Although total IgE levels have been proposed as a biomarker for disease severity in atopic dermatitis (AD) and are increased in the majority of AD patients, they do not correlate with disease severity during s...
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Τρίτη 6 Δεκεμβρίου 2016
Immunoglobulin free light chains in adult atopic dermatitis patients do not correlate with disease severity
Immunoglobulin free light chains in adult atopic dermatitis patients do not correlate with disease severity
Although total IgE levels have been proposed as a biomarker for disease severity in atopic dermatitis (AD) and are increased in the majority of AD patients, they do not correlate with disease severity during s...
http://ift.tt/2gPz1r1
Development of a Sensitive Luciferase-Based Sandwich ELISA System for the Detection of Human Extracellular Matrix 1 Protein
Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Generation of Domain-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Against Human Glutaredoxin3
Monoclonal Antibodies in Immunodiagnosis and Immunotherapy , Vol. 0, No. 0.
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Table of Contents
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Volume 101, Issue 12, Page 5A-13A, December 2016.
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Back Matter
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Volume 101, Issue 12, December 2016.
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In Memoriam: Melvin M. Grumbach (1925–2016)
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Volume 101, Issue 12, Page 4497-4499, December 2016.
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Cover and Front Matter
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Volume 101, Issue 12, December 2016.
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Letter to the Editor: Obesity Severity and Duration Are Associated With Incident Metabolic Syndrome: Evidence Against Metabolically Healthy Obesity From the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Volume 101, Issue 12, Page L112-L113, December 2016.
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Editorial Board
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &Metabolism, Volume 101, Issue 12, Page 1A-1A, December 2016.
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A comparison of scapulothoracic muscle electromyographic activity in subjects with and without subacromial impingement syndrome during a functional task
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Kh Ayatollahi, F. Okhovatian, K.K. Kalantari, A. Akbarzade Baghban
Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) is the common cause of shoulder pain and disability and the individuals suffering from it are usually in different levels of physical activity covering an extensive age range. In spite of limited scientific evidence for an altered motor pattern in the shoulder muscles of patients with SIS, they are frequently referred to physiotherapists in an attempt to optimize coordination and strength of the affected muscles. The aim of this study was to compare scapular muscle activity in a general population of subjects with and without SIS during an arm elevation task executed at different speeds in two load conditions. The study is that of a comparative observational using a simple convenience sampling method, comprising 8 females (31.63±9.39) with SIS and 10 females (29.10±6.57) without SIS, matched in terms of age, body mass index (BMI) and levels of physical activity. The surface EMG (SEMG) of all the trapezius muscles, i.e., -upper fibers (UT), middle fibers (MT), and lower fibers (LT) serratus anterior (SA), and middle deltoid were recorded during shoulder elevation in a scapular plane at three speeds (slow, moderate, and fast) and two load conditions (with and without load). Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and three-factor repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni method for paired comparisons. The EMG tests results in muscle activities revealed no significant differences between the two groups at three speeds, and with and without load. The findings do not support the claim that SIS necessarily accompanies changes in scapula thoracic and glenohumeral muscle activity.
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Creatine kinase as a marker of obesity in a multi-ethnic population
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 442
Author(s): Yentl C. Haan, Inge Oudman, Frederieke S. Diemer, Fares A. Karamat, Irene G. van Valkengoed, Gert A. van Montfrans, Lizzy M. Brewster
ObjectiveCreatine kinase (CK), the central regulatory enzyme of energy metabolism, is particularly high in type II skeletal muscle fibers, which are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. As resting plasma CK is mainly derived from skeletal muscle, we assessed whether plasma CK is associated with markers of obesity.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed a random sample of the multi-ethnic population of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, consisting of 1444 subjects aged 34–60 years. The primary outcome was the independent association between plasma CK after rest and waist circumference. Other outcomes included waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index.ResultsMean waist circumference increased from the first through the third CK tertile, respectively 90.3 (SD 13.4), 93.2 (SD 14.3), and 94.4 (SD 13.3) cm (p < 0.001 for differences between tertiles). The increase in waist circumference was 8.91 (95% CI 5.35 to 12.47) cm per log CK increase after adjustment for age, sex, African ethnicity, educational level, physical activity and plasma creatinine. Similarly, CK was independently associated with waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index, with an increase of respectively 0.05 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.07) and 3.6 (95% CI 2.3 to 5.0) kg/m2 per log CK increase.ConclusionsPlasma CK is independently associated with measures of obesity in a multi-ethnic population. This is in line with the central role of type II skeletal muscle fibers in energy metabolism and obesity. Prospective studies should assess whether resting plasma CK could be an easy accessible marker of CK rich type II fiber predominance that helps identify individuals at risk for obesity.
