Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 11/07/16

Δευτέρα 7 Νοεμβρίου 2016

Overexpression of OCT4 is associated with gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Overexpression of OCT4 is associated with gefitinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer.

Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 31;:

Authors: Li B, Yao Z, Wan Y, Lin D

Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have emerged as first-line drugs for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). However, the resistance to TKIs represents the key limitation for their therapeutic efficacy. We found that the difference of OCT4 expression between NSCLC and the adjacent non-tumourous tissues was statistically significant. Knockdown of OCT4 in NSCLC cells could decrease cell proliferation, and potentiate apoptosis induced by gefitinib, suggesting OCT4 may contribute to gefitinib resistance in NSCLC.

PMID: 27816965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ew2mCc

Therapeutic effects of umbilical cord blood plasma in a rat model of acute ischemic stroke.

Therapeutic effects of umbilical cord blood plasma in a rat model of acute ischemic stroke.

Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 31;:

Authors: Yoo J, Kim HS, Seo JJ, Eom JH, Choi SM, Park S, Kim DW, Hwang DY

Abstract
Umbilical cord blood plasma (UCB-PL) contains various cytokines, growth factors, and immune modulatory factors that regulate the proliferation and function of immune cells and adult stem cells. Despite its therapeutic potential, the effects of UCB-PL treatment in conditions of ischemic brain injury have yet to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that both behavioral and structural impairments resulting from ischemic brain injury were significantly prevented/reversed after intravenous administration of UCB-PL relative to the vehicle control. As early as 1-week post-ischemia, an increased number of newborn cells in the subventricular zone and a reduced number of activated microglial cells in the peri-infarct area were observed in the UCB-PL group, suggesting that enhanced neurogenesis and/or the suppression of inflammation may have contributed to functional protection/recovery. Moreover, UCB-PL was more effective than plasma derived from a 65-year-old healthy adult for the treatment of ischemia-related structural and functional deficits, indicating that UCB-PL had greater therapeutic potential. This study provides valuable insights into the development of a safe, effective, and cell-free strategy for the treatment of ischemic brain damage and a much-needed alternative for patients who are ineligible for thrombolytic therapy.

PMID: 27816964 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ew0Yzo

Update HNO.

Update HNO.

HNO. 2016 Nov;64(11):778-779

Authors:

PMID: 27815618 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2fTPta7

[Treating nasal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients].

[Treating nasal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea patients].

HNO. 2016 Nov 4;

Authors: Verse T, Wenzel S

Abstract
The impact of treating nasal obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients is still intensively discussed at congresses. This is likely due to the highly conflicting results of nasal treatments in regard to restorative sleep on the one hand, and their influence on the severity of OSA on the other. Both conservative and surgical nasal treatments result in a highly significant improvement of sleep quality. Patients' sleep is more restorative, which has a huge impact on several quality of life parameters. In contrast, the impact of conservative and surgical nasal treatments on the severity of OSA measured using the apnea-hypopnea index is very limited, apart from rare exceptions. However, there are preliminary data indicating that successful nasal surgery may facilitate or enable nasal ventilation therapy by lowering the effective pressure.

PMID: 27815593 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ew2Yrc

[Intraoperative monitoring of cochlear nerve function during cerebello-pontine angle surgery].

[Intraoperative monitoring of cochlear nerve function during cerebello-pontine angle surgery].

HNO. 2016 Nov 4;

Authors: Rampp S, Rahne T, Plontke SK, Strauss C, Prell J

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgical procedures in the cerebello-pontine angle (CPA), e. g. for vestibular schwannoma, have an increased risk for damage to the cochlear nerve. Consequently, hearing deterioration up to complete deafness may result with severe impact on quality of life. Methods for intraoperative monitoring of function may minimize such risks.
OBJECTIVE: Review of current methods for intraoperative monitoring of the cochelar nerve and summary of new developments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analysis and summary of literature, discussion of new methods.
RESULTS: Early auditory evoked potentials using click stimuli remain the standard method for intraoperative monitoring of cochlear nerve function. Amplitude and latency changes indicate a risk of postoperative hearing deterioration; however demonstrate only limited further differentiation of hearing quality. As novel methods, near-field recordings may allow faster feedback and auditory steady state responses potentially enable frequency specific testing.
CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative monitoring of the cochlear nerve is an integral component of CPA surgery. It enables detection of potential nerve damage and thus contributes to avoiding postoperative functional deficits. Development and implementation of novel and additional approaches may further improve its clinical value.

PMID: 27815592 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ew7rdH

Vestibular Schwannoma Resection with Ipsilateral Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Normal Contralateral Hearing.

Vestibular Schwannoma Resection with Ipsilateral Simultaneous Cochlear Implantation in Patients with Normal Contralateral Hearing.

Audiol Neurootol. 2016 Nov 5;21(5):286-295

Authors: Sanna M, Medina MD, Macak A, Rossi G, Sozzi V, Prasad SC

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To report the hearing results of cochlear implantation simultaneous to vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection by means of a translabyrinthine approach in patients with normal contralateral hearing.
METHODS: This was a prospective study including adults with sporadic VS. Tumors were resected by means of a modified translabyrinthine approach with preservation of the cochlear nerve.
RESULTS: A total of 13 patients underwent cochlear implantation. At 14 months, the mean pure-tone audiogram was 56 dB. The mean speech recognition was 80%. Cochlear implantation provides monaural and binaural benefits in all the conditions tested, including sound localization.
CONCLUSIONS: Cochlear implantation can be safely performed simultaneously to VS resection with satisfactory hearing results provided that the cochlear nerve is anatomically intact.

PMID: 27816972 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2ew4j1a

Spanish consensus for the management of sinonasal tumors.

Spanish consensus for the management of sinonasal tumors.

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2016 Nov 1;:

Authors: López F, Grau JJ, Medina JA, Alobid I

Abstract
Sinonasal tumors are rare neoplasms with distinctive clinical, aetiological and pathological features. The diagnosis and treatment of these tumours is challenging because of their low incidence, histological diversity and production of non-specific symptoms in the early stages. They have a variable prognosis depending on their histology, origin and staging. Their location, close to neurocritical structures, which are of special relevance to surgery and postoperative treatment, makes their treatment difficult and complex, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. To provide the best possible care, patients with sinonasal cancer should be treated in clinical referral centres specializing in skull-base pathologies. Such centres should include a multidisciplinary team led by otolaryngologist surgeons. This article outlines a consensus protocol for the management of these tumours devised by the Spanish Society of Otolaryngology in collaboration with the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society for Radiation Oncology.

PMID: 27814782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLgOMs

Drug utilization review of cephalosporins in a secondary care hospital in United Arab Emirates.

Drug utilization review of cephalosporins in a secondary care hospital in United Arab Emirates.

Int J Clin Pharm. 2016 Nov 5;

Authors: Abou-Shaaban M, Ali AA, Rao PG, Majid A

Abstract
Background Cephalosporins are one of the most commonly used antibiotics in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Few studies have been carried out to evaluate the antibiotic utilization pattern in UAE in spite of the obvious increase in cephalosporins resistance during the past decade. Objective To assess the prescriptions pattern of cephalosporins among physicians at a secondary care hospital in Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. Method This observational prospective study was carried out during October 2013 to April 2014. The data of in patients were documented in the predesigned patient profile form and was analyzed for patient's, drug's and drug's therapy related parameters. Results The 3rd generation cephalosporins constituted 83.6 % of the prescriptions, with ceftriaxone being the most commonly used one (81.1 %). They were mainly prescribed for the treatment of the lower respiratory tract infections (60.2 %). Seven (3.5 %) different ADRs linked to cephalosporin use were observed ranging from oral thrush to clostridium difficile infection. A total of 1039 antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial medications were prescribed concomitantly with cephalosporins. Conclusion The 3rd generation cephalosporins were commonly prescribed by parenteral route. Thus, there is a strong need for rationalizing their use to preserve their efficacy and prevent the development of resistance in the region.

