered the chemical composition and structure of DOM. A decrease in the atomic ratios of oxygen (O)/carbon (C) occurred in conjunction with the formation of DOM aggregates in the composted manure, indicating that the hydrophilicity and polarity of the DOM decreased after composting. Composting increased the sorption coefficients (KDOC-E2) for E2 to DOM, and KDOC-E2 was positively correlated with the proportion of the fulvic acid (FA)-like fraction and molecular weight (MW) fractions of the DOM (range of 1.0 × 103–7.0 × 103 Da and 7.0 × 103–1.4 × 104 Da). Specifically, E2 showed a tendency for sorption to medium-sized FA-like molecules of DOM aggregates in composted manure. Hydrophobic forces and π-π binding appeared to be the main mechanisms underlying the aforementioned interaction.
https://ift.tt/2GxNu98
Effect of changing postoperative pain management on bleeding rates in tonsillectomy patients
To review rates of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) at a quaternary medical center, including the impact of narcotic versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) postoperative pain management.
https://ift.tt/2q6JGk7
A boy presenting with chronic ear drainage and associated middle ear mass
11-year old male presented to the clinic with a chronically draining ear and associated hearing loss. He was treated two months ago by his pediatrician for otitis media with amoxicillin but continued to have drainage. He underwent an audiogram which showed a left sided maximal conductive hearing loss. He had no history of ear tubes or surgery. He passed his newborn hearing screen and subsequent audiograms until recently.
https://ift.tt/2He8ZZO
In whom does horizontal canal BPPV recur?
The objective of this study is to examine the rate of horizontal canal BPPV recurrence of the same type and search for predisposing factors.
https://ift.tt/2q7cxEL
Wear measurement of dental tissues and materials in clinical studies: A systematic review
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): C. Wulfman, V. Koenig, A.K. Mainjot
ObjectivesThis study aims to systematically review the different methods used for wear measurement of dental tissues and materials in clinical studies, their relevance and reliability in terms of accuracy and precision, and the performance of the different steps of the workflow taken independently.MethodsAn exhaustive search of clinical studies related to wear of dental tissues and materials reporting a quantitative measurement method was conducted. MedLine, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were used. Prospective studies, pilot studies and case series (>10 patients), as long as they contained a description of wear measurement methodology. Only studies published after 1995 were considered.ResultsAfter duplicates' removal, 495 studies were identified, and 41 remained for quantitative analysis. Thirty-four described wear-measurement protocols, using digital profilometry and superimposition, whereas 7 used alternative protocols. A specific form was designed to analyze the risk of bias. The methods were described in terms of material analyzed; study design; device used for surface acquisition; matching software details and settings; type of analysis (vertical height-loss measurement vs volume loss measurement); type of area investigated (entire occlusal area or selective areas); and results.SinificanceThere is a need of standardization of clinical wear measurement. Current methods exhibit accuracy, which is not sufficient to monitor wear of restorative materials and tooth tissues. Their performance could be improved, notably limiting the use of replicas, using standardized calibration procedures and positive controls, optimizing the settings of scanners and matching softwares, and taking into account unusable data.
https://ift.tt/2GBuJNQ
The Neural Representations Underlying Human Episodic Memory
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2018
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Author(s): Gui Xue
A fundamental question of human episodic memory concerns the cognitive and neural representations and processes that give rise to the neural signals of memory. By integrating behavioral tests, formal computational models, and neural measures of brain activity patterns, recent studies suggest that memory signals not only depend on the neural processes and representations during encoding and retrieval, but also on the interaction between encoding and retrieval (e.g., transfer-appropriate processing), as well as on the interaction between the tested events and all other events in the episodic memory space (e.g., global matching). In addition, memory signals are also influenced by the compatibility of the event with the existing long-term knowledge (e.g., schema matching). These studies highlight the interactive nature of human episodic memory.
https://ift.tt/2IpQrVy
Efficient removal of arsenic(III) from aqueous media using magnetic polyaniline-doped strontium–titanium nanocomposite
Abstract
In this study, a novel nanocomposite adsorbent based on magnetic polyaniline and strontium–titanium (MP-SrTiO3) nanoparticles was synthesized via a simple and low-cost polymerization method for efficiently removing of arsenic(III) ions from aqueous samples. The chemical structure, surface properties, and morphology of the prepared adsorbent were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The main effective parameters on the removal efficiency, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, salt, and contact time, were studied and optimized. The validity of the proposed method was checked by adsorption isotherm and kinetics models. Consequently, the adsorption kinetics corresponded to the first order (R2 > 0.99), and the experimental equilibrium fitted the Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 67.11 mg/g (R2 > 0.99) for arsenic(III) ions. Corresponding to thermodynamic Vant's Hof model (ΔG° (kJ/mol), ΔH° (kJ/mol), and ΔS° (kJ/mol K) − 8.19, − 60.61, and − 0.17, respectively), the mechanism and adsorption nature were investigated with that suggested exothermic and physisorption mechanism.
https://ift.tt/2Ek4MRc
Risk assessment, spatial distribution, and source apportionment of heavy metals in Chinese surface soils from a typically tobacco cultivated area
Abstract
The heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface soils of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields in Jiangxi Province were analyzed, and the mean heavy metal concentrations were 3.55, 0.19, 25.89, 14.96, 0.25, 10.89, 27.80, and 44.00 mg/kg, respectively. Spatial distribution analysis showed that the highest concentrations were recorded in the north-western, south-western, and mid-eastern parts of the study area. The index of geo-accumulation and pollution index indicated modest enrichment with Cd and Hg, which were the only two metals posing a potentially high ecological risk to the local agricultural environment. The health risk assessment showed no considerable non-carcinogenic or carcinogenic risks for children and adults from these elements. The principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) found that the variations in the Cr and Ni concentrations were largely on account of the soil parent rocks, but the As, Cd, Cu, and Hg variations in the soil were largely owing to agricultural practices of years. However, the main factor influencing Pb and Zn was atmospheric deposition.