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Fluoxetine and its active metabolite norfluoxetine disrupt estrogen synthesis in a co-culture model of the feto-placental unit
Publication date: 15 February 2017
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Volume 442
Author(s): Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault, Laetitia Laurent, Sung Vo Duy, Sébastien Sauvé, Patrick Caron, Chantal Guillemette, J. Thomas Sanderson, Cathy Vaillancourt
The effects of fluoxetine, one of the most prescribed selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy, and its active metabolite norfluoxetine were studied on placental aromatase (CYP19) and feto-placental steroidogenesis. Fluoxetine did not alter estrogen secretion in co-culture of fetal-like adrenocortical (H295R) and trophoblast-like (BeWo) cells used as a model of the feto-placental unit, although it induced CYP19 activity, apparently mediated by the serotonin (5-HT)2A receptor/PKC signaling pathway. Norfluoxetine decreased estrogen secretion in the feto-placental co-culture and competitively inhibited catalytic CYP19 activity in BeWo cells. Decreased serotonin transporter (SERT) activity in the co-culture was comparable to 17β-estradiol treatment of BeWo cells. This work shows that the complex interaction of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine with placental estrogen production, involves 5-HT-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Considering the crucial role of estrogens during pregnancy, our results raise concern about the impact of SSRI treatment on placental function and fetal health.
Graphical abstract
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Local allergic rhinitis: entopy or spontaneous response?
The existence of a local allergic rhintis was proposed on the basis of the detection of nasal IgE in the absence of a systemic sensitization. Nevertheless, the significance of this phenomenon remains still unc...
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Treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) with ultrasonic piezoelectric bone surgery. A case series of 20 treated sites
Abstract
Purpose
There is no consensus on how to successfully treat medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). We report here on the application of piezoelectric bone surgery to treat MRONJ in combination with antibiotherapy and on its possible benefit.
Materiel and methods
A cohort of 18 consecutive patients has been treated for MRONJ; they involved 20 sites, 15 in the mandible, and five in the maxilla. Surgical removal of the necrotic areas and debridement was performed with a powerful piezoelectric surgery device (max 90 W) in combination with antibiotherapy.
Results
All patients healed and obtained a complete soft tissue closure within 1 month. No recurrence of the symptoms was observed during the present follow-up (10–54 months).
Conclusion
We hypothesize that healing of all treated sites might have resulted from the synergic effect of bone ablation, biofilm alteration, and antibiotic administration. Biofilm alteration might have permitted a better access of antibiotics to the involved germs. These encouraging results warrant further studies on the use of ultrasonic surgery to treat MRONJ patients in order to confirm or refute the hypothesized effect.
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Vertiginous crisis following temporomandibular joint athrocentesis: a case report
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis and arthroscopy have recently exceeded open surgeries for disorders that failed to respond to conservative treatment. The efficacy of arthrocentesis in reestablishing normal mouth opening and reducing pain and dysfunctions is now commonly accepted, but in contrast to arthroscopy, there are no large series studies on arthrocentesis complications. We report the major complication occurred in our experience: a case of a patient that complained of a violent vertigo, without hearing disorders, following the procedure.
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GnRH neuron activity and pituitary response in estradiol-induced vs proestrous luteinizing hormone surges in female mice
Endocrinology, Early Release.
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Type 3 Deiodinase Role on Central Thyroid Hormone Action Affects the Leptin-Melanocortin System and Circadian Activity
Endocrinology, Early Release.
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Les lésions précancéreuses épithéliales buccales
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): C. Renaud-Vilmer, B. Cavelier-Balloy
Les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la cavité buccale et des lèvres ont toujours une incidence élevée (cinquième cancer le plus fréquent en France) et restent de pronostic sévère, en particulier du fait de leur diagnostic tardif. Ces carcinomes surviendraient dans 10 à 80 % des cas, selon les études, sur une lésion préexistante ou précancéreuse. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) recommande d'adopter pour ces lésions deux termes : les lésions « précurseurs » correspondant aux lésions histologiques de néoplasie intra-épithéliale (NIE) et aux hyperplasies épithéliales verruqueuses (HEV), et se traduisant souvent cliniquement par une leucoplasie ou une érythroplasie ; les lésions à « risque » au sein desquelles se situent le lichen plan, la fibrose orale sous-muqueuse et certaines génodermatoses.Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and lips consistently have a high incidence (they constitute the fifth most common form of cancer in France) and carry a heavy prognosis, particularly if diagnosed late. According to different studies, between 10 and 80% of such carcinomas occur in a pre-existing or precancerous lesion. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of two terms for such lesions: precursor lesions, i.e. histological lesions associated with intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) and verrucous hyperplasia (VH), frequently resulting clinically in leukoplakia or erythroplakia; "at risk" lesions, which include lichen planus, submucosal oral fibrosis and certain forms of genodermatosis.
