An improved procedure for integrated behavioral z-scoring illustrated with modified Hole Board behavior of male inbred laboratory mice

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): M. Maaike Labots, M.C. Marijke Laarakker, D. Dustin Schetters, S.S. Saskia Arndt, H.A. Hein van Lith
BackgroundGuilloux et al. introduced: integrated behavioral z-scoring, a method for behavioral phenotyping of mice. Using this method multiple ethological variables can be combined to show an overall description of a certain behavioral dimension or motivational system. However, a problem may occur when the control group used for the calculation has a standard deviation of zero or when no control group is present to act as a reference group.New MethodIn order to solve these problems, an improved procedure is suggested: taking the pooled data as reference. For this purpose a behavioral study with male mice from three inbred strains was carried out. The integrated behavioral z-scoring methodology was applied, thereby taking five different reference group options. The outcome regarding statistical significance and practical importance was compared.ResultsSignificant effects and effect sizes were influenced by the choice of the reference group. In some cases it was impossible to use a certain population and condition, because one or more behavioral variables in question had a standard deviation of zero. Based on the improved method, male mice from the three inbred strains differed regarding activity and anxiety.Comparison with Existing MethodTaking the method described by Guilloux et al. as basis, the present procedure improved the generalizability to all types of experimental designs in animal behavioral research.ConclusionsTo solve the aforementioned problems and to avoid getting the diagnosis of data manipulation, the pooled data (combining the data from all experimental groups in a study) as reference option is recommended.



http://ift.tt/2xxDNBE

Advances in Craniofacial Trauma

The epidemiology of craniofacial injury has changed significantly due to influences such as the advent of airbags and an increase in the sophistication of civilian weaponization. The emergency management of severe trauma has also evolved, leading to the survival of injuries that would have previously proved fatal. Together, these forces have had a notable impact on the challenges that surgeons treating craniofacial trauma now face.

http://ift.tt/2xSpmZZ

Copyright

ELSEVIER

http://ift.tt/2yscbfq

Forthcoming Issues

Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery of Congenital Ear Deformities

http://ift.tt/2xTMFTr

Evidence-Based Medicine in Facial Trauma

This article provides the reader with a comprehensive review of high-level evidence-based medicine in facial trauma and highlights areas devoid of high-level evidence. The article is organized in the order one might approach a clinical problem: starting with the workup, followed by treatment considerations, operative decisions, and postoperative treatments. Individual injuries are discussed within each section, with an overview of the available high-level clinical evidence. This article not only provides a quick reference for the facial traumatologist, but also allows the reader to identify areas that lack high-level evidence, perhaps motivating future endeavors.

http://ift.tt/2yrBwX1

Contents

Kris S. Moe

http://ift.tt/2xTMEil

Trauma in Facial Plastic Surgery

FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA

http://ift.tt/2ysc6Za

Contributors

J. REGAN THOMAS, MD, FACS

http://ift.tt/2xTJZVW

Advances in the Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Orbital reconstruction is one of the most challenging tasks for surgeons who treat craniofacial trauma. Suboptimal outcomes carry a high level of morbidity, with functional, emotional, and aesthetic implications. However, advances in reconstruction techniques, including the use of orbital endoscopy, computer-guided navigation, and mirror image overlay techniques, have been shown to provide significant improvements in outcomes. This article provides practical advice for applying these techniques to orbital reconstruction following trauma.

http://ift.tt/2yrCaUe

Posttraumatic Laser Treatment of Soft Tissue Injury

Laser treatment for posttraumatic injury offers the clinician the unique opportunity for early intervention in mediating early scar formation, or for reducing the appearance of scars after maturation. In this review, the authors focus on the mechanisms by which lasers exert their therapeutic effects, highlighting several popular lasers and dosimetry used, and underscoring the power of combined surgical scar revision in managing posttraumatic facial scars.