https://ift.tt/2GAUORh
Hepatocyte-specific deletion of LASS2 protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Shaohua Fan, Yanyan Wang, Cun Wang, Haojie Jin, Zheng Wu, Jun Lu, Zifeng Zhang, Chunhui Sun, Qun Shan, Dongmei Wu, Juan Zhuang, Ning Sheng, Ying Xie, Mengqiu Li, Bin Hu, Jingyuan Fang, Yuanlin Zheng, Wenxin Qin
Homo sapienslongevity assurance homolog 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2) is expressed mostly in human liver. Here, we explored roles of LASS2 in pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. Hepatocyte-specific LASS2 knockout (LASS2-/-) mice were generated using Cre-LoxP system. LASS2-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were fed with chow or high-fat diet (HFD). We found LASS2-/- mice were resistant to HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. In HFD-fed mice, LASS2 deficiency significantly inhibited p38 MAPK and ERK1/ERK2 signaling in mouse liver. This effect was mediated by a significant increase of V-ATPase activity and a decrease of ROS level. We also observed that elevated expression of LASS2 in mouse hepatocyte cell line AML12 obviously decreased V-ATPase activity and increased ROS level by activation of p38 MAPK and ERK1/ERK2 signaling. Our findings indicate that LASS2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diet-induced hepatic steatosis and is a potential novel target for prevention and intervention of liver diseases.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2GxutDI
Brain mitochondrial iron accumulates in Huntington's disease, mediates mitochondrial dysfunction, and can be removed pharmacologically
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Sonal Agrawal, Julia Fox, Baskaran Thyagarajan, Jonathan Fox
Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction is involved in neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD). Iron is critical for normal mitochondrial bioenergetics but can also contribute to pathogenic oxidation. The accumulation of iron in the brain occurs in mouse models and in human HD. Yet the role of mitochondria-related iron dysregulation as a contributor to bioenergetic pathophysiology in HD is unclear. We demonstrate here that human HD and mouse model HD (12-week R6/2 and 12-month YAC128) brains accumulated mitochondrial iron and showed increased expression of iron uptake protein mitoferrin 2 and decreased iron-sulfur cluster synthesis protein frataxin. Mitochondria-enriched fractions from mouse HD brains had deficits in membrane potential and oxygen uptake and increased lipid peroxidation. In addition, the membrane-permeable iron-selective chelator deferiprone (1 μM) rescued these effects ex-vivo, whereas hydrophilic iron and copper chelators did not. A 10-day oral deferiprone treatment in 9-week R6/2 HD mice indicated that deferiprone removed mitochondrial iron, restored mitochondrial potentials, decreased lipid peroxidation, and improved motor endurance. Neonatal iron supplementation potentiates neurodegeneration in mouse models of HD by unknown mechanisms. We found that neonatal iron supplementation increased brain mitochondrial iron accumulation and potentiated markers of mitochondrial dysfunction in HD mice. Therefore, bi-directional manipulation of mitochondrial iron can potentiate and protect against markers of mouse HD. Our findings thus demonstrate the significance of iron as a mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction and injury in mouse models of human HD and suggest that targeting the iron-mitochondrial pathway may be protective.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2q7cmcV
Oxidant-Specific Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Association with Atherosclerosis and Implication for Antioxidant Effects
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Etsuo Niki
The unregulated oxidative modification of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids induced by multiple oxidants has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Antioxidants with diverse functions exert their roles either directly or indirectly in the physiological defense network to inhibit such deleterious oxidative modification of biological molecules and resulting damage. The efficacy of antioxidants depends on the nature of oxidants. Therefore, it is important to identify the oxidants which are responsible for modification of biological molecules. Some oxidation products produced selectively by specific oxidant enable to identify the responsible oxidants, while other products are produced by several oxidants similarly. In this review article, several oxidant-specific products produced selectively by peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrite, hypochlorous acid, lipoxygenase, and singlet oxygen were summarized and their potential role as biomarker is discussed. It is shown that the levels of specific oxidation products including hydroxylinoleate isomers, nitrated and chlorinated products, and oxysterols produced by the above-mentioned oxidants are elevated in the human atherosclerotic lesions, suggesting that all these oxidants may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Further, it was shown that the reactivities of physiological antioxidants toward the above-mentioned oxidants vary extensively, suggesting that multiple antioxidants effective against these different oxidants are required, since no single antioxidant alone can cope with these multiple oxidants.
Graphical abstract
https://ift.tt/2GxMMZr
SCN2A mutation in an infant presenting with migrating focal seizures and infantile spasm responsive to a ketogenic diet
Source:Brain and Development
Author(s): Da-Jyun Su, Jyh-Feng Lu, Li-Ju Lin, Jao-Shwann Liang, Kun-Long Hung
SCN2A mutations have been identified in various encephalopathy phenotypes, ranging from benign familial neonatal-infantile seizure (BFNIS) to more severe forms of epileptic encephalopathy such as Ohtahara syndrome or epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizure (EIMFS). Thus far, no particularly effective treatment is available for severe epileptic encephalopathy caused by SCN2A mutations in children.We present the case of a boy who developed seizures on the third day of life and received a diagnosis of EIMFS based on his clinical presentations and electroencephalography reports. Antiepileptic drugs, namely oxcarbazepine, phenytoin, valproate, levetiracetam, and clonazepam, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy failed to reduce the severity of the seizures. Seizure pattern changed to infantile spasm with extensor thrust since 5 months of age. A ketogenic diet consisting of a medium-chain triglyceride recipe was introduced at 8 months of age and the seizures were resolved in the following 10 months. A de novo mutation in SCN2A (c.573G > T; p.W191C) was proven through next-generation sequencing.