http://ift.tt/2heliXO
Les lésions précancéreuses épithéliales buccales
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): C. Renaud-Vilmer, B. Cavelier-Balloy
Les carcinomes épidermoïdes de la cavité buccale et des lèvres ont toujours une incidence élevée (cinquième cancer le plus fréquent en France) et restent de pronostic sévère, en particulier du fait de leur diagnostic tardif. Ces carcinomes surviendraient dans 10 à 80 % des cas, selon les études, sur une lésion préexistante ou précancéreuse. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) recommande d'adopter pour ces lésions deux termes : les lésions « précurseurs » correspondant aux lésions histologiques de néoplasie intra-épithéliale (NIE) et aux hyperplasies épithéliales verruqueuses (HEV), et se traduisant souvent cliniquement par une leucoplasie ou une érythroplasie ; les lésions à « risque » au sein desquelles se situent le lichen plan, la fibrose orale sous-muqueuse et certaines génodermatoses.Squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and lips consistently have a high incidence (they constitute the fifth most common form of cancer in France) and carry a heavy prognosis, particularly if diagnosed late. According to different studies, between 10 and 80% of such carcinomas occur in a pre-existing or precancerous lesion. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the use of two terms for such lesions: precursor lesions, i.e. histological lesions associated with intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) and verrucous hyperplasia (VH), frequently resulting clinically in leukoplakia or erythroplakia; "at risk" lesions, which include lichen planus, submucosal oral fibrosis and certain forms of genodermatosis.
http://ift.tt/2heliXO
Antigen recognition-triggered drug delivery mediated by nanocapsule-functionalized cytotoxic T-cells
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 117
Author(s): R. Brad Jones, Stephanie Mueller, Sudha Kumari, Vlad Vrbanac, Shy Genel, Andrew M. Tager, Todd M. Allen, Bruce D. Walker, Darrell J. Irvine
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTLs) kill pathogen-infected or transformed cells following interaction of their T-cell receptors (TCRs) with foreign (e.g. virus-derived) peptides bound to MHC-I molecules on the target cell. TCR binding triggers CTLs to secrete perforin, which forms pores in the target cell membrane, promoting target death. Here, we show that by conjugating drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles to the surface of CTLs, their lytic machinery can be co-opted to lyse the cell-bound drug carrier, providing triggered release of drug cargo upon target cell recognition. Protein encapsulated in T-cell-bound nanoparticles was released following culture of CTLs with target cells in an antigen dose- and perforin-dependent manner and coincided with target cell lysis. Using this approach, we demonstrate the capacity of HIV-specific CTLs to deliver an immunotherapeutic agent to an anatomical site of viral replication. This strategy provides a novel means to couple drug delivery to the action of therapeutic cells in vivo.
http://ift.tt/2gOIRcK
Local allergic rhinitis: entopy or spontaneous response?
The existence of a local allergic rhintis was proposed on the basis of the detection of nasal IgE in the absence of a systemic sensitization. Nevertheless, the significance of this phenomenon remains still unc...
http://ift.tt/2gOOCqC
Local allergic rhinitis: entopy or spontaneous response?
The existence of a local allergic rhintis was proposed on the basis of the detection of nasal IgE in the absence of a systemic sensitization. Nevertheless, the significance of this phenomenon remains still unc...
http://ift.tt/2gOOCqC
Imaging of Cystic Renal Masses
Publication date: Available online 6 December 2016
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America
Author(s): Nicole M. Hindman
Teaser
This article provides an updated review on the imaging evaluation of cystic renal masses with focus on the Bosniak classification system, discusses current imaging techniques for evaluating these lesions, reviews benign and malignant etiologies of cystic renal masses, describes pitfalls in the evaluation of these lesions, and discusses current and future directions in the management of cystic renal masses.http://ift.tt/2hepVFp
Adsorptive properties of alluvial soil for arsenic(V) and its potential for protection of the shallow groundwater among Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan cities, China
Abstract
The study area is among Changsha, Zhuzhou, and Xiangtan cities, which was under agricultural use and natural conditions about 10 years ago and now is becoming part of the metropolis because of the urban expansion. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms and capabilities of the local alluvial soil layer for protecting the local shallow groundwater from arsenic pollution by field surveys and batch experiments. The field surveys showed that there was an acidic tendency of the groundwater, and phosphate, nitrate, and arsenic in the groundwater significantly increased comparing to their reference values. It indicates that the disturbance of the former agricultural land due to the change of land use may be responsible for these changes. From the experimental results, the maximum adsorption capacity of the soil for As(V) was as low as 0.334 mg/g, and lower As(V) adsorption capacities were obtained at higher As(V) concentration, higher pH, and lower temperature. The presence of H2PO4− and SiO32− posed negative, while HCO3− slight positive, and SO42−, NO3− and Cl− negligible influences on the As(V) adsorption. The surface-derived organic matter played a negative role in the adsorption process, and low specific surface area influenced adsorption capacity of the soil. The study reveals that the local soil layer shows poor potential for protection of the local shallow groundwater from As(V) pollution, and the change trends of the groundwater environments due to more intensive anthropogenic activities will further weaken this potential and increase the risk of the groundwater contamination.