http://ift.tt/2xTkPqh

Copyright

ELSEVIER

http://ift.tt/2yscbfq

Issues in Pediatric Craniofacial Trauma

Pediatric maxillofacial fractures are rare owing to anatomic differences between juvenile and adult skulls. Children's bone is less calcified, allowing for "greenstick fractures." The overall ratio of cranial to facial volume decreases with age. In children, tooth buds comprise the majority of mandibular volume. The most common pediatric craniomaxillofacial fractures for children ages 0 to 18 years old are mandible, nasal bone, and maxilla and zygoma. Growth potential must be considered when addressing pediatric trauma and often a less-is-more approach is best when considering open versus closed treatment. Regardless of treatment, pediatric trauma cases must be followed through skeletal maturity.

http://ift.tt/2yrCaDI

Eyelid and Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma

Facial trauma often involves injuries to the eyelid and periorbital region. Management of these injuries can be challenging due to the involvement of multiple complex anatomic structures that are in close proximity. Restoration of normal anatomic relationships of the eyelids and periocular structures is essential for optimum functional and aesthetic outcome after trauma. This review provides an overview of the current literature involving soft tissue trauma of the eyelid and periorbital tissue, and highlights key steps in patient evaluation and management with various types of injuries.

http://ift.tt/2xTfYp4

Emergent Soft Tissue Repair in Facial Trauma

Emergency personnel, surgeons, and ancillary health care providers frequently encounter soft tissue injuries in facial trauma. Appropriate evaluation and management is essential to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.

http://ift.tt/2yrlBb7

Current Management of Subcondylar Fractures of the Mandible, Including Endoscopic Repair

Treatment of subcondylar fractures has been the subject of debate for many years. Options for treatment include physical therapy, elastic maxillomandibular fixation, and open repair. Proper imaging and clinical evaluation are imperative when deciding on the best management option. In the past, most subcondylar fractures were treated with a closed approach. Recent data support open repair, when feasible. Studies show increased interincisal opening, lateral excursion, and protrusion with less mandibular shortening, jaw deviation, and pain. There are serious side effects that may be associated with open repair. The surgical technique for endoscopic repair is outlined in detail.

http://ift.tt/2xTMpnr

Advances in Craniofacial Trauma

The epidemiology of craniofacial injury has changed significantly due to influences such as the advent of airbags and an increase in the sophistication of civilian weaponization. The emergency management of severe trauma has also evolved, leading to the survival of injuries that would have previously proved fatal. Together, these forces have had a notable impact on the challenges that surgeons treating craniofacial trauma now face.

http://ift.tt/2xSpmZZ

Updates in Management of Craniomaxillofacial Gunshot Wounds and Reconstruction of the Mandible

This article includes updates in the management of mandibular trauma and reconstruction as they relate to maxillomandibular fixation screws, custom hardware, virtual surgical planning, and protocols for use of computer-aided surgery and navigation when managing composite defects from gunshot injuries to the face.

http://ift.tt/2yr3Ng5

Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures

Zygomaticomaxillary fractures account for approximately 25% of all facial fractures. They can be grouped into high-velocity and low-velocity injuries. A complete head and neck examination is critical for accurate clinical diagnosis. A thin-cut axial CT scan with sagittal, coronal, and 3-D reconstruction is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. A thorough understanding of bony tetrapod anatomy and fracture mechanics is critical to treatment planning. Treatment options include closed and open reduction with internal fixation. Computer-aided applications can reduce the need for open reduction and improve the accuracy of both closed and open repairs.

http://ift.tt/2xTeOK6

Correction of Nasal Fractures

Nasal fractures are the most frequently fractured facial bone from blunt facial trauma resulting in a significant number of patients seeking treatment. Proper evaluation and treatment in the acute setting can minimize secondary surgeries, lower overall health care costs, and increase patient satisfaction. Nasal fracture management, however, varies widely between surgeons. The open treatment of isolated nasal fractures is a particularly controversial subject. This review seeks to describe the existing literature in isolated nasal fracture management.