https://ift.tt/2EiRmVF
Neural oscillations during conditional associative learning
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 174
Author(s): Alex Clarke, Brooke M. Roberts, Charan Ranganath
Associative learning requires mapping between complex stimuli and behavioural responses. When multiple stimuli are involved, conditional associative learning is a gradual process with learning based on trial and error. It is established that a distributed network of regions track associative learning, however the role of neural oscillations in human learning remains less clear. Here we used scalp EEG to test how neural oscillations change during learning of arbitrary visuo-motor associations. Participants learned to associative 48 different abstract shapes to one of four button responses through trial and error over repetitions of the shapes. To quantify how well the associations were learned for each trial, we used a state-space computational model of learning that provided a probability of each trial being correct given past performance for that stimulus, that we take as a measure of the strength of the association. We used linear modelling to relate single-trial neural oscillations to single-trial measures of association strength. We found frontal midline theta oscillations during the delay period tracked learning, where theta activity was strongest during the early stages of learning and declined as the associations were formed. Further, posterior alpha and low-beta oscillations in the cue period showed strong desynchronised activity early in learning, while stronger alpha activity during the delay period was seen as associations became well learned. Moreover, the magnitude of these effects during early learning, before the associations were learned, related to improvements in memory seen on the next presentation of the stimulus. The current study provides clear evidence that frontal theta and posterior alpha/beta oscillations play a key role during associative memory formation.
https://ift.tt/2EjzFFv
Subcortical sources dominate the neuroelectric auditory frequency-following response to speech
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 175
Author(s): Gavin M. Bidelman
Frequency-following responses (FFRs) are neurophonic potentials that provide a window into the encoding of complex sounds (e.g., speech/music), auditory disorders, and neuroplasticity. While the neural origins of the FFR remain debated, renewed controversy has reemerged after demonstration that FFRs recorded via magnetoencephalography (MEG) are dominated by cortical rather than brainstem structures as previously assumed. Here, we recorded high-density (64 ch) FFRs via EEG and applied state-of-the art source imaging techniques to multichannel data (discrete dipole modeling, distributed imaging, independent component analysis, computational simulations). Our data confirm a mixture of generators localized to bilateral auditory nerve (AN), brainstem inferior colliculus (BS), and bilateral primary auditory cortex (PAC). However, frequency-specific scrutiny of source waveforms showed the relative contribution of these nuclei to the aggregate FFR varied across stimulus frequencies. Whereas AN and BS sources produced robust FFRs up to ∼700 Hz, PAC showed weak phase-locking with little FFR energy above the speech fundamental (100 Hz). Notably, CLARA imaging further showed PAC activation was eradicated for FFRs >150 Hz, above which only subcortical sources remained active. Our results show (i) the site of FFR generation varies critically with stimulus frequency; and (ii) opposite the pattern observed in MEG, subcortical structures make the largest contribution to electrically recorded FFRs (AN ≥ BS > PAC). We infer that cortical dominance observed in previous neuromagnetic data is likely due to the bias of MEG to superficial brain tissue, underestimating subcortical structures that drive most of the speech-FFR. Cleanly separating subcortical from cortical FFRs can be achieved by ensuring stimulus frequencies are >150–200 Hz, above the phase-locking limit of cortical neurons.
https://ift.tt/2GxwYpv
Atypical cortical entrainment to speech in the right hemisphere underpins phonemic deficits in dyslexia
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 175
Author(s): Giovanni M. Di Liberto, Varghese Peter, Marina Kalashnikova, Usha Goswami, Denis Burnham, Edmund C. Lalor
Developmental dyslexia is a multifaceted disorder of learning primarily manifested by difficulties in reading, spelling, and phonological processing. Neural studies suggest that phonological difficulties may reflect impairments in fundamental cortical oscillatory mechanisms. Here we examine cortical mechanisms in children (6–12 years of age) with or without dyslexia (utilising both age- and reading-level-matched controls) using electroencephalography (EEG). EEG data were recorded as participants listened to an audio-story. Novel electrophysiological measures of phonemic processing were derived by quantifying how well the EEG responses tracked phonetic features of speech. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence for impaired low-frequency cortical tracking to phonetic features during natural speech perception in dyslexia. Atypical phonological tracking was focused on the right hemisphere, and correlated with traditional psychometric measures of phonological skills used in diagnostic dyslexia assessments. Accordingly, the novel indices developed here may provide objective metrics to investigate language development and language impairment across languages.
https://ift.tt/2EkGdTY
Distinct functional and structural neural underpinnings of working memory
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 174
Author(s): Max M. Owens, Bryant Duda, Lawrence H. Sweet, James MacKillop
Working memory (WM), the short-term abstraction and manipulation of information, is an essential neurocognitive process in daily functioning. Few studies have concurrently examined the functional and structural neural correlates of WM and the current study did so to characterize both overlapping and unique associations. Participants were a large sample of adults from the Human Connectome Project (N = 1064; 54% female) who completed an in-scanner visual N-back WM task. The results indicate a clear dissociation between BOLD activation during the WM task and brain structure in relation to performance. In particular, while activation in the middle frontal gyrus was positively associated with WM performance, cortical thickness in this region was inversely associated with performance. Additional unique associations with WM were BOLD activation in superior parietal lobule, cingulate, and fusiform gyrus and gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex and cuneus. Across findings, substantially larger effects were observed for functional associations relative to structural associations. These results provide further evidence implicating frontoparietal subunits of the brain in WM. Moreover, these findings reveal the distinct, and in some cases opposing, roles of brain structure and neural activation in WM, highlighting the lack of homology between structure and function in relation to cognition.