PMID: 27817172 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Viral respiratory infections in a nursing home: a six-month prospective study.

Viral respiratory infections in a nursing home: a six-month prospective study.

BMC Infect Dis. 2016 Nov 4;16(1):637

Authors: Uršič T, Miksić NG, Lusa L, Strle F, Petrovec M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The knowledge on viral respiratory infections in nursing home (NH) residents and their caregivers is limited. The purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in nursing home (NH) residents and staff, to identify viruses involved in ARI and to correlate viral etiology with clinical manifestations of ARI.
METHODS: The prospective surveillance study was accomplished in a medium-sized NH in Slovenia (central Europe). Ninety NH residents and 42 NH staff were included. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all participants at enrollment (December 5th, 2011) and at the end of the study (May 31st, 2012), and from each participant that developed ARI within this timeframe. Molecular detection of 15 respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal swab samples was performed.
RESULTS: The weekly incidence rate of ARI in NH residents and NH staff correlated; however, it was higher in staff members than in residents (5.9 versus 3.8/1,000 person-days, P = 0.03), and was 2.5 (95 % CI: 1.36-4.72) times greater in residents without dementia than in residents with dementia. Staff members typically presented with upper respiratory tract involvement, whereas in residents lower respiratory tract infections predominated. Respiratory viruses were detected in 55/100 ARI episodes. In residents, influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus were detected most commonly, whereas in NH staff rhinovirus and influenza A virus prevailed. 38/100 ARI episodes (30/56 in residents, 8/44 in staff) belonged to one of three outbreaks (caused by human metapneumovirus, influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus, respectively). NH residents had higher chances for virus positivity within outbreak than HN staff (OR = 7.4, 95 % CI: 1.73-31.48, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: ARI are common among NH residents and staff, and viruses were detected in a majority of the episodes of ARI. Many ARI episodes among NH residents were outbreak cases and could be considered preventable.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered on the 1(th) of December 2011 at ClinicalTrials ( NCT01486160 ).

PMID: 27814689 [PubMed - in process]

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Opposite Effects of Central Oxytocin and Arginine Vasopressin on Changes in Gastric Motor Function Induced by Chronic Stress

Publication date: Available online 6 November 2016
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Mehmet Bülbül, Osman Sinen, Burcu Gemici, V. Nimet İzgüt-Uysal
Hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are known to act oppositely on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, stress response and gastrointestinal (GI) motility. In rodents, exposure to restraint stress (RS) delays gastric emptying (GE), however, repeated exposure to the same stressor (chronic homotypic stress (CHS)), the delayed GE is restored to basal level, while hypothalamic OXT is upregulated. In contrast, when rats are exposed to chronic heterotypic stress (CHeS), these adaptive changes are not observed. Although the involvement of central OXT in gastric motor adaptation is partly investigated, the role of hypothalamic AVP in CHeS-induced maladaptive paradigm is poorly understood. Using in-vivo brain microdialysis in rats, the changes OXT and AVP release from hypothalamus were monitored under basal non-stressed (NS) conditions and in rats exposed to acute stress (AS), CHS and CHeS. To investigate the involvement of central endogenous OXT or AVP in CHS-induced habituation and CHeS-induced maladaptation, chronic central administration of selective OXT receptor antagonist L-371257 and selective AVP V1b receptor antagonist SSR-149415 was performed daily. OXT was measured higher in AS and CHS group, but not in CHeS-loaded rats, whereas AVP significantly increased in rats exposed to AS and CHeS. Additionally, the response of the hypothalamic OXT- and AVP-producing cells was amplified following CHS and CHeS, respectively. In rats exposed to AS for 90min solid GE significantly delayed. The delayed-GE was completely restored to the basal level following CHS, however, it remained delayed in CHeS-loaded rats. The CHS-induced restoration was prevented by L-371257, whereas SSR-149415 abolished the CHeS-induced impaired GE. A significant correlation was observed between GE and (i) OXT in CHS-loaded rats (rho=0.61, p<0.05, positively), (ii) AVP in CHeS-loaded rats (rho=0.69, p<0.05, negatively). Under long term stressed conditions, the release of AVP and OXT from hypothalamus may vary depending on the content of the stressors. Central AVP appears to act oppositely to OXT by mediating CHeS-induced gastric motor maladaptation. Long term central AVP antagonism might be a pharmacological approach for the treatment of stress-related gastric motility disorders.

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Minimally invasive resection of synchronous triple primary tumors of the esophagus, lung, and thymus: A case report.

Minimally invasive resection of synchronous triple primary tumors of the esophagus, lung, and thymus: A case report.

Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016 Oct 23;29:59-62

Authors: Song X, Shen H, Li J, Wang F

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Reports of synchronous multiple primary tumors are very rare. We report a case of synchronous esophagus and lung cancer combined with thymoma treated with a minimally invasive approach.
PRESENTATION OF CASE: In a 63-year-old patient, cT2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was found. Chest computed tomography revealed a lesion in the right upper lobe combined with an antero-superior mediastinal mass. She was treated with one-stage bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic+laparoscopic esophagectomy with lymph node dissection and lobectomy with complete lymphadenectomy followed by thymomectomy and demonstrated a favorable response at early follow-up, without severe adverse surgical complications and evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis. But the long-term follow-up is still needed for the evaluation of therapeutic effects of surgery.
DISCUSSION: In the diagnostic procedure we excluded the probability of esophageal carcinoma metastasizing to the lung. Considering the patient's physical condition permit, we performed a minimally invasive surgery for three tumors. Besides, suitable operative incisions are important for the success of surgery.
CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case report in which simultaneous minimally invasive resection of esophagus and lung cancer combined with thymoma.

PMID: 27816689 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLhykE

Spanish consensus for the management of sinonasal tumors.

Spanish consensus for the management of sinonasal tumors.

Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2016 Nov 1;:

Authors: López F, Grau JJ, Medina JA, Alobid I

PMID: 27814782 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLgOMs

Role of Frozen Biopsy in Glottic Premalignant Lesions.

Role of Frozen Biopsy in Glottic Premalignant Lesions.

Pathol Oncol Res. 2016 Nov 5;

Authors: Jin YJ, Jeong WJ, Paik JH, Ahn SH

Abstract
Frozen biopsies are frequently used for decision making during surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of frozen biopsy for guiding decision making before laser excision of glottic premalignant lesions. One hundred patients with 119 laser excisions were included in this study and reviewed retrospectively. After frozen biopsy, type I or II cordectomy was performed and the frozen result and final pathology of the excisional specimen were compared. The positive predictive value of frozen biopsy when the diagnosis is benign or malignant was relatively high (80.8 and 88.9 %, respectively) but the positive predictive value of a dysplasia or carcinoma in situ result was quite low (18.2 and 16.7 %). Under-diagnosis was frequent for dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (69.7 and 83.3 %). In particular, for lesions with suspicious features, lesions with dysplasia or carcinoma in situ had a much higher rate of under-diagnosis (81.8 and 100 %). Frozen biopsy was not reliable because the overall coincidence rate between final pathology and frozen biopsy was 63 %. Although a frozen biopsy result of a benign or malignant result was reliable, a dysplasia or carcinoma in situ result on frozen biopsy had a high risk of being an under-diagnosis.