http://ift.tt/2gOCgyZ
Effect of wave-current interactions on sediment resuspension in large shallow Lake Taihu, China
Abstract
The disturbance of the water-sediment interface by wind-driven currents and waves plays a critical role in sediment resuspension and internal nutrient release in large, shallow lakes. This study analyzed the effects of the interactions between wind-induced currents an1d waves on the driving mechanism of sediment resuspension in Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake in China, using acoustic and optic techniques to collect long-term, high-frequency, synchronous in situ measurements of wind, currents, waves, and suspended solid concentrations (SSCs). The results suggested that water turbidity started to increase at wind speeds of approximately 4 m/s and significantly increased when wind speeds exceeded 6 m/s. In most cases, wind-induced waves were the main energy source for changes in turbidity. Wave-generated shear stress contributed more than 95% to sediment resuspension and that only in weak wind conditions (<4 m/s) did the lake bottom shear stresses generated by currents and waves contributed equally. The relationship between SSC and bottom shear stress generated by wave was established by fitting the observed results. The processes of sediment dynamics were divided into four stages (A through D) according to three shear-stress thresholds. In stage A, SSC remained stable (about 45 mg/L) and τw was less than 0.02 N/m2. In stage B, the sediment bed was starting to be activated (SSC 45∼60 mg/L) and τw was in the range of 0.02∼0.07 N/m2. In stage C, a medium amount of sediment was suspended (SSC 60∼150 mg/L) and τw ranged from 0.07 to 0.3 N/m2. In stage D, large amount of sediment was suspended (SSC 150∼300 mg/L) and τw was larger than 0.3 N/m2. The findings of this paper reveal the driving mechanism of sediment resuspension, which may further help to evaluate internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu.
http://ift.tt/2he72hR
Thoracic outlet syndrome: evaluation of clinical features and long-term outcomes after escalenotomy
Abstract
Background
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a very complicated and diverse pathology including a range of symptoms related to the upper limb, neck, head, and other symptoms. This study was aimed to evaluate the long-term results of anterior scalenotomy in patients with TOS.
Methods
We examined patients that were operated on 2007–2011. The rate of symptoms was evaluated from medical records. Changes in pain, tactile sensation, strength of a handgrip, muscle wasting and patient's satisfaction were evaluated postoperatively.
Results
Seventy-seven patients returned to follow-up evaluation (23 patients were treated for bilateral plexopathy). The mean follow-up was 50.3 months. Preoperative complaints (%) were as follows: upper extremity pain (93.0), numbness/paresthesia (93.7), decrease in hand strength (90.0) and headaches (53.8). Postoperatively, upper extremity pain disappeared in 81.7, numbness in 86.7 and headaches in 42.9 % of cases. Hand strength increased from 16.1 to 19.68 kg on average. Patients' satisfaction with the results was evaluated as (%) follows: excellent (50.0), good (33.0), fair (15.0) and poor (2.0).
Conclusions
Anterior scalenotomy is an effective operative method to treat TOS.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
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Effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming, passive ultrasonic, and sonic irrigation techniques on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: a confocal microscopic study
Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of different irrigation techniques including laser-activated irrigation using an erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser with a novel tip design (photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS)), Er:YAG laser with Preciso tip, sonic activation, and passive ultrasonic activation on the final irrigation solution penetration into dentinal tubules by using a laser scanning confocal microscope.
Material and methods
In this study, 65 extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented up to size 40 and randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 13) based on the activation technique of the final irrigation solution as follows: conventional irrigation (control group), sonic activation, passive ultrasonic activation, Er:YAG-PIPS tip activation, and Er:YAG-Preciso tip activation. In each group, 5 mL of 5% NaOCl labeled with fluorescent dye was used during the activation as the final irrigation solution. Specimens were sectioned at 2.5 and 8 mm from the apex and then examined under a confocal microscope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration area. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (P = 0.05).
Results
Both Er:YAG laser (Preciso/PIPS) activations exhibited a significantly higher penetration area than the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, passive ultrasonic activation had significantly higher penetration than the sonic activation group and the control group. Statistically significant differences were also found between each root canal third (coronal > middle > apical) (P < 0.001).
Conclusions
The results from the present study support the use of Er:YAG laser activation (Preciso/PIPS) to improve the effectiveness of the final irrigation procedure by increasing the irrigant penetration area into the dentinal tubules.
Clinical relevance
The activation of the irrigant and the creation of the streaming with the Er:YAG laser have a positive effect on the irrigant penetration.
http://ift.tt/2h2h9tj
Leukoencephalopathy with 6p25 deletion
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Galen N. Breningstall, Richard Patterson, Betsy Hirsch, Bridget Doyle
http://ift.tt/2hdI4Pm
Stereotactic ablative body radiosurgery (SABR) or Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
Author(s): Michael R. Folkert, Robert D. Timmerman
While conventional treatment relies on protracted courses of therapy using relatively small dose-per-fraction sizes of 1.8–2Gy, there is substantial evidence gathered over decades that this may not be the optimal approach for all targetable disease. Stereotactic ablative body radiosurgery (SABR) or stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a technique which uses precise targeting to deliver high doses of radiation capable of ablating tumors directly. In this review, we will discuss the justification for and techniques used to deliver ablative doses to improve treatment outcomes, interactions with biological and immunologic therapy, and special procedures to spare normal tissue, which have facilitated the expanding role for these techniques in the management of a wide range of malignant histologies and disease states.