https://ift.tt/2GxnVoC
Mapping working memory retrieval in space and in time: A combined electroencephalography and electrocorticography approach
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 174
Author(s): Qiong Zhang, Marieke van Vugt, Jelmer P. Borst, John R. Anderson
In this study, we investigated the time course and neural correlates of the retrieval process underlying visual working memory. We made use of a rare dataset in which the same task was recorded using both scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and Electrocorticography (ECoG), respectively. This allowed us to examine with great spatial and temporal detail how the retrieval process works, and in particular how the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is involved. In each trial, participants judged whether a probe face had been among a set of recently studied faces. With a method that combines hidden semi-Markov models and multivariate pattern analysis, the neural signal was decomposed into a sequence of latent cognitive stages with information about their durations on a trial-by-trial basis. Analyzed separately, EEG and ECoG data yielded converging results on discovered stages and their interpretation, which reflected 1) a brief pre-attention stage, 2) encoding the stimulus, 3) retrieving the studied set, and 4) making a decision. Combining these stages with the high spatial resolution of ECoG suggested that activity in the temporal cortex reflected item familiarity in the retrieval stage; and that once retrieval is complete, there is active maintenance of the studied face set in the decision stage in the MTL. During this same period, the frontal cortex guides the decision by means of theta coupling with the MTL. These observations generalize previous findings on the role of MTL theta from long-term memory tasks to short-term memory tasks.
https://ift.tt/2EjOmIo
Resting-state functional connectivity predicts the ability to adapt arm reaching in a robot-mediated force field
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 174
Author(s): Irene Faiman, Sara Pizzamiglio, Duncan L. Turner
Motor deficits are common outcomes of neurological conditions such as stroke. In order to design personalised motor rehabilitation programmes such as robot-assisted therapy, it would be advantageous to predict how a patient might respond to such treatment. Spontaneous neural activity has been observed to predict differences in the ability to learn a new motor behaviour in both healthy and stroke populations. This study investigated whether spontaneous resting-state functional connectivity could predict the degree of motor adaptation of right (dominant) upper limb reaching in response to a robot-mediated force field. Spontaneous neural activity was measured using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy adults before a single session of motor adaptation. The degree of beta frequency (β; 15–25 Hz) resting-state functional connectivity between contralateral electrodes overlying the left primary motor cortex (M1) and the anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) could predict the subsequent degree of motor adaptation. This result provides novel evidence for the functional significance of resting-state synchronization dynamics in predicting the degree of motor adaptation in a healthy sample. This study constitutes a promising first step towards the identification of patients who will likely gain most from using robot-mediated upper limb rehabilitation training based on simple measures of spontaneous neural activity.
https://ift.tt/2JfiCrL
Rectal ulcer and pseudomalignant epithelial changes after prostate seed brachytherapy: A rare complication with a diagnostic pitfall
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
Author(s): Hwajeong Lee, Natallia Sheuka, Osama El-kadi, Brian P. Murray, Hugh A. Fisher, Bhaskar V.S. Kallakury, Edward C. Lee, Ann Boguniewicz, Timothy A. Jennings
BackgroundImplant brachytherapy (IBT) is a well-recognized treatment modality for early stage prostate cancer. Rectal ulcer and rectourethral fistula complicating IBT may cause an alteration of the normal anatomic landmarks. In this context, pseudomalignant radiation-induced changes within prostatic epithelium may be misinterpreted as a primary rectal malignancy. Such challenging and misleading findings have not been described, and may not be recognized as such.Materials and methodsWe present the clinical and pathologic aspects of two patients who underwent IBT for low stage prostate cancer that was complicated by deep rectal ulcer. Both patients underwent extensive palliative surgical resection for disease control.ResultsThe histologic changes in both cases were noteworthy for extensive necrosis and inflammation of the prostate, associated with loss of recto-prostatic anatomical landmarks. Prostatic glands showed striking radiation-induced atypia and pseudomalignant epithelial changes extending to the rectal ulcer bed, with no residual viable tumor. The first patient had undergone a biopsy of the rectal ulcer bed that was misinterpreted as a rectal adenocarcinoma prior to surgery. The similarity between atypical glands of the biopsy and the benign prostatic tissue with radiation-induced atypia in resection specimen confirmed their benign nature.ConclusionsDeep rectal ulcer complicating IBT may lead to distortion of the normal recto-prostatic anatomical landmarks, resulting in detection of pseudo-malignant prostatic glands at the ulcer base. Such findings may be mistaken for a primary rectal malignancy in limited biopsy material if not familiar to the pathologist.
https://ift.tt/2GwF2XL
Primary breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine features: Clinicopathological features and analysis of tumor growth patterns in 36 cases
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
Author(s): Canan Kelten Talu, Cem Leblebici, Tulin Kilicaslan Ozturk, Ezgi Hacihasanoglu, Sevim Baykal Koca, Zuhal Gucin
Primary breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine features (NEBC) is an uncommon tumor. In the classification of WHO 2012, these tumors were categorized as: 1- neuroendocrine tumor, well-differentiated; 2- neuroendocrine carcinoma, poorly differentiated/small cell carcinoma; and 3- invasive breast carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. In this study, we reviewed NEBC except poorly differentiated/small cell carcinoma variant in order to define the morphological growth patterns and cytonuclear details of these tumors. All breast surgical excision materials between 2007 and 2016 were re-evaluated in terms of neuroendocrine differentiation. Thirty-six cases showing positive staining for synaptophysin and/or chromogranin A in ≥50% of tumor cells were included in the study. All cases were female with a mean age of 67.4. Mean tumor diameter was 26 mm. Multifocality was noted in 5 cases. Grossly, they were mostly infiltrative mass lesions. T stages, identified in 34 cases, were as follows: 13 cases with pT1; 19 pT2 and 2 pT3. We described schematically 4 types of patterns depending on predominant growth pattern, except one case: 1) Large-sized solid cohesive groups (6 cases), 2) Small- to medium-sized solid cohesive groups with trabeculae/ribbons and glandular structures (6 cases), 3) Mixed growth patterns (20 cases), 4) Invasive tumor with prominent extracellular and/or intracellular mucin (3 cases). The tumor cells were mostly polygonal-oval with eosinophilic/eosinophilic-granular cytoplasm. The nuclei of tumor cells were mostly round to oval with evenly distributed chromatin. Only 5 cases showed high grade nuclear and histological features. Molecular subtypes of the cases were as follows: 33 luminal A, 2 luminal B, and 1 triple negative. NEBC should come to mind when a tumor display one of the morphological patterns described above, composed of monotonous cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and abundant eosinophilic/eosinophilic granular or clear cytoplasm, especially in elderly patients.