PMID: 27817001 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLgOvW

ICAM-1 and VCAM are induced by ionizing radiation on lymphatic endothelium

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2016
Source:International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics
Author(s): María E. Rodriguez-Ruiz, Saray Garasa, Inmaculada Rodriguez, Jose Luis Solorzano, Benigno Barbes, Alba Yanguas, Alvaro Teijeira, Iñaki Etxeberria, J. Javier Aristu, Cornelia Halin, Ignacio Melero, Ana Rouzaut
Radiotherapy exerts powerful biological effects on tumor tissue and the surrounding non-malignant microenvironment. Although radiation therapy has been conventionally used for its tumor cytocidal effect, its additional participation in the modulation of the immune properties of the tumor stroma is gaining momentum. Therefore, tumor vasculature is of key importance because reeducation of the immune tumor microenvironment including reshaping leukocyte migration across vascular barriers deserves attention if therapeutic efficacy is to be fully understood. For instance, radiotherapy has been reported to induce expression of the integrin ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM on the endothelium of blood vessels thereby guiding leukocyte trafficking. In this study, we have explored such effects on lymphatic endothelial cells. In culture, these cells experience induction of surface ICAM-1 and VCAM when exposed to ionizing radiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data are consistent with increases in ICAM-1 and VCAM expression on LYVE-1+ endothelial cells in freshly explanted human tumor tissue and in mouse transplanted tumors when subjected to irradiation. In freshly excised human carcinomas ICAM-1 and VCAM induction occurred on both blood and lymphatic vessels. In transplanted mouse tumors derived from B16-OVA and syngeneic MC38 cell lines, ICAM-1 and VCAM were also induced on lymphatic and blood vessels by a single radiotherapy fraction in a dose-dependent manner. In human cultured primary lymphatic endothelial cells, TGFβ appears to be involved in the integrin-ligand induction that mediates increased adhesion to CD8⁺ T lymphocytes. Moreover, irradiation of human tumor tissue leads to clustering of CD8⁺ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with LVs. Overall, the pro-adhesive effects of ionizing radiation on lymphatic and blood vessels in tumors are likely to be important for modulating leukocyte trafficking in tumors.

http://ift.tt/2fgSRYP

Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor: a study of 6 cases of atypical and malignant variants.

Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor: a study of 6 cases of atypical and malignant variants.

Hum Pathol. 2016 Nov 2;:

Authors: Dantey K, Schoedel K, Yergiyev O, McGough R, Palekar A, Rao UN

Abstract
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumors (OFMT) of soft parts are rare, slow growing tumors that have potential for local recurrence and may metastasize. While OFMT originally was considered benign, several cases of malignant OFMT have been documented. There is no universally accepted risk stratification, although this study emphasizes the importance of utilizing histology, immunohistochemistry and FISH in establishing the diagnosis. Herein, we describe six cases of atypical and malignant OFMT with differences in morphologic features, 5 of which display the proposed morphological criteria for malignancy. The patients were mostly male (M=5, F=1) with an age range of 33-69 years. The tumors arose from the extremities (3 cases), the shoulder (1 case), the head and neck area (1 case), and the paraspinal area (1 case). One tumor had high grade and overtly sarcomatous changes, while another invaded the underlying clavicle. Two cases showed cytological atypia and necrosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected rearrangement of the PHF1 gene in 5 cases. All cases were positive for EAAT4 and actin by immunohistochemistry, while negative for desmin. Three tumors were immunoreactive for S100 protein. INI-1 immunohistochemical staining was conserved in all but 2 cases in which a mosaic loss of expression was noted. All but two patients are currently alive and free of disease.

PMID: 27816723 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLdjWc

Vocabulary development in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants and its relationship with speech perception abilities.

Vocabulary development in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants and its relationship with speech perception abilities.

Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Nov 2;:

Authors: Chen Y, Wong LL, Zhu S, Xi X

Abstract
BACKGROUND: China has the largest population of children with hearing impairments and cochlear implantation is gaining popularity there. However, the vocabulary development in this population is largely unexplored.
AIMS: This study examined early vocabulary outcomes, factors influencing early vocabulary development and the relationship between speech perception and vocabulary development in Mandarin-speaking children during the first year of cochlear implant use.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A battery of vocabulary tests was administered to 80 children before implantation and 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. Demographic information was obtained to evaluate their relationships with vocabulary outcomes.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The Mandarin-speaking children, who received their cochlear implants before 3 years of age, developed vocabulary at a rate faster than that of their same-aged peers with normal hearing. Better pre-implant hearing levels, younger age at implantation, and higher maternal education level contributed to the early vocabulary development. The trajectories of speech perception development highly correlated with those of vocabulary development during 3 to 12 months of CI use.
CONCLUSIONS: and Implications: These findings imply that the vocabulary development of children implanted before 3 years of age may catch up with that of their hearing peers.

PMID: 27816256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLm2rt

Neurothekeoma in the middle cranial fossa as a rare location: Case report and literature review.

Neurothekeoma in the middle cranial fossa as a rare location: Case report and literature review.

Neurochirurgie. 2016 Nov 2;:

Authors: Bulduk EB, Aslan A, Öcal Ö, Kaymaz AM

Abstract
Neurothekeoma is a benign cutaneous nerve sheath tumor usually located in the head and neck region. To date, only a few cases of intracranial location have been reported in the literature. We report an extremely rare case of intracranial neurothekeoma located in the brain parenchyma of the middle cranial fossa. A 55-year-old female patient was operated on at our clinic for a right temporal cystic mass lesion with heterogenic contrast enhancement. Histologically, the tumor had a multinodular hypercellular appearance with a myxoid matrix, peripheral fibrosis, and sclerosis. It was characterized by spindle and epithelioid mononuclear cells, immunochemically positive with diffuse S-100, vimentin, GFAP, PGP 9.5, and NSE, as characteristics of cellular neurothekeomas. After a total surgical resection, there was no need for further adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Because there were still unclear aspects regarding the origin, pathogenesis and management of the intracranial neurothekeomas, we decided to contribute to the literature with this case report.

PMID: 27816187 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLec1c

Long non-coding RNA EWSAT1 promotes human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth in vitro by targeting miR-326/-330-5p.

Long non-coding RNA EWSAT1 promotes human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth in vitro by targeting miR-326/-330-5p.

Aging (Albany NY). 2016 Nov 3;:

Authors: Song P, Yin SC

Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Ewing sarcoma associated transcript 1 (EWSAT1) has been identified as an oncogene, and its dysregulation is closed corrected with tumor progression in Ewing sarcoma. Recently, high-through put analysis reveals that EWSAT1 is also highly expressed in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, whether the aberrant expression of EWSAT1 in NPC is corrected with malignancy or prognosis has not been expounded. Herein, we identified that EWSAT1 was up-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines, and higher expression of EWSAT1 resulted in a markedly poorer survival time. EWSAT1 over-expression facilitated, while EWSAT1 silencing impaired cell growth in NPC. In addition, mechanistic analysis demonstrated that EWSAT1 up-regulated the expression of miR-326/330-5p clusters targeted gene cyclin D1 through acting as a competitive 'sponge' of miR-326/330-5p clusters. Collectively, our data revealed that EWSAT1 promotes NPC cell growth in vitro through up-regulating cyclin D1 partially via 'spongeing' miR-326/330-5p clusters.