Graphical abstract
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A Case for Sec61 Channel Involvement in ERAD
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Author(s): Karin Römisch
Proteins that misfold in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) need to be transported back to the cytosol for degradation by proteasomes, a process known as ER-associated degradation (ERAD). The first candidate discussed as a retrograde protein transport conduit was the Sec61 channel which is responsible for secretory protein transport into the ER during biogenesis. The Sec61 channel binds the proteasome 19S regulatory particle which can extract an ERAD substrate from the ER. Nevertheless its role as a general export channel has been dismissed, and Hrd1 and Der1 have been proposed as alternatives. The discovery of export-specific sec61 mutants and of mammalian ERAD substrates whose export is dependent on the 19S regulatory particle suggest that dismissal of a role of Sec61 in export may have been premature.
http://ift.tt/2gNTPz6
Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Mediated Programmed Necrotic Cell Death
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Author(s): Jianjin Shi, Wenqing Gao, Feng Shao
Pyroptosis was long regarded as caspase-1-mediated monocyte death in response to certain bacterial insults. Caspase-1 is activated upon various infectious and immunological challenges through different inflammasomes. The discovery of caspase-11/4/5 function in sensing intracellular lipopolysaccharide expands the spectrum of pyroptosis mediators and also reveals that pyroptosis is not cell type specific. Recent studies identified the pyroptosis executioner, gasdermin D (GSDMD), a substrate of both caspase-1 and caspase-11/4/5. GSDMD represents a large gasdermin family bearing a novel membrane pore-forming activity. Thus, pyroptosis is redefined as gasdermin-mediated programmed necrosis. Gasdermins are associated with various genetic diseases, but their cellular function and mechanism of activation (except for GSDMD) are unknown. The gasdermin family suggests a new area of research on pyroptosis function in immunity, disease, and beyond.
http://ift.tt/2g7dZ3d
Beneficial effect of low-level laser therapy in acute lung injury after i-I/R is dependent on the secretion of IL-10 and independent of the TLR/MyD88 signaling
Abstract
The use of low-level laser for lung inflammation treatment has been evidenced in animal studies as well as clinical trials. The laser action mechanism seems to involve downregulation of neutrophil chemoattractants and transcription factors. Innate immune responses against microorganisms may be mediated by toll-like receptors (TLR). Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (i-I/R) lead to bacterial product translocation, such as endotoxin, which consequently activates TLRs leading to intestinal and lung inflammation after gut trauma. Thus, the target of this study was to investigate the role of TLR activation in the laser (660 nm, 30 mW, 67.5 J/cm2, 0.375 mW/cm2, 5.4 J, 180 s, and spot size with 0.08 cm2) effect applied in contact with the skin on axillary lymph node in lung inflammation induced by i-I/R through a signaling adaptor protein known as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). It is a quantitative, experimental, and laboratory research using the C57Bl/6 and MyD88−/− mice (n = 6 mice for experimental group). Statistical differences were evaluated by ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test to determine differences among groups. In order to understand how the absence of MyD88 can interfere in the laser effect on lung inflammation, MyD88−/− mice were treated or not with laser and subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery (45 min) followed by intestinal reperfusion (4 h). In summary, the laser decreased the MPO activity and the lung vascular permeability, thickened the alveolar septa, reduced both the edema and the alveolar hemorrhage, as well as significantly decreased neutrophils infiltration in MyD88-deficient mice as well in wild-type mice. It noted a downregulation in chemokine IL-8 production as well as a cytokine IL-10 upregulation in these animals. The results also evidenced that in absence of IL-10, the laser effect is reversed. Based on these results, we suggest that the beneficial effect of laser in acute lung injury after i-I/R is dependent on the secretion of IL-10 and independent of the TLR/MyD88 signaling.
http://ift.tt/2g778qB
The influence of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – hypermobility type, on motherhood: A phenomenological, hermeneutical study
Publication date: January 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 60
Author(s): Stijn De Baets, Marieke Vanhalst, Marieke Coussens, Lies Rombaut, Fransiska Malfait, Geert Van Hove, Patrick Calders, Guy Vanderstraeten, Dominique van de Velde
BackgroundThe consequences of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type (EDS-HT) affect many aspects of daily life. "Living with limitations" is a central theme in the life of patients affected by this heritable disorder of connective tissue. The aim of the present study was to explore the lived experiences of women with EDS-HT concerning diagnosis, influence on daily life and becoming and being a mother.MethodA phenomenological-hermeneutical study, using in-depth interviews. Patients were selected by a purposive sampling strategy.ResultsThis study shows that the EDS-HT syndrome affects daily life. Ten woman between 31 and 65 years were interviewed. They have between 2 and 5 children. The data analysis results in six themes. (1) Getting a diagnosis is a relief and supports the choice to become a mother; (2) EDS-HT causes emotional distress, imposes a physical burden and has a major impact on social behavior; (3) EDS-HT demands a restructuring of everyday activities; (4) Children's and mothers' expectations do not correspond; (5) Having a supportive social and physical environment is of major importance; (6) The presence of the child reduces the feeling of illness of the mother.ConclusionThe diagnosis of EDS-HT is a catalysing factor in the choice of whether or not to become a mother. EDS-HT has a huge impact on bodily functions, which in turn influences activities and participation.ImplicationsThis study gives insight in the activities of daily life of persons with EDS-HT. Health care professionals can be of great importance to help patients in (re)organizing their lives according to the available energy and in supporting their choices. They can help defining goals and setting priorities in daily life.