https://ift.tt/2EjF0ME
PD-L1 immuno-expression assay in thymomas: Study of 84 cases and review of literature
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Annals of Diagnostic Pathology
Author(s): Prerna Guleria, Nuzhat Husain, Saumya Shukla, Sunil Kumar, Rajinder Parshad, Deepali Jain
Background and aimsProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune check point inhibitor, is known to be expressed in several malignancies and is being considered as a prognostic factor and a potential immunotherapeutic target. The aim of this study was to characterize PD-L1 expression in thymomas and to determine correlation with clinicopathological features and previously published studies in the literature.MethodsTissue microarrays were prepared from selected blocks of thymomas and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for PD-L1 was performed. Cases were considered as PD-L1 positive or negative depending on whether the percentage of stained thymic epithelial cells were <25 or >25%. Results were compared clinically and with previously published studies using Google and Pubmed search engines.ResultsOf 84 cases of thymoma, 69 (82.1%) revealed PD-L1 positivity in >25% cells. 94.23% of type B thymoma subtypes (B1/B2/B3) were PD-L1 positive (P < 0.001). There was no correlation of PD-L1 with age, gender, myasthenia gravis, the tumor size or stage of disease. Nine studies were available in the literature; most of which showed PD-L1 expression in higher stage and B subtype however percentage positivity varied from 53.7% to over 90%.ConclusionsPD-L1 expression is frequent in type B (B1/B2/B3) thymomas. It can be easily evaluated by IHC even on small biopsies in unresectable cases, thereby enabling improved clinical evaluation as well as prognostic stratification of patients. It will serve as a potential indicator for benefit from anti-PD-L1 antibody immunotherapy in thymomas.
https://ift.tt/2JlPVt5
A novel approach to evaluate potential risk of organic enrichment in marine aquaculture farms: a case study in Sanggou Bay
Abstract
A novel approach was proposed to evaluate the potential risk of organic enrichment in marine aquaculture farms without obvious environmental degradation. The approach was based on historical environmental records preserved in sediment cores, and potential risk of organic enrichment can be effectively evaluated by comparing burial fluxes of marine organic carbon (OCM) during times before and after large-scale aquaculture. A case study was conducted in Sanggou Bay. The change trends on burial fluxes of organic carbon in sediment over the past 150 years were rebuilt. OCM burial fluxes have greatly increased since the beginning of large-scale aquaculture in 1980s, reaching 16.0~16.5 times higher than that before large-scale aquaculture. The results indicate that aquaculture activities have resulted in obvious accumulation of aquacultural organic matters, although sedimental environment has not degraded seriously. Besides, if the OCM burial fluxes further increase to 3.5~7.0 times higher than that in present, sedimental environment may degrade obviously. Therefore, potential risks of organic enrichment still exist with aquaculture development in Sanggou Bay.
https://ift.tt/2GyozSZ
A case report of atypical Spitz tumor harboring a novel MLPH-ALK gene fusion with discordant ALK immunohistochemistry results
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Masakazu Fujimoto, Yuki Togashi, Ibu Matsuzaki, Satoko Baba, Kengo Takeuchi, Yutaka Inaba, Masatoshi Jinnin, Shin-ichi Murata
Frequent kinase fusions have been reported in spitzoid neoplasms, approximately 10% of which involve ALK rearrangements. Herein, we report a case of atypical Spitz tumor with a novel MLPH-ALK fusion, which has not been previously reported to contribute to cancer development. The tumor was detected in the right arm of a 40-year-old woman. The novel ALK fusion was identified by a 5′-rapid amplification of cDNA ends-based system optimized for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Initially, ALK expression was detected by immunohistochemistry using 5A4 antibodies for both sensitive and conventional polymer detection methods. However, the anti-ALK1 antibody, which is commonly used for the diagnosis of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma, failed to confirm ALK expression. These results indicated that ALK immunohistochemistry results in ALK-rearranged atypical Spitz tumor may differ based on the type of primary antibody clone, which can be a potential diagnostic pitfall.
https://ift.tt/2GCKzrL
EWSR1-NFATC2 Gene Fusion in a Soft Tissue Tumor with Epithelioid Round Cell Morphology and Abundant Stroma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Jarish N. Cohen, Amit J. Sabnis, Gregor Krings, Soo-Jin Cho, Andrew E. Horvai, Jessica L. Davis
SummaryMesenchymal round cell tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms defined by primitive, often high-grade cytomorphology. The most common molecular alterations detected in these tumors are gene rearrangements involving EWSR1 to one of many fusion partners. Rare EWSR1-NFATC2 gene rearrangements, corresponding to a t(20;22) gene translocation, have been described in mesenchymal tumors with clear round cell morphology and a predilection for the skeleton. We present a case of a tumor harboring the EWSR1-NFATC2 gene fusion arising in the subcutaneous tissue of a young woman. The tumor exhibited corded and trabecular architecture of epithelioid cells within abundant myxoid and fibrous stroma. The cells showed strong immunoreactivity for NKX2.2, variable CD99, keratin, and EMA, but were negative for S100 and myoepithelial markers. Importantly, similar to previously reported cases the clinical course was more indolent than that of Ewing sarcoma. This case highlights the distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics of EWSR1-NFATC2 gene fusion-associated neoplasms that distinguish them from Ewing sarcoma.