PMID: 27816050 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLhq4z

Human papillomavirus detection in fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell cancer.

Human papillomavirus detection in fine needle aspiration cytology of lymph node metastasis of head and neck squamous cell cancer.

J Clin Virol. 2016 Oct 27;85:22-26

Authors: Takes RP, Kaanders JH, van Herpen CM, Merkx MA, Slootweg PJ, Melchers WJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Currently, testing on HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is performed on histological material. However, in a certain percentage of the cases who present with lymph node metastases no primary tumor can be identified and only fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is available for analysis.
OBJECTIVES: Purpose of this study was to assess HPV status on FNAC and to validate it using histological material of the same patients.
STUDY DESIGN: Patients with cervical metastasis from OPSCC or cancer of an unknown primary tumor (CUP), diagnosed between 2007 and 2012 were included. In 6 of the 47 patients, no primary tumor could be identified. HPV detection and genotyping was performed in both FNAC slides scrapings and formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) histological material from the same patients, using the HPV SPF10-LiPA25 assay. HPV PCR analysis on FFPE material was considered the reference standard for HPV status of each case.
RESULTS: Compared with HPV negative cases (n=22), significantly more HPV positive cases (n=25) presented initially with cervical metastasis (27% vs 56% respectively; p=0·047). The HPV PCR assay on FNAC material showed a high sensitivity (96%; 95% CI 86.6-97.4) and specificity (100%; 95% CI 85.1-96.7) using the reference standard of HPV PCR analysis on FFPE material of the same patients.
CONCLUSION: In this study, testing on HPV in FNAC of cervical lymph node metastases of SCC is validated. It provides a valuable alternative for testing of HPV on histological material from patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma or cancer of an unknown primary tumor.

PMID: 27816020 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLiYvA

Ionizing radiation affects profile of serum metabolites: increased level of 3-hydroxybutyric acid in serum of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.

Ionizing radiation affects profile of serum metabolites: increased level of 3-hydroxybutyric acid in serum of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.

Acta Biochim Pol. 2016 Nov 04;

Authors: Roś-Mazurczyk M, Wojakowska A, Marczak Ł, Polański K, Pietrowska M, Jelonek K, Domińczyk I, Hajduk A, Rutkowski T, Składowski K, Widłak P

Abstract
Radiotherapy causes molecular changes observed at the level of body fluids, which are potential biomarker candidates for assessment of radiation exposure. Here we analyzed radiotherapy-induced changes in a profile of small metabolites detected in sera of head and neck cancer patients using the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry approach. There were about 20 compounds, including carboxylic acids, sugars, amines and amino acids, whose levels significantly differed between pre-treatment and post-treatment samples. Among metabolites upregulated by radiotherapy there was 3-hydroxybutyric acid, whose level increased about three times in post-treatment samples. Moreover, compounds affected by irradiation were associated with several metabolic pathways, including protein biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism.

PMID: 27815965 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fLfJUV

Development of a Middle-Age and Geriatric Trauma Mortality Risk Score A Tool to Guide Palliative Care Consultations.

Development of a Middle-Age and Geriatric Trauma Mortality Risk Score A Tool to Guide Palliative Care Consultations.

Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2016 Nov;74(4):298-305

Authors: Konda SR, Seymour R, Manoli A, Gales J, Karunakar MA, Carolinas Trauma Network Research Group

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to develop a tool to quantify risk of inpatient mortality among geriatric and middleaged trauma patients. This study sought to demonstrate the ability of the novel risk score in the early identification of high risk trauma patients for resource-sparing interventions, including referral to palliative medicine.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from a single level 1 trauma center. Regression analysis was used to create a novel risk of inpatient mortality score. A total of 2,387 low energy and 1,201 high-energy middle-aged (range: 55 to 64 years of age) and geriatric (65 years of age or odler) trauma patients comprised the study cohort. Model validation was performed using 37,474 lowenergy and 97,034 high-energy patients from the National Trauma Databank (NTDB). Potential hospital cost reduction was calculated for early referral of high risk trauma patients to palliative medicine services in comparison to no palliative medicine referral.
RESULTS: Factors predictive of inpatient mortality among the study and validation patient cohorts included; age, Glasgow Coma Scale, and Abbreviated Injury Scale for the head and neck and chest. Within the validation cohort, the novel mortality risk score demonstrated greater predictive capacity than existing trauma scores [STTGMALE-AUROC: 0.83 vs. TRISS 0.80, (p < 0.01), STTGMAHE-AUROC: 0.86 vs. TRISS 0.85, (p < 0.01)]. Our model demonstrated early palliative medicine evaluation could produce $1,083,082 in net hospital savings per year.
CONCLUSION: This novel risk score for older trauma patients has shown fidelity in prediction of inpatient mortality; in the study and validation cohorts. This tool may be used for early intervention in the care of patients at high risk of mortality and resource expenditure.

PMID: 27815954 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2evYT6q

The "rocky treatment course": identifying a high-risk subgroup of head and neck cancer patients for supportive interventions.

The "rocky treatment course": identifying a high-risk subgroup of head and neck cancer patients for supportive interventions.

Support Care Cancer. 2016 Nov 4;

Authors: Vulpe H, Ellis J, Huang SH, Atenafu EG, Jang RW, Rodin G, Ringash J

Abstract
PURPOSE: We aim to identify the risk factors for a "rocky" treatment course (RTC) in head and neck cancer.
METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted utilizing data from a prospective study. We defined the RTC as a composite of adverse outcomes including G-tube dependence and increased nursing interventions. Statistically associative variables were included in a multivariable logistic regression. We also evaluated whether the RTC, or its components, associated with worse cancer outcomes.
RESULTS: Being single, unemployed, having N2/3 disease and receiving chemoradiotherapy were associated with a RTC. In turn, G-tube dependence was associated with worse 3-year OS (73 vs 91 %; p = 0.02) and increased nursing interventions with worse 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (85 vs 92 %; p = 0.03) and locoregional recurrence (LRR) (14 vs 7 %; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: We identified baseline factors associated with a RTC for head and neck cancer patients. Future supportive care interventions could be evaluated using the RTC as a marker of benefit.

PMID: 27815711 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs3GYx

CDK4 in lung, and head and neck cancers in old age: evaluation as a biomarker.

CDK4 in lung, and head and neck cancers in old age: evaluation as a biomarker.

Clin Transl Oncol. 2016 Nov 4;

Authors: Banerjee J, Pradhan R, Gupta A, Kumar R, Sahu V, Upadhyay AD, Chaterjee P, Dwivedi S, Dey S, Dey AB

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) are key factors in promoting the initiation and development of tumors. These kinases are important for maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis and imbalance in their expression in old age may lead to the oxidative stress. Lung cancer (LC), and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are two very prominent cancers in older Indians. Both the cancers are showing increasing trend in older population. The present study assessed serum concentration of one of the kinases; CDK4 in older LC and HNSCC patients.
METHODS: The study included 100 subjects each of LC and HNSCC; and older subjects without cancer or any major health problems as controls. Serum CDK4 concentration was estimated using real-time label-free Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and was verified by western blot.
RESULTS: Significant elevation in serum CDK4 was observed in cases with LC and HNSCC compared to controls. HNSCC patients with higher CDK4 expression had distinctly shorter survival than patients with comparatively lower CDK4 expression. No such difference was observed in LC patients. The germ line mutation study of this gene in Exon-2 was performed and none was observed among cases and controls.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that older patients with HNSCC and lung cancer have raised serums CDK4 levels, which has the potential to emerge as a biomarker in clinical practice.