http://ift.tt/2yr3CkV

Forthcoming Issues

Cosmetic and Reconstructive Surgery of Congenital Ear Deformities

http://ift.tt/2xTMFTr

Trauma in Facial Plastic Surgery

The optimal management of frontal sinus fractures remains controversial. Fortunately, the severity of these injuries has diminished with more stringent auto-safety regulations, changing the treatment paradigms used to repair these injuries. Appropriate patient selection and close follow-up may allow for conservative management strategies when dealing with frontal sinus fractures, largely replacing the more morbid and invasive techniques that have been the mainstay for years. Because acute and delayed sequelae can arise after the initial injury, patients should be thoroughly counseled about the importance of follow-up and the need to seek medical care if they develop any concerning signs or symptoms.

http://ift.tt/2xTJQBS

Evidence-Based Medicine in Facial Trauma

This article provides the reader with a comprehensive review of high-level evidence-based medicine in facial trauma and highlights areas devoid of high-level evidence. The article is organized in the order one might approach a clinical problem: starting with the workup, followed by treatment considerations, operative decisions, and postoperative treatments. Individual injuries are discussed within each section, with an overview of the available high-level clinical evidence. This article not only provides a quick reference for the facial traumatologist, but also allows the reader to identify areas that lack high-level evidence, perhaps motivating future endeavors.

http://ift.tt/2yrBwX1

Neurosurgical Considerations in Craniofacial Trauma

Spinal and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often accompany craniofacial trauma. Neurosurgical considerations can range from initial emergent surgery to conservative management of closed head injuries in patients with craniofacial injuries. This article discusses the most common disorders managed by neurosurgeons in the setting of craniofacial trauma, and reviews the usual timing and setting for various treatments that patients with TBI encounter throughout the course of treatment. It also highlights the consequences of TBI on the timing and planning of craniofacial repairs and the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation to provide comprehensive care to survivors of trauma.

http://ift.tt/2yrDruA

Contents

Kris S. Moe

http://ift.tt/2xTMEil

Sandwich compression with rubbery tourniquet sheets and cotton balls for auricular pseudocyst

Objectives/Hypothesis

Pseudocyst of the auricle is a benign, noninflammatory cystic disease that is more common in Asians than in Caucasians. When managed conservatively, the results are often unsatisfactory and recurrences are common. We aimed to introduce a novel modified surgical method that involves a deroofing technique followed by a sandwich compression suture using two rubber tourniquet sheets and an iodine-soaked cotton ball for the treatment of auricular pseudocysts and to ascertain its effectiveness.

Study Design

Case series with or without comparison.

Methods

The charts of 100 patients with auricular pseudocysts who were treated with this new method from 2004 to 2016 in a university-affiliated tertiary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results

The mean patient age was 37.7 years, and 84% were male. All of the patients had unilateral lesions, with right-side lesions (53.0%) being slightly predominant. The cymba concha (44.1%) was the most common site. Seven patients (7.0%) had trauma to the ear within 3 months before presentation. Previous aspiration or drainage had been performed for the cysts in 35 patients (35.0%), and the recurrences had been treated conservatively. In comparison, 98 of the 100 patients recovered smoothly from surgery without further recurrence or complications after follow-up for at least 1 year.

Conclusions

Based on our experience, not only does this surgical procedure yield reliable results in the treatment of pseudocysts of auricles, but it also has advantages such as using readily available materials, being simple to perform, improving efficacy, and lowering recurrence rates.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2017

http://ift.tt/2xxl757

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells prevented rat vocal fold scarring

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study aimed to reveal the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) on prevention of vocal fold scarring by investigating how the immediate ASCs transplantation into the injured rat vocal fold affect the levels of gene transcription and translation.

Study Design

Prospective animal experiments with controls.

Methods

ASCs harvested from green fluorescent protein transgenic rat (ASCs group) or saline (sham group) were injected into the thyroarytenoid muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats immediately after stripping the vocal fold. For histological examinations, larynges were extirpated at 3, 14, and 56 days after the injection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed at 3 and 14 days after the injection.

Results

Transplanted ASCs were detected only in larynges at day 3. At days 14 and 56, histological examination showed significantly higher amounts of hyaluronic acid and lower deposition of collagen in the ASCs group compared to the sham group. Real-time PCR revealed that the ASCs group showed low expression of procollagen (Col)1a1, Col1a3, matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)1 and Mmp8 in each time points. The ASCs group showed high expression of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)2 and Hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) compared to the sham group at day 14.