http://ift.tt/2g6g3NB
Implicit and explicit motor sequence learning in children born very preterm
Publication date: January 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 60
Author(s): Marjolein Jongbloed-Pereboom, Anjo J.W.M. Janssen, K. Steiner, Bert Steenbergen, Maria W.G. Nijhuis-van der Sanden
BackgroundMotor skills can be learned explicitly (dependent on working memory (WM)) or implicitly (relatively independent of WM). Children born very preterm (VPT) often have working memory deficits. Explicit learning may be compromised in these children.AimsThis study investigated implicit and explicit motor learning and the role of working memory in VPT children and controls.MethodsThree groups (6–9 years) participated: 20 VPT children with motor problems, 20 VPT children without motor problems, and 20 controls. A nine button sequence was learned implicitly (pressing the lighted button as quickly as possible) and explicitly (discovering the sequence via trial-and-error).ResultsChildren learned implicitly and explicitly, evidenced by decreased movement duration of the sequence over time. In the explicit condition, children also reduced the number of errors over time. Controls made more errors than VPT children without motor problems. Visual WM had positive effects on both explicit and implicit performance.ConclusionVPT birth and low motor proficiency did not negatively affect implicit or explicit learning. Visual WM was positively related to both implicit and explicit performance, but did not influence learning curves. These findings question the theoretical difference between implicit and explicit learning and the proposed role of visual WM therein.
http://ift.tt/2g6cc33
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates T cell activity through Vav1/Rac pathway
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 81
Author(s): Runmei Li, Hui Li, Qian Sun, Liang Liu, Chen Zhang, Xiubao Ren
The immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses T-cell responses and promotes immune tolerance in tumor resistance. A previous study determined that IDO inhibits Vav1 mRNA expression and the activation of Vav1 and its downstream targets in T cells in the guanine exchange factor (GEF)-independent pathway. The current study aims to determine whether IDO induces T-cell immunosuppression through Vav1/Rac signaling pathway, which is a GEF-dependent pathway. The correlation between Vav1 mRNA expressions in T cells of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of IDO expression in lung cancer tissues from lung cancer patients was detected. HEK293 cells were stably transfected with human IDO (HEK293-IDO). T cells were isolated from human blood. HEK293-IDO cells were co-incubated with T cells in the presence or absence of an anti-CD3 antibody to activate T cell receptor (TCR) and/or 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT) to inhibit IDO activity. The early signaling proteins in T-cytoskeleton regulation through Vav1/Rac pathway of T cell were determined. A significant and negative correlation was observed between IDO and Vav1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. IDO, which was produced by HEK293-IDO cells, significantly inhibited the expression of Vav1, which resulted in defective F-actin reorganization. Thus, TCR signaling initiation was damaged. The effects on T-cells induced by the co-culture of HEK293-IDO cells with T cells were attenuated by 1-MT. Results indicate that the inhibitory effects of IDO on T cell immune responses may occur through the down-regulation of Vav1 protein expression and the suppression of Vav1/Rac cascade. These studies provide insight into the mechanisms of immune escape induced by IDO.
http://ift.tt/2g604z7
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates T cell activity through Vav1/Rac pathway
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 81
Author(s): Runmei Li, Hui Li, Qian Sun, Liang Liu, Chen Zhang, Xiubao Ren
The immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses T-cell responses and promotes immune tolerance in tumor resistance. A previous study determined that IDO inhibits Vav1 mRNA expression and the activation of Vav1 and its downstream targets in T cells in the guanine exchange factor (GEF)-independent pathway. The current study aims to determine whether IDO induces T-cell immunosuppression through Vav1/Rac signaling pathway, which is a GEF-dependent pathway. The correlation between Vav1 mRNA expressions in T cells of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of IDO expression in lung cancer tissues from lung cancer patients was detected. HEK293 cells were stably transfected with human IDO (HEK293-IDO). T cells were isolated from human blood. HEK293-IDO cells were co-incubated with T cells in the presence or absence of an anti-CD3 antibody to activate T cell receptor (TCR) and/or 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT) to inhibit IDO activity. The early signaling proteins in T-cytoskeleton regulation through Vav1/Rac pathway of T cell were determined. A significant and negative correlation was observed between IDO and Vav1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. IDO, which was produced by HEK293-IDO cells, significantly inhibited the expression of Vav1, which resulted in defective F-actin reorganization. Thus, TCR signaling initiation was damaged. The effects on T-cells induced by the co-culture of HEK293-IDO cells with T cells were attenuated by 1-MT. Results indicate that the inhibitory effects of IDO on T cell immune responses may occur through the down-regulation of Vav1 protein expression and the suppression of Vav1/Rac cascade. These studies provide insight into the mechanisms of immune escape induced by IDO.