PMID: 27815686 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs1iRW

Clinical application of suction-tube-assisted septal submucosal dissection for endoscopic septoplasty.

Clinical application of suction-tube-assisted septal submucosal dissection for endoscopic septoplasty.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Nov 4;

Authors: Lai WS, Lin YY, Shih CP, Chen HC, Yang PL, Chu YH, Yang JM, Lee JC

Abstract
Endoscopic septoplasty has become the favored approach for the treatment of a deviated septum. Careful septal dissection results in less bleeding, clear endoscopic view, shortened operative time, and fewer postoperative complications. We describe our 5-year experience of using an 8 French Frazier suction tube for submucosal dissection compared with the traditional septoplasty. A total of 434 patients who underwent septoplasty were recruited. The patients in the study were divided into two Groups 1 and 2 based on the employed surgical techniques to treat deviated nasal septum: traditional septoplasty (Group 1: 105 patients) and suction-tube-assisted endoscopic septoplasty (Group 2: 329 patients). All the patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. No statistically significant differences could be traced between the groups in any demographic factor, regarding the gender, age, and the intraoperative and postoperative complications. A significantly shorter operative time was found in Group 2 (P < 0.001). The overall incidence of minor complications was 6.6% in Group 1 and 4.6% in Group 2. The suction-tube-assisted dissection technique is found to be a surgical alternative, effective with a significantly shorter operating time, and economical option in septal surgery.

PMID: 27815631 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs0U5D

Kv1.3 channels mark functionally competent CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in head and neck cancer.

Kv1.3 channels mark functionally competent CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in head and neck cancer.

Cancer Res. 2016 Nov 4;:

Authors: Chimote AA, Hajdu P, Sfyris AM, Gleich BN, Wise-Draper T, Casper KA, Conforti L

Abstract
Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are potent mediators of an anti-tumor response. However, their function is attenuated in solid tumors. CD8(+) T cell effector functions such as cytokine and granzyme production depend on cytoplasmic Ca(2+), which is controlled by ion channels. In particular, Kv1.3 channels regulate the membrane potential and Ca(2+) influx in human effector memory T (TEM) cells. In this study, we assessed the contribution of reduced Kv1.3 and Ca(2+) flux on TIL effector function in head and neck cancer (HNC). We obtained tumor samples and matched peripheral blood from 14 patients with HNC. CD3(+) TIL were comprised of 57% CD4(+) (82% TEM and 20% Treg) and 36% CD8(+) cells. Electrophysiology revealed a 70% reduction in functional Kv1.3 channels in TIL as compared to peripheral blood T cells from paired patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in Ca(2+) influx. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that CD8(+) TIL expressing high Kv1.3 preferentially localized in the stroma. Importantly, high expression of Kv1.3 correlate with high Ki-67 and granzyme B expression. Overall, these data indicate that defective Kv1.3 channels and Ca(2+) fluxes in TIL may contribute to reduced immune surveillance in HNC.

PMID: 27815390 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs3IQx

Standardisation of Target Volume Delineation for Carotid-sparing Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy in Early Glottis Cancer.

Standardisation of Target Volume Delineation for Carotid-sparing Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy in Early Glottis Cancer.

Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2016 Nov 1;:

Authors: Gujral DM, Long M, Roe JW, Harrington KJ, Nutting CM

Abstract
AIMS: Recently, carotid-sparing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for early laryngeal glottis (T1/T2N0M0) cancer has generated interest in the hope of avoiding long-term carotid toxicity, as well as concerns relating to geographical misses and long-term normal tissue toxicity. The aim of this review was to summarise the current literature on carotid-sparing IMRT for early glottis cancer, with particular focus on definitions of target volumes and the carotid arteries as organs at risk. In addition, we make suggestions for standardisation of these structures, dose constraints and dose reporting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 73 references, 16 articles met the criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. These papers described two case reports, 11 planning studies and three prospective studies.
RESULTS: There was variation in all target volume definitions with no clear consensus. The greatest variability was in clinical target volume definition. Carotid artery and spinal cord delineation were not always defined and most studies did not use a carotid artery constraint. Of the eight studies that reported carotid artery delineation, no two studies delineated the same length of carotid artery, yet most studies reported mean doses. Most studies used IMRT with three to seven fields. Five studies used arc therapy and two studies used tomotherapy.
CONCLUSION: This review highlights a lack of consensus in target volume definitions in carotid-sparing IMRT. Ultimately, long-term prospective data are required to show the benefit of carotid-sparing IMRT. Pooled data will prove useful as most studies will report on small numbers of patients. Therefore, adopting a consensus now on target volume definition, dose constraints and dose reporting will be crucial.

PMID: 27815039 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs7GIJ

Stereotactic radiosurgery versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in benign meningioma.

Stereotactic radiosurgery versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in benign meningioma.

J Clin Neurosci. 2016 Nov 1;:

Authors: Chung LK, Mathur I, Lagman C, Bui TT, Lee SJ, Voth BL, Chen CH, Barnette NE, Spasic M, Pouratian N, Lee P, Selch M, Chin R, Kaprealian T, Gopen Q, Yang I

PMID: 27815026 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs4nkU

Mandibular reconstruction after cancer: an in-house approach to manufacturing cutting guides.

Mandibular reconstruction after cancer: an in-house approach to manufacturing cutting guides.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Nov 1;:

Authors: Bosc R, Hersant B, Carloni R, Niddam J, Bouhassira J, De Kermadec H, Bequignon E, Wojcik T, Julieron M, Meningaud JP

Abstract
The restoration of mandibular bone defects after cancer can be facilitated by computer-assisted preoperative planning. The aim of this study was to assess an in-house manufacturing approach to customized cutting guides for use in the reconstruction of the mandible with osteocutaneous free flaps. A retrospective cohort study was performed, involving 18 patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with a fibula free flap at three institutions during the period July 2012 to March 2015. A single surgeon designed and manufactured fibula and mandible cutting guides using a computer-aided design process and three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The oncological outcomes, production parameters, and quality of the reconstructions performed for each patient were recorded. Computed tomography scans were acquired after surgery, and these were compared with the preoperative 3D models. Eighteen consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinoma underwent surgery and then reconstruction using this customized in-house surgical approach. The lengths of the fibula bone segments and the angle measurements in the simulations were similar to those of the postoperative volume rendering (P=0.61). The ease of access to 3D printing technology has enabled the computer-aided design and manufacturing of customized cutting guides for oral cancer treatment without the need for input from external laboratories.

PMID: 27815013 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs2YLc

Impact of 3T multiparametric MRI and FDG-PET-CT in the evaluation of occult primary cancer with cervical node metastasis.

Impact of 3T multiparametric MRI and FDG-PET-CT in the evaluation of occult primary cancer with cervical node metastasis.