https://ift.tt/2GB5Ce2
Expanding the Histomorphologic Spectrum of TFE3 Rearranged PEComas
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Nolan Maloney, Krinio Giannikou, Joel Lefferts, Julia A. Bridge, Konstantinos Linos
Perivascular epithelioid tumors (PEComas) are a family of mesenchymal neoplasms that have smooth muscle and melanocytic differentiation. They can be sporadic or associated with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and commonly present in the kidney as angiomyolipoma or in the lung as pulmonary clear cell sugar tumors or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. However, they can present at any visceral or soft tissue site. They usually have a benign clinical course, but rarely can behave in a malignant fashion. Most PEComas demonstrate abnormalities of TSC2, but a recently described subset harbor TFE3 rearrangements that appear to be mutually exclusive of TSC2 alterations. TFE3 rearranged PEComas demonstrate a distinct alveolar morphology that lacks spindle cells and smooth muscle differentiation. Distinction between these may have important therapeutic consequences. Herein, we present a case of a TFE3 rearranged PEComa without the customary morphology that required ancillary investigation with TFE3 immunohistochemistry and break-apart fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for proper categorization.
https://ift.tt/2JkkmjA
Placentas from women with pregnancy-associated venous insufficiency show villi damage with evidence of hypoxic cellular stress
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Natalio García-Honduvilla, Miguel A Ortega, Ángel Asúnsolo, María J Álvarez-Rocha, Beatriz Romero, Juan De León-Luis, Melchor Álvarez- Mon, Julia Buján
Lower extremity venous insufficiency (VI) is a complication of pregnancy. The potential association of this venous disease with structural damage of the placenta has not been described. We analyzed the pattern of histopathological lesions and the gene and protein expression of HIF1-α and apoptosis regulatory proteins. A prospective study was carried out on placenta samples from 43 women with pregnancy-associated VI and 24 age-matched pregnant healthy controls (HC). Women with VI showed a significant increase in the number of villi (150.77±42.55 VI versus 122.13±27.74 HC) and in syncytial knots compared to those found in placentas from HC (67.15±31.08 VI versus 42.49±17.36 HC), and an increase in the number of bridges (32.40±2.67 VI versus 22.73±2.37 HC) (P<.05). The mean number of syncytial nodes per villus is 1.37±0.90 in the VI group and 0.49±0.58 in the HC group (P<.001). Significant increases in the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 and 9 in the placentas from women with VI were observed compared to those found in HC. The expression of HIF-1α at both the mRNA and protein levels was also significantly increased in placentas from women with VI. Our study demonstrates that placentas from women with pregnancy-associated VI show structural remodeling, with an increase in the number of villi and syncytial knots and enhanced apoptotic cellular death. Interestingly, this placental damage is associated with an increased expression of hypoxia-triggered molecular pathways, such as HIF-1α.
https://ift.tt/2Gxhmyf
Pollen and spore monitoring in the world
Ambient air quality monitoring is a governmental duty that is widely carried out in order to detect non-biological ("chemical") components in ambient air, such as particles of
https://ift.tt/2GDK1SA
NGS combined with phylogenetic analysis to detect HIV-1 dual infection in Romanian people who inject drugs
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Bogdan Popescu, Leontina Banica, Ionelia Nicolae, Eugen Radu, Iulia Niculescu, Adrian Abagiu, Dan Otelea, Simona Paraschiv
Dual HIV infections are possible and likely in people who inject drugs (PWID). Thirty-eight newly diagnosed patients, 19 PWID and 19 heterosexually HIV infected were analysed. V2-V3 loop of HIV-1 env gene was sequenced on the NGS platform 454 GSJunior (Roche). HIV-1 dual/multiple infections were identified in five PWID. For three of these patients, the reconstructed variants belonged to pure F1 subtype and CRF14_BG strains according to phylogenetic analysis. New recombinant forms between these parental strains were identified in two PWID samples. NGS data can provide, with the help of phylogenetic analysis, important insights about the intra-host sub-population structure.
https://ift.tt/2q5AsWa
Comparison of the computer–aided articulation therapy application with printed material in children with speech sound disorders
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 109
Author(s): Rana Dural, Özlem Ünal–Logacev
ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to develop an iPad application for computer–aided articulation therapy called the Turkish Articulation Therapy Application (TARTU), and make comparisons between the efficacy of TARTU and printed material.MethodA single subject research design, adapted alternating treatments model, was used for this purpose. The study was carried out with 2 children, at the age of 5; 1 and 5; 11, both of whom have a speech sound disorder. The comparison between TARTU and printed material effectiveness was compared for three target sounds (/k/, /ʃ/ and /l/). 12 therapy sessions were carried out three times a week using the behavioural approach. One participant received therapy targeting the sound /k/ using TARTU, while printed material used for the sound /ʃ/. The targeted sounds were switched for the second participant. Sound /l/ was left without any intervention.ResultThe target sound met the criterion with TARTU in one participant, and with printed material in the other participant.ConclusionThe presentation type of the materials did not play an important role in the success of the therapy on the participants.
https://ift.tt/2GALcSG
Association of Hidradenitis Suppurativa With T Helper 1/T Helper 17 Phenotypes
https://ift.tt/2uKV0Id
Task Shifting in Dermatology—A Call to Action
https://ift.tt/2q5q0Oq
Indoor Tanners as a Priority Population for Skin Cancer Screening
https://ift.tt/2GxkEBH
Prevalence of Delusional Infestation—A Population-Based Study
https://ift.tt/2q3saOG
Atorvastatin in Combination With Narrowband UV-B in Adult Patients With Active Vitiligo
https://ift.tt/2uL4JhD
Task Shifting in Dermatology—A Call to Action—Reply
https://ift.tt/2q5q0ho
Skin Cancer Screening Among Indoor Tanners and Nontanners
https://ift.tt/2GDApY0
Tumour lysis in newborn: spontaneous or secondary to antenatal steroids?