http://ift.tt/2g604z7
Trend analysis of CO2 and CH4 recorded at a semi-natural site in the northern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 151
Author(s): Isidro A. Pérez, M. Luisa Sánchez, M. Ángeles García, Nuria Pardo
CO2 and CH4 were recorded from October 2010 to February 2016 with a Picarro G1301 analyser at the centre of the upper plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. Large CO2 values were observed during the vegetation growing season, and were reinforced by the stable boundary layer during the night. Annual CH4 evolution may be explained by ecosystem activity and by the dispersion linked with the evolution of the boundary layer. Their trends were studied using an equation that considers one polynomial and one harmonic part. The polynomial part revealed an increasing trend from 0.8 to 2.3 ppm year−1 for CO2 and from 0.004 to 0.011 ppm year−1 for CH4. The harmonic part considered four harmonics whose amplitudes were noticeable for the first and second harmonics for CO2 and for the first harmonic for CH4. Long-term evolution was similar with alternative equations. Finally, seasonal study indicated summer minima for both gases, which may be explained by the lack of vegetation in this season. Harmonic analysis showed two maxima for CO2, one in spring linked with vegetation growth, which decreased with time, and another in autumn related with the onset of plant activity after the summer, which increased with time. CH4 presented only one maximum in winter and a short time with steady concentration in spring where the evolution of the boundary layer may play a noticeable role. The harmonic equation, which takes into account all the observations, revealed opposite behaviour between CO2, whose minima decreased, and CH4, whose maxima increased.
http://ift.tt/2gNgDz3
Commentary on: “The DanCavas Pilot Study of Multifaceted Screening for Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Men and Women Aged 65–74 Years”
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): J.T. Powell
http://ift.tt/2h27bFY
Improved Cognitive and Memory Abilities in a Patient With Alzheimer’s Disease Treated with Activated Immune Cells: Immune Cell Therapy May Benefit More Ad Patients
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Medical Hypotheses
Author(s): B. Laumbacher, B. Fellerhoff-Loesch, R. Wank
So far, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been clarified, nor has patient therapy been satisfactory. Although inheritance dominates the less frequent early-onset AD in young and middle-aged individuals, environmental and immunogenetic factors have been identified in the most frequently occurring late-onset AD of higher-aged individuals, comprising 90% of AD patients. Thorough investigations have detected a prevalence of certain microbes which are known to affect brain activities in the brains of AD patients. This microbial prevalence suggests failing immune responses by immune gene variants against specific microbes. In fact, some immune gene variants have been detected significantly more often in AD patients. Failing immune responses can be corrected by activating immune cells outside the body ("in vitro") for the subsequent therapeutical injections. Activated immune cells digest and present microbial peptides better and differentiate naïve/resting immune cells to powerful effector cells, which can be used for therapy. The patient's activated immune cells can pass the blood–brain barrier and overcome chronic infections in the brain. Furthermore, activated immune cells can secrete a series of neurotrophins for the restoration of neuronal circuits. Based on the encouraging results of immunotherapy in a patient with late-onset AD, we hypothesize that therapy with the patient́s activated immune cells would safely benefit many AD patients.
http://ift.tt/2hcLxO2
Effects of ovarian ablation or suppression in premenopausal breast cancer: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
Author(s): Pan Zhang, Chang-Zai Li, Gui-Mei Jiao, Jin-Ji Zhang, Hui-Ping Zhao, Feng Yan, Shi-Feng Jia, Bao-Shan Hu, Chun-Tao Wu
BackgroundThe effect of ovarian ablation or suppression (OAS) in premenopausal women with breast cancer is controversial. In this study, the overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and adverse event of OAS versus no OAS were compared.MethodsA literature review of EMBASE, Web of Science, PUBMED, and Cochrane Library were conducted. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OS and DFS, as well as risk ratio (RR) and 95% CI for adverse events were evaluated. I-squared statistic (I2) represents heterogeneity. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the data.ResultsTwenty-nine studies with a total of 21249 women were included. In premenopausal women aged 40 years or younger, there were significant differences in OS (HR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.94, P=0.008, I2=0%) and DFS (HR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73–0.97, P=0.02, I2=0%) between OAS and no OAS. In advanced stage breast cancer, a significant difference was found in OS (HR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.60–0.96, P=0.02, I2=0%), but there was no significant difference in DFS (HR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.50–1.33, P=0.41), with significant heterogeneity (P=0.16, I2=50%). Patients treated with OAS had more chances to have hot flushes (RR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.62–2.26, p<0.01, I2=0%) and vaginal dryness (RR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08–1.31, P=0.0003, I2=0%). No significant difference in depression (RR 1.28, 95% CI: 0.94–1.74, P=0.12, I2=0%).ConclusionsThe study shows that OAS plays a beneficial role in premenopausal women aged40 years or younger and advanced stage breast cancer. However, OAS is associated with increase in hot flushes and vaginal dryness. There is potential publication bias. Further randomized evidence is needed.