Cancer Imaging. 2016 Nov 4;16(1):38

Authors: Gődény M, Lengyel Z, Polony G, Nagy ZT, Léránt G, Zámbó O, Remenár É, Tamás L, Kásler M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the ability of multimodal evaluation with multiparametric 3T-MRI (MPMRI) and positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET/CT) to detect cancer of unknown primary origin (CUP) with neck lymph node (LN) metastasis.
METHODS: The study group comprised 38 retrospectively analysed consecutive patients with LN metastasis in the head and neck (HN) region without known primary tumours (PTs). Statistical values of 3T-MRI and of FDG-PET/CT scans were evaluated.
RESULTS: Of the 38 CUPs, conventional native T1-, T2-weighted and STIR sequences detected 6 PTs. Native sequences plus diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) found 14-, and with fat suppression contrast-enhanced T1-weighted measurement as well as with the complex MPMRI found 15 primaries and with PET/CT 17 CUPs could be evaluated, respectively. The detection rates were 15.8, 36.8, 39.5, 39.5 and 44.7 % for conventional native MRI, native plus DWI, native with contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI), for MPMRI, and for PET/CT, respectively. The overall detection rate proved by histology was 47.4 %. PET/CT provided the highest sensitivity (Sv: 94.4 %) but a lower specificity (Sp: 65.0 %), using MPMRI (Sv: 88.2 %) the specificity increased to 71.4 %. DWIincreased specificity of the native sequences (Sp: 76.2 %). Conventional native sequences plus DWI as well as 3T-MPMRI and PET/CT were same accurate (Acc: 79.0 %) and had similar likelihood ratio (LR: 3.42, 3.03 and 2.62) in detecting unknown PT sites.
CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of FDG-PET/CT and MPMRI in case of CUP in finding the primary cancer in the neck regions is identical. While using PET/CT whole body information can be obtained in one examination. MPMRI shows the local soft tissue status more accurately. In cases of CUP PET/CT should be the first method of choice if it is available. MPMRI can clarify the exact primary tumor stage, and it can be advantageous in clarifying the prognostic factors, which is necessary in case of advanced tumor stage and when surgery is under consideration. In case low N stage is likely after the clinical examination and wait and see policy can be considered, MPMRI is recommended, and in this case the significance the of radiation free MPMRI is increasing.

PMID: 27814768 [PubMed - in process]

http://ift.tt/2fs5e53

Real-Time Visual Feedback of Airflow in Voice Training: Aerodynamic Properties of Two Flow Ball Devices.

Real-Time Visual Feedback of Airflow in Voice Training: Aerodynamic Properties of Two Flow Ball Devices.

J Voice. 2016 Nov 2;:

Authors: Lã FM, Wistbacka G, Andrade PA, Granqvist S

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Flow ball devices have been used as teaching tools to provide visual real-time feedback of airflow during singing. This study aims at exploring static back pressure and ball height as function of flow for two devices, marketed as flow ball and floating ball game.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a comparative descriptive study.
METHODS: A flow-driven vocal tract simulator was used to investigate the aerodynamic properties of these two devices, testing them for four different ball sizes. The flow range investigated was between 0 and 0.5 L/s. Audio, flow, pressure, and ball height were recorded.
RESULTS: The flow pressure profiles for both tested devices were similar to those observed in previous studies on narrow tubes. For lifting the ball, both devices had a flow and a pressure threshold. The tested floating ball game required considerably higher back pressure for a given flow as compared with the flow ball.
CONCLUSIONS: Both tested devices have similar effects on back pressure as straws of 3.7 and 3.0 mm in diameter for the flow ball and the floating ball game, respectively. One might argue that both devices could be used as tools for practicing semi-occluded vocal tract exercises, with the additional benefit of providing real-time visual feedback of airflow during phonation. The flow threshold, combined with the flow feedback, would increase awareness of flow, rather than of pressure, during exercises using a flow ball device.

PMID: 27816358 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2fs72L6

Urolithiasis in Pregnancy.

Urolithiasis in Pregnancy.

Int J Surg. 2016 Nov 2;:

Authors: Pedro RN, Das K, Buchholz N

Abstract
Urolithiasis in pregnancy is a major health concern and can potentially affect the well-being of both mother and foetus. Management of this condition often entails simultaneous multidisciplinary involvement of obstetrician, radiologist and urologist. Additionally, adverse effects with usage of anaesthesia, radiation, medications and surgery on mother and foetus, limit utilisation of the full armamentarium of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that are commonly used in non-pregnant women. This review was conducted using an electronic literature search of peer reviewed journal articles. Clinical studies were identified in the bibliographic database- PubMed (Medline), Ovid and eMedicine(WebMD) using the keywords: hydronephrosis, urolithiasis, kidney stone, urinary tract infection, pregnancy and ultrasound, incidence and epidemiology of renal stones.

PMID: 27816709 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2eFkEUJ

Effects of mobile phone WeChat services improve adherence to corticosteroid nasal spray treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a 3-month follow-up study

Abstract

The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of receiving daily WeChat services on one's cell phone on adherence to corticosteroid nasal spray treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This study was a two-arm, randomized, follow-up investigation. Patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps following bilateral FESS were randomised to receive, or to not receive, daily WeChat service on their cell phone to take corticosteroid nasal spray treatment. A prescription of budesonide aqueous nasal spray 128 µg bid was given to all the subjects. Then they returned to the clinic after 30, 60, 90 days. The primary study outcome was adherence to nasal spray treatment, whereas secondary outcomes were change in endoscopic findings and SinoNasal Outcome Test-20 (SNOT-20). On the whole, there was a significant inter-group difference in the change of adherence rate (F = 90.88, p = 0.000). The WeChat group had much higher adherence rate than the control group during the follow-up. In terms of postoperative endoscopic scores and SNOT-20, except granulation score, no significant differences were observed between the two randomization groups. WeChat services are already after a short period of observation associated with improved adherence to corticosteroid nasal spray treatment in CRS patients after FESS.

http://ift.tt/2fgRCsT

Effects of mobile phone WeChat services improve adherence to corticosteroid nasal spray treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a 3-month follow-up study

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2fgRCsT

As(V)/Cr(VI) retention on un-amended and waste-amended soil samples: competitive experiments

Abstract

Focusing on simultaneous arsenic and chromium pollution, we used batch-type experiments to study As(V)/Cr (VI) competitive sorption on soil samples, pyritic material, mussel shell, oak ash, pine bark and hemp waste, as well as on binary mixtures (50 % mussel shell and 50 % another material—oak ash, pine bark, or hemp waste), and on forest and vineyard soil samples and pyritic material amended with 48 t ha⁻¹ of mussel shell, oak ash, pine bark, or hemp waste. Equal As(V) and Cr(VI) concentrations (0 to 6 mmol L⁻¹) were added to the individual materials, binary mixtures, and 48 t ha⁻¹ amended materials. The individual forest soil sample, pyritic material, and oak ash showed clearly higher As(V) sorption, whereas Cr(VI) sorption was higher on pine bark. Sorption was up to 50 % higher for As(V) than for Cr(VI) on the forest soil sample, oak ash, and pyritic material, while pine bark sorbed 95 % more Cr(VI). Regarding binary mixtures, the presence of mussel shell increased As(V) sorption on pine bark and Cr(VI) sorption on hemp waste. As regards the amendments, in the case of the forest soil sample, the amendments with oak ash and mussel shell increased As(V) sorption, while pine bark amendment increased Cr(VI) sorption; in the vineyard soil sample, the mussel shell amendment increased As(V) sorption; in the pyritic material, pine bark amendment increased Cr(VI) sorption. These results could be useful to appropriately manage the soils and individual or mixed by-products assayed when As(V) and Cr(VI) pollution occurs.

http://ift.tt/2fxthOK

Relationship between antibiotic resistance genes and metals in residential soil samples from Western Australia