Malignancies are rare in the early neonatal period. Common congenital tumours include malignant teratoma and neuroblastomas. Tumour lysis syndrome is a serious condition usually seen after commencement of chemotherapy for a malignancy. Rare case reports of spontaneous tumour lysis have been reported though not in the newborn period. We report here an instance of tumour lysis syndrome in a newborn with congenital rhabdoid tumour, where the cause was either spontaneous or related to antenatal steroid exposure.
https://ift.tt/2IpjwQY
Surprising cause of a hoarse voice
Description
A 78-year-old woman presented to our otorhinolaryngology clinic with a 5-year history of gradually progressive, worsening dysphonia, associated with some recent weight loss. She denied any dysphagia, odynophagia, otalgia, dyspnoea or neck lumps. She had a significant cardiovascular history and was a non-smoker with no alcohol intake. Using the grade–roughness–breathiness–asthenicity–strain scale, the patient scored a 2/3 for grade and breathiness, 1/3 for roughness and 3/3 for strain. On examination, there was a large left-sided posterior pharyngeal wall swelling occluding most of the oropharynx (figure 1). It was firm, non-pulsatile and non-tender, with a normal overlying mucosal appearance. Flexible nasoendoscopy demonstrated that this swelling extended from the level of the soft palate to just below the level of the epiglottis, with laryngeal displacement to the right. However, there was no airway compression, and the patient had normal, mobile true vocal cords bilaterally. Videolaryngostroboscopy was not possible with...
https://ift.tt/2H8lF47
The burden of allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis on adolescents: a literature review
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Michael S. Blaiss, Eva Hammerby, Susan Robinson, Tessa Kennedy-Martin, Sarah Buchs
ObjectiveTo evaluate the literature regarding the burden of allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) in adolescents (10-19 years).Data SourcesSearches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Health Technology Assessment Database, and National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database for studies evaluating concepts of symptoms, quality of life (QOL), daily activities, sleep, examination performance, school absenteeism and presenteeism, and treatment burden in adolescents with AR or ARC.Study SelectionsEnglish-language journal articles indexed in the last 15 years describing non-interventional population-based studies. Records were assessed by 2 independent reviewers.ResultsA total of 27 articles were identified; outcomes evaluated were: symptoms (n=6 studies), QOL (n=9), daily activities (n=5), emotional aspects (n=3), sleep (n=6), education (n=7), and treatment burden (n=2). AR symptoms rated most bothersome were rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and itchy eyes. QOL was worse in adolescents with AR versus controls regardless of QOL instrument used. Nasal symptoms and nasal obstruction were more likely to be associated with poor QOL in adolescents than in adults or younger children, respectively. Daily functioning and sleep were also negatively impacted by AR. In addition, a detrimental effect on absenteeism, school productivity, and academic performance was reported.ConclusionAlthough AR and ARC are sometimes perceived as trivial conditions, this review indicates that their impact on adolescent life is negative and far-reaching. It is critical that clinicians gain a greater understanding of the unique burden of AR and ARC in adolescents to ensure they receive prompt and appropriate care and treatment in order to improve clinical and academic outcomes.
https://ift.tt/2EjY3Xn
Topical Treatment of Skin Injury Inflicted in Mice by X-Ray Irradiation
Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018;31:175–183
https://ift.tt/2EmWW9y
Cementum Regeneration Using Stem Cells in the Dog Model: A Systematic Review
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2018
Source:Archives of Oral Biology
Author(s): Jacqueline Crossman, Maryam Elyasi, Tarek El-Bialy, Carlos Flores Mir
ObjectiveRestoring lost tissues of the periodontium, such as cementum, is essential in reducing the risk of tooth loss due to periodontitis and/or severe root resorption. Stem cell therapy is a regenerative strategy in cementum regeneration. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of various stem cells and their transplantation method on cementum regeneration in the dog model.MethodsElectronic databases were searched, in addition to performing hand searches and a gray literature search. Titles and abstracts were searched according to the inclusion criteria and full texts were selected to be included in this systematic review. Data was extracted from each article and risk of bias was assessed for individual studies.ResultsMost studies reported that the treatment using a variety of stem cells resulted in significantly greater cementum regeneration.ConclusionsBecause of variations in additional factors included in each study and varied risk of bias among those studies, the effect of each type of stem cell on cementum regeneration in dogs is difficult to clarify. Additional information needs to be obtained from each study in order to further analyze the individual effect of stem cells on cementum regeneration in dogs.
https://ift.tt/2GAQ6z5
Infectious complications in head and neck surgery: Porto Oncology Centre retrospective analysis
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2018
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Miguel Sá Breda, Joaquim Castro Silva, Eurico Monteiro
ObjectiveTo analyze the impact of infectious complications and microbiology in the postoperative period after major oncologic neck surgeries.MethodsA retrospective study conducted in an oncology center, including all the consecutive patients who developed infectious complications after major neck cancer surgery, from October 2012 to May 2016 (44 months). Among other data, we collected TNM stage, ASA score, body mass index, comorbidities and habits, pre and postoperative hemoglobin levels, albumin serum levels, pre-surgical treatments, length of inpatient stay, isolated microbiological agents and the recorded complications and mortality rate.ResultsIn the studied period, 761 major neck surgeries were performed. Of these, 96 patients had complications (12.6%). Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) was the most frequent complication (56%) and nosocomial pneumonia was the most common systemic complication (23%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the principal microorganism of the 26 species isolated (15%). 12 deaths were registered. Using multiple linear regression we concluded that flap/cutaneous necrosis and PCF were complications with statistical significance that prolonged inpatient stay. The same complications had significant relative risk for more than 30 days of hospitalization.ConclusionThe postoperative period is critical for the successful treatment of head and neck oncology patients. PCF and flap/cutaneous necrosis were the principal complications which worsened the outcomes during this critical period. The early recognition and treatment of these complications is crucial.