http://ift.tt/2h2QSLs
High-resolution three-dimensional quantitative map of the macromolecular proton fraction distribution in the normal rat brain
Publication date: Available online 5 December 2016
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Anna V. Naumova, Andrey E. Akulov, Marina Yu. Khodanovich, Vasily L. Yarnykh
The presented dataset provides a normative high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) map of the healthy rat brain in vivo and source images used for its reconstruction. The images were acquired using the protocol described elsewhere (Naumova, et al. High-resolution three-dimensional macromolecular proton fraction mapping for quantitative neuroanatomical imaging of the rodent brain in ultra-high magnetic fields. Neuroimage (2016) doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.036). The map was reconstructed from three source images with different contrast weightings (proton density, T1, and magnetization transfer) using the single-point algorithm with a synthetic reference image. Source images were acquired from a living animal on an 11.7T small animal MRI scanner with isotropic spatial resolution of 170µm3 and total acquisition time about 1.5h. The 3D dataset can be used for multiple purposes including interactive viewing of rat brain anatomy, measurements of reference MPF values in various brain structures, and development of image processing techniques for the rodent brain segmentation. It also can serve as a gold standard image for implementation and optimization of rodent brain MRI protocols.
http://ift.tt/2gZ1tV2
Dataset of proteins mapped on HepG2 cells and those differentially abundant after expression of the dengue non-structural 1 protein
Publication date: Available online 6 December 2016
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Kíssila Rabelo, Monique R.O. Trugilho, Simone M. Costa, André T.S. Ferreira, Paulo C. Carvalho, Jonas Perales, Ada M.B. Alves
The data supplied in this article are related to the research article entitled "The effect of the dengue non-structural 1 protein expression over the HepG2 cell proteins in a proteomic approach" (K. Rabelo, M.R. Trugillo, S.M. Costa, B.A. Pereira, O.C. Moreira, A.T. Ferreira et al., 2016) [1]. The present article provides the inventory of peptides and proteins mapped in a hepatocyte cell line (HepG2) by mass spectrometry in the presence of the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of Dengue 2 virus (DENV2). Cells were transfected with pcENS1 plasmid, which encodes the DENV2 NS1 protein, or the controls pcDNA3 (negative control) or pMAXGFP, encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), a protein unrelated to dengue. Differentially abundant protein lists were obtained by comparing cells transfected with pcENS1 and controls.
http://ift.tt/2g5JL5r
Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?
In this book, Jan Deckers addresses the most crucial question that people must deliberate in relation to how we should treat other animals: whether we should eat animal products. Many people object to the consumption of animal products from the conviction that it inflicts pain, suffering, and death upon animals. This book argues that a convincing ethical theory cannot be based on these important concerns: rather, it must focus on our interest in human health. Tending to this interest demands not only that we extend speciesism—the attribution of special significance to members of our own species merely because they belong to the same species as ourself—towards nonhuman animals, but also that we safeguard the integrity of nature. In this light, projects that aim to engineer the genetic material of animals to reduce their capacities to feel pain and to suffer are morally suspect. The same applies to projects that aim to develop in-vitro flesh, even if the production of such flesh should be welcomed on other grounds. The theory proposed in this book is accompanied by a political goal, the 'vegan project', which strives for a qualified ban on the consumption of animal products. Deckers also provides empirical evidence that some support for this goal exists already, and his analysis of the views of others—including those of slaughterhouse workers—reveals that the vegan project stands firm in spite of public opposition. Many charges have been pressed against vegan diets, including: that they alienate human beings from nature; that they increase human food security concerns; and that they are unsustainable. Deckers argues that these charges are legitimate in some cases, but that, in many situations, vegan diets are actually superior. For those who remain doubtful, the book also contains an appendix that considers whether vegan diets might actually be nutritionally adequate.
http://ift.tt/2h219p0
Table of Contents
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 38, Issue 1
http://ift.tt/2hcoEue
Guidelines for Contributing Authors
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 38, Issue 1
http://ift.tt/2gMI8bP
Editorial Board
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 38, Issue 1
http://ift.tt/2hcmISo
Advances in myelinating glial cell development
Publication date: February 2017
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 42
Author(s): Amy L Herbert, Kelly R Monk
In the vertebrate nervous system, the fast conduction of action potentials is potentiated by the myelin sheath, a multi-lamellar, lipid-rich structure that also provides vital trophic and metabolic support to axons. Myelin is elaborated by the plasma membrane of specialized glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells (SCs) in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The diseases that result from damage to myelin or glia, including multiple sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, underscore the importance of these cells for human health. Therefore, an understanding of glial development and myelination is crucial in addressing the etiology of demyelinating diseases and developing patient therapies. In this review, we discuss new insights into the roles of mechanotransduction and cytoskeletal rearrangements as well as activity dependent myelination and axonal maintenance by glia. Together, these discoveries advance our knowledge of myelin and glia in nervous system health and plasticity throughout life.
http://ift.tt/2g6xuZN
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