Abstract

Increasing drug-resistant infections have drawn research interest towards examining environmental bacteria and the discovery that many factors, including elevated metal conditions, contribute to proliferation of antibiotic resistance (AR). This study examined 90 garden soils from Western Australia to evaluate predictions of antibiotic resistance genes from total metal conditions by comparing the concentrations of 12 metals and 13 genes related to tetracycline, beta-lactam and sulphonamide resistance. Relationships existed between metals and genes, but trends varied. All metals, except Se and Co, were related to at least one AR gene in terms of absolute gene numbers, but only Al, Mn and Pb were associated with a higher percentage of soil bacteria exhibiting resistance, which is a possible indicator of population selection. Correlations improved when multiple factors were considered simultaneously in a multiple linear regression model, suggesting the possibility of additive effects occurring. Soil-metal concentrations must be considered when determining risks of AR in the environment and the proliferation of resistance.

http://ift.tt/2eFg8pn

The biochemical and toxicological responses of earthworm ( Eisenia fetida ) following exposure to nanoscale zerovalent iron in a soil system

Abstract

Nanomaterials have increasingly gained a great amount of interest due to their widespread applications, while their potential impacts on invertebrates in soil lack thorough investigation. This study is mainly aimed at determining the acute and subacute toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida, induced by different levels of nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) (100, 500, 1000 mg kg⁻¹) in natural soils. The results showed that compared to the controls, exposure to 500 and 1000 mg kg⁻¹ of nZVI significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited growth and respiration and increased avoidance response in earthworms. The perturbations of antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase—SOD and catalase—CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) clearly revealed that oxidative stress was induced in E. fetida exposed to nZVI. Good correlations were observed in current results among the growth, respiration, MDA, and ROS (R > 0.8; P < 0.05), and that ROS was the most sensitive parameter in response to the stress caused by nZVI. Additionally, the histopathological examination of transverse sections of the exposed earthworms passing through the body wall illustrated that there was a serious injury in epidermal tissue after an exposure of 28 days. These findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of toxicological effects of nZVI in a soil-earthworm system.

http://ift.tt/2fxs0Y5

How test vessel properties affect the fate of silver nitrate and sterically stabilized silver nanoparticles in two different test designs used for acute tests with Daphnia magna

Abstract

The relation between test conditions such as medium composition or pH on silver nanoparticle (AgNP) behavior and its link to toxicity is one of the major topics in nanoecotoxicological research in the last years. In addition, the adaptation of the ecotoxicological standard tests for nanomaterials is intensely discussed to increase comparability and reliability of results. Due to the limitation of test material production volumes and the need for high-throughput screening, miniaturization has been proposed for several test designs. In the present study, the effect of a miniaturization of the acute Daphnia immobilization test on AgNP behavior was investigated. For this purpose, available, adsorbed, and dissolved silver fractions were measured using AgNP and silver nitrate in the following two test designs: a standard test (ST) design and a miniaturized test (MT) design with reduced test volume and less animals. Despite the increase in surface area in relation to the test volume in MT, more AgNP attached to the ST vessel surface, so that in this case, exposure concentrations were significantly lower compared to the MT assessment. Ionic silver concentrations resulting from AgNP dissolution were similar in both test designs. The same was observed for ionic silver concentrations in silver nitrate (AgNO₃) treatments, but adsorbed silver was also higher in ST treatments. Assessing the structure-activity relationships revealed that surface properties such as hydrophobicity, potential binding sites, or surface roughness were of higher importance than surface:volume ratios for both test substances.

http://ift.tt/2eFmJ39

Factors affecting the variability in the observed levels of urinary cadmium among children and nonsmoker adolescents

Abstract

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999–2012 were used to evaluate factors that affect observed levels of urine cadmium (UCd) among children aged 6–11 years and nonsmoker adolescents aged 12–19 years. Adjusted UCd levels were found to be statistically significantly higher for female nonsmoker adolescents than male nonsmoker adolescents (p < 0.01). Non-Hispanic white (NHW) participants had statistically significantly lower adjusted levels of UCd (<0.01) than non-Hispanic black (NHB) participants for both children (p < 0.01) and adolescents (p < 0.01). Dietary intake of cadmium was not found to affect the levels of UCd. While unadjusted levels of UCd for nonsmoker adolescents declined (p < 0.01) over 1999–2012 by 28.3%, no statistically significant trend was observed for adjusted levels.

http://ift.tt/2fxsr4A

Effects of anthropogenic activities on the heavy metal levels in the clams and sediments in a tropical river

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the effects of anthropogenic activities on the heavy metal levels in the Langat River by transplantation of Corbicula javanica. In addition, potential ecological risk indexes (PERI) of heavy metals in the surface sediments of the river were also investigated. The correlation analysis revealed that eight metals (As, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in total soft tissue (TST) while five metals (As, Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn) in shell have positively and significantly correlation with respective metal concentration in sediment, indicating the clams is a good biomonitor of the metal levels. Based on clustering patterns, the discharge of dam impoundment, agricultural activities and urban domestic waste were identified as three major contributors of the metals in Pangsun, Semenyih and Dusun Tua, and Kajang, respectively. Various geochemical indexes for a single metal pollutant (geoaccumulation index (I _geo), enrichment factors (EF), contamination factor (C _f) and ecological risk (Er)) all agreed that Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn are not likely to cause adverse effect to the river ecosystem, but As and Pb could pose a potential ecological risk to the river ecosystem. All indexes (degree of contamination (C _d), combined pollution index (CPI) and PERI) showed that overall metal concentrations in the tropical river are still within safe limit. River metal pollution was investigated. Anthropogenic activities were contributors of the metal pollution. Geochemical indexes showed that metals are within the safe limit.

http://ift.tt/2eFgdJA

Tortuous Carotid Artery Extended to Neck Level IIb Mimicking the Metastatic Mass

Specifically in neck level IIb, the expected normal anatomy does not contain any vital structures and consequently it might direct a surgeon to perform rapid surgical dissection of tissues. Therefore aberrant anatomy of the vessels in the patients may be overlooked during neck dissection. Unexpected and potentially devastating injuries can be avoided by respecting the possible aberrant anatomy in any level of the neck. In this case report, a 74-year-old man was presented with laryngeal carcinoma who was treated with laryngectomy and bilateral neck dissection. During the left side neck dissection, tortuous internal carotid artery imitating a metastatic mass was unexpectedly encountered in level IIb. As in this case, surgeons should keep in mind possible aberrant anatomy during the neck dissection and perform surgery staying in surgical principles to be safe for an unforeseen and potential dangerous injuries.

http://ift.tt/2fxbcjT

Tortuous Carotid Artery Extended to Neck Level IIb Mimicking the Metastatic Mass

Corynebacterium propinquum: A Rare Cause of Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Nondiphtheria Corynebacterium species are often dismissed as culture contaminants, but they have recently become increasingly recognized as pathologic organisms. We present the case of a 48-year-old male patient on chronic prednisone therapy for rheumatoid arthritis with a history of mitral valve replacement with prosthetic valve. He presented with fever, dizziness, dyspnea on exertion, intermittent chest pain, and palpitations. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed two medium-sized densities along the inner aspect of the sewing ring and one larger density along the atrial surface of the sewing ring consistent with vegetation. Two separate blood cultures grew Corynebacterium propinquum, which were sensitive to ceftriaxone but highly resistant to vancomycin and daptomycin. The patient completed a course of ceftriaxone and repeat TEE study and after 6 weeks demonstrated near complete resolution of the vegetation. To our knowledge, this case represents the first in the literature of Corynebacterium propinquum causing prosthetic valve endocarditis. The ability of these organisms to cause deep-seated systemic infections should be recognized, especially in immune-compromised patients.