https://ift.tt/2H7Il4w
Cirugía de rescate en las recidivas locales del carcinoma de nasofaringe
Publication date: Available online 3 April 2018
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): María Cecilia Salom, Fernando López, Esteban Pacheco, Gabriela Muñoz, Patricia García-Cabo, Laura Fernández, Vanessa Suárez, José Luis Llorente
Introducción y objetivosLa quimiorradioterapia es el tratamiento de elección del carcinoma de nasofaringe. Las recurrencias locales son una de las principales causas de mortalidad en estos pacientes: el rescate quirúrgico o la reirradiación son el tratamiento de elección, según la disponibilidad. El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar los resultados de la cirugía de rescate en el tratamiento de las recidivas locales de los carcinomas nasofaríngeos mediante abordajes abiertos vs. endoscópicos.MétodosVeinte pacientes con recidivas locales de carcinomas nasofaríngeos fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente: 12 pacientes fueron intervenidos mediante cirugía abierta y 8 mediante un abordaje endoscópico endonasal transpterigoideo. Un paciente fue estadiado como rT1; 3 como rT2; 2 como rT3 y 6 como rT4 en el grupo de abordajes abiertos; en la serie endoscópica, 2 pacientes fueron rT1, 5 fueron rT2 y uno fue rT3.ResultadosEn 3 de los pacientes (25%) intervenidos mediante cirugía abierta (un rT4, un rT3 y un rT2) no se logró una resección macroscópica completa). En el grupo endoscópico la resección fue completa en todos los pacientes. La tasa de complicaciones en el grupo intervenido mediante abordajes abiertos fue del 92% (5 complicaciones leves, 5 complicaciones moderadas y una complicación grave) y en el grupo intervenido mediante endoscopia fue del 100% (7 sufrieron complicaciones leves y un paciente una complicación grave). La supervivencia a los 3 y 5 años fue del 53 y del 42% en el abordaje abierto y del 100 y del 75% en el abordaje endoscópico, respectivamente.ConclusionesLos abordajes endoscópicos disminuyen la morbilidad asociada a los abordajes abiertos y permiten obtener un control oncológico favorable.Introduction and objectivesChemoradiotherapy is the treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Local recurrences are one of the leading causes of death in these patients, and surgical salvage the treatment of choice. Our goal was to evaluate and compare the results of salvage surgery in the treatment of local recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinomas comparing endoscopic to open approaches.MethodsTwenty patients with local recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinomas underwent surgery: 12 patients underwent open surgery and 8 endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid nasopharyngectomy. One patient was classified as rT1; 3 as rT2;2 as rT3; and 6 as rT4 in the group of open approaches; in the endoscopic series, 2 patients were rT1, 5 rT2 and one rT3.ResultsIn 3 patients (25%) operated by an open approach (one rT4, one rT3 and one rT2) a complete gross resection was not achieved. Gross total resection was achieved in patients operated by endoscopic surgery. The complication rate in the group operated by an open approach was 92% (5 minor complications, 5 moderate complications, and one serious complication) and in the group that underwent endoscopic surgery all patients had some complication (7 had minor complications and one patient developed a severe complication). Survival at 3 and 5 years was 53% and 42% with the open approach and 100% and 50% with the endoscopic approach, respectively.ConclusionsEndoscopic approaches decrease the morbidity associated with open approaches and allow for favourable oncological control.
https://ift.tt/2EjlQGS
Fenómeno de vacío intervertebral: una causa de abombamiento de la pared faríngea
Publication date: Available online 4 April 2018
Source:Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española
Author(s): Luis Gorospe, Rosa María Gómez-García, Juan Martínez San Millán
https://ift.tt/2H8KVay
upper respiratory tract infection; +23 new citations
23 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:
upper respiratory tract infection
These pubmed results were generated on 2018/04/04
PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://ift.tt/2GAK7dF
Melanoma of the Face and Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Nationwide Mortality Data Analysis
BACKGROUND Although Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), narrow margin excision (NME), and wide margin excision (WME) are commonly used to treat melanoma of the face, there is a paucity of data comparing mortality outcomes for each method. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between surgical method used to treat cutaneous melanoma of the face and patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries for patients diagnosed with melanoma of the face between 2003 and 2012 was conducted. RESULTS The authors query resulted in 43,443 records. Patients with melanoma were more likely to undergo NME (57.79%) than WME (27.86%) or MMS (14.36%). Overall 5-year risk of death was higher with WME (hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.23; p = .043) and NME (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00–1.20; p = .046) relative to MMS after adjusting for patient demographics, residence socioeconomic factors, and tumor characteristics. No statistically significant difference in melanoma-specific mortality was found between different surgical methods on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Patients with melanoma of the face treated with MMS had similar melanoma-specific mortality or overall survival outcome as patients treated by other surgical modalities.https://ift.tt/2GAVW7C
Delayed Paleness After Hyaluronic Acid Filler Injection: A Warning Sign of Vascular Compromise
No abstract availablehttps://ift.tt/2q3sWdm
Impact of National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines on Case Selection and Outcomes for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Thin Melanoma
BACKGROUND In 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommended sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for thin melanomas ≤1 mm with mitotic rate (MR) ≥1. In 2016, the criteria were changed to Breslow depth >0.75 mm and MR ≥1. OBJECTIVE To compare the impact of 2010 and 2016 NCCN guidelines on SLNB case selection and thin melanoma outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten-year retrospective cohort of primary thin melanomas at an academic hospital was retroactively stratified for SLNB eligibility using the 2010 and 2016 NCCN guidelines. Nodal recurrence-free survival (NRFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared. RESULTS Eight hundred two patients with 859 tumors and median follow-up of 79 months were included. Eleven percent fewer tumors qualified for SLNB under 2016 versus 2010 NCCN guidelines (19% vs 8%, phttps://ift.tt/2Jg3aeS
Primary Cutaneous Cribriform Carcinoma Treated With Mohs Micrographic Surgery
No abstract availablehttps://ift.tt/2EgYMIJ
Endoscopic management of maxillary sinus inverted papilloma attachment sites to minimize disease recurrence
Inverted papillomas (IPs) are benign neoplasms, most commonly arising from the mucosal lining of the maxillary sinus. IPs can have single or multifocal sites of attachment. Although pedicle location is an impo...
https://ift.tt/2uQrYqS
Use of Hypochlorous Acid as a Preoperative Antiseptic Before Placement of Dermal Fillers: An Alternative to the Standard Options
No abstract availablehttps://ift.tt/2EjtL73