Conclusions

ASCs increased expressions of Fgf2 and Hgf, and suppressed excessive collagen deposition during vocal fold wound healing. Given the fact that ASCs survived no more than 14 days, ASCs were thought to induce upregulations of growth factors' genes in surrounding cells. These results suggested that ASCs have potential to prevent vocal fold scarring.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2017

http://ift.tt/2fko1DT

Trauma in Facial Plastic Surgery

FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA

http://ift.tt/2ysc6Za

Contributors

J. REGAN THOMAS, MD, FACS

http://ift.tt/2xTJZVW

Advances in the Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Orbital reconstruction is one of the most challenging tasks for surgeons who treat craniofacial trauma. Suboptimal outcomes carry a high level of morbidity, with functional, emotional, and aesthetic implications. However, advances in reconstruction techniques, including the use of orbital endoscopy, computer-guided navigation, and mirror image overlay techniques, have been shown to provide significant improvements in outcomes. This article provides practical advice for applying these techniques to orbital reconstruction following trauma.

http://ift.tt/2yrCaUe

Posttraumatic Laser Treatment of Soft Tissue Injury

Laser treatment for posttraumatic injury offers the clinician the unique opportunity for early intervention in mediating early scar formation, or for reducing the appearance of scars after maturation. In this review, the authors focus on the mechanisms by which lasers exert their therapeutic effects, highlighting several popular lasers and dosimetry used, and underscoring the power of combined surgical scar revision in managing posttraumatic facial scars.

http://ift.tt/2xTkPqh

Issues in Pediatric Craniofacial Trauma

Pediatric maxillofacial fractures are rare owing to anatomic differences between juvenile and adult skulls. Children's bone is less calcified, allowing for "greenstick fractures." The overall ratio of cranial to facial volume decreases with age. In children, tooth buds comprise the majority of mandibular volume. The most common pediatric craniomaxillofacial fractures for children ages 0 to 18 years old are mandible, nasal bone, and maxilla and zygoma. Growth potential must be considered when addressing pediatric trauma and often a less-is-more approach is best when considering open versus closed treatment. Regardless of treatment, pediatric trauma cases must be followed through skeletal maturity.

http://ift.tt/2yrCaDI

Eyelid and Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma

Facial trauma often involves injuries to the eyelid and periorbital region. Management of these injuries can be challenging due to the involvement of multiple complex anatomic structures that are in close proximity. Restoration of normal anatomic relationships of the eyelids and periocular structures is essential for optimum functional and aesthetic outcome after trauma. This review provides an overview of the current literature involving soft tissue trauma of the eyelid and periorbital tissue, and highlights key steps in patient evaluation and management with various types of injuries.

http://ift.tt/2xTfYp4

Emergent Soft Tissue Repair in Facial Trauma

Emergency personnel, surgeons, and ancillary health care providers frequently encounter soft tissue injuries in facial trauma. Appropriate evaluation and management is essential to achieve optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.

http://ift.tt/2yrlBb7

Current Management of Subcondylar Fractures of the Mandible, Including Endoscopic Repair

Treatment of subcondylar fractures has been the subject of debate for many years. Options for treatment include physical therapy, elastic maxillomandibular fixation, and open repair. Proper imaging and clinical evaluation are imperative when deciding on the best management option. In the past, most subcondylar fractures were treated with a closed approach. Recent data support open repair, when feasible. Studies show increased interincisal opening, lateral excursion, and protrusion with less mandibular shortening, jaw deviation, and pain. There are serious side effects that may be associated with open repair. The surgical technique for endoscopic repair is outlined in detail.

http://ift.tt/2xTMpnr

Updates in Management of Craniomaxillofacial Gunshot Wounds and Reconstruction of the Mandible

This article includes updates in the management of mandibular trauma and reconstruction as they relate to maxillomandibular fixation screws, custom hardware, virtual surgical planning, and protocols for use of computer-aided surgery and navigation when managing composite defects from gunshot