http://ift.tt/2fx4Ssu

Language Parameters of 4- to 7-Year-Old Persian-Speaking Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Objective: There are several risk factors including hearing difficulties, lack of language stimulation, and parents' low level of expectation leading to language disorders in children with cleft palate. Therefore, formal language assessments of children with cleft palate are of great importance in order to prevent further disabilities. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate language parameters in 4- to 7-year old Persian-speaking children with cleft palate. Patients and Methods: 16 children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate aged between 4 and 7 years participated in the experiment. The Test of Language Development-Primary, third edition (TOLD-P3) was performed to evaluate the language parameters. The results were scored according to the test manual and compared to normative data published with the TOLD-P3. Results:t test analysis showed a significant difference between language parameters in children with cleft lip and palate and the normative data (p Conclusion: The findings emphasize that speech-language pathologists should also concentrate on early language assessment and treatment for children with cleft lip and palate.
Folia Phoniatr Logop 2016;68:119-123

http://ift.tt/2eEUu4y

Serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and Graves’ disease phenotype

Abstract

Purpose

We investigated, at diagnosis, the relationship between serum immunoglobulin G4 levels and the main characteristics of Graves' disease: hyperthyroidism severity, goiter size, presence of active Graves' ophthalmopathy, antithyroid antibodies status, and titer.

Methods

This prospective study included 80 newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients. The main parameters measured at diagnosis: thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, total triiodothyronine, thyroglobulin, antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies, immunoglobulin G4.

Results

In Graves' disease patients, serum immunoglobulin G4 levels were higher than in general population (p = 0.028) and higher in men compared to women (p = 0.002). Only one female patient with intense hypoechoic goiter, high anti-thyroglobulin antibody, and antithyroid peroxidase antibody titers had an elevated serum immunoglobulin G4 level at diagnosis. Patients with immunoglobulin G4 levels above the 75th percentile (>237.52 mg/dl, N = 20) were younger at Graves' ophthalmopathy onset (p < 0.001), had higher antithyroid peroxidase antibody (p = 0.01), and anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels (p = 0.006) and required shorter duration of the first methimazole treatment cycle (p = 0.041) than patients with immunoglobulin G4 below the 75th percentile. At diagnosis, patients with immunoglobulin G4 levels above the 90th percentile (>286.28 mg/dl, N = 8) had lower total triiodothyronine values (p = 0.001) than patients with IgG below the 90th percentile. No significant correlations were found between smoking status (p = 0.58), goiter size (p = 0.50), the presence of ophthalmopathy (p = 0.42) or thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody titers (p = 0.45) and the mean value of immunoglobulin G4 levels at diagnosis.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that Graves' disease patients with elevated immunoglobulin G4 levels at diagnosis have a phenotype characterized by higher anti-thyroglobulin antibody and antithyroid peroxidase antibody titers, less severe T3 hyperthyroidism, younger age at ophthalmopathy onset and require a shorter duration of the first methimazole treatment cycle.

http://ift.tt/2f9kjdJ

Exploring attitudes towards endocrine diseases in Greece

http://ift.tt/2fvnc72

Does testicular anti-Müllerian hormone extend life?

http://ift.tt/2f9hEAN

The influence of phthalates and bisphenol A on the obesity development and glucose metabolism disorders

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemics presents a great health problem worldwide. Beside the changes in diet and decreased physical activity, there is growing interest in endocrine disrupting chemicals that may have effects on these conditions. Among them, the role of certain phthalates and bisphenol A is confirmed. We have summarized the existing literature on this issue including cross-sectional, follow up epidemiological studies and in vivo and in vitro studies. Most data support the effects of bisphenol A and some phthalates, such as di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibuthyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dibenzyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate and others on the development obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These endocrine disrupting chemicals interfere with different cell signaling pathways involved in weight and glucose homeostasis. Since the data are rather inconsistent, there is a need for new, well-designed prospective studies.

http://ift.tt/2fvkSNh

Weighing the Evidence: Bias and Confounding in Epidemiologic Studies in Allergy/Immunology

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2016
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Elizabeth C. Matsui, Corinne A. Keet

http://ift.tt/2eeXxSq

Endogenous polyclonal anti-IL-1 antibody responses potentiate IL-1 activity during pathogenic inflammation

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2016
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Gunther Spohn, Natalia Arenas-Ramirez, Gregory Bouchaud, Onur Boyman
BackgroundParticular neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to certain cytokines act as agonists in vivo by protection of the cytokine's active site and prolongation of cytokine half-life. While this principle might be useful for targeted immunotherapy, its role in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmunity is unclear.ObjectiveWe sought to determine whether slight, structurally non-relevant modifications of the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) during an immune response could elicit polyclonal anti-IL-1β antibody responses that modulated IL-1β's in vivo activity.MethodsWe engineered two different IL-1β variants, thereby mimicking the process of cytokine modification occurring during inflammation, and conjugated them to virus-like particles, followed by immunization of mice. The resulting polyclonal anti-IL-1β antibody responses were assessed using in vitro and in vivo assays as well as two relevant (auto-) inflammatory murine models.ResultsWhile antibody responses generated to one variant were potently inhibiting IL-1β, antibody responses induced by the other variant even potentiated the in vivo effects of IL-1β; the latter led to enhanced morbidity in two different IL-1β-mediated mouse models, including a model of inflammatory bowel disease and an inflammatory arthritis model.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that endogenous polyclonal anti-cytokine antibody responses can enhance the cytokine's activity in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Teaser

Capsule summary: Polyclonal anti-cytokine autoantibodies, endogenously generated during an anti-virus-like immune response, can boost, rather than neutralize, pro-inflammatory cytokines thus exacerbating (auto-) inflammatory disorders.

http://ift.tt/2eO23DB

Precision combination therapy for triple negative breast cancer via biomimetic polydopamine polymer core-shell nanostructures

Publication date: January 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 113
Author(s): Yanping Ding, Shishuai Su, Ruirui Zhang, Leihou Shao, Yinlong Zhang, Bin Wang, Yiye Li, Long Chen, Qun Yu, Yan Wu, Guangjun Nie
Photothermal-based combination therapy using functional nanomaterials shows great promise in eradication of aggressive tumors and improvement of drug sensitivity. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse effects of drug combinations depend on the precise control of timely tumor-localized drug release. Here a polymer-dopamine nanocomposite is designed for combination therapy, thermo-responsive drug release and prevention of uncontrolled drug leakage. The thermo-sensitive co-polymer poly (2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl methacrylate-co-oligo (ethylene glycol) methacrylate)-co-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-b-poly (D, l-lactide-co-glycolide) is constructed into core-shell structured nanoparticles for co-encapsulation of two cytotoxic drugs and absorption of small interfering RNAs against survivin. The drug-loaded nanoparticles are surface-coated with polydopamine which confers the nanoformulation with photothermal activity and protects drugs from burst release. Under tumor-localized laser irradiation, polydopamine generates sufficient heat, resulting in nanoparticle collapse and instant drug release within the tumor. The combination strategy of photothermal, chemo-, and gene therapy leads to triple-negative breast cancer regression, with a decrease in the chemotherapeutic drug dosage to about 1/20 of conventional dose. This study establishes a powerful nanoplatform for precisely controlled combination therapy, with dramatic improvement of therapeutic efficacy and negligible side effects.

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Δευτέρα 7 Νοεμβρίου 2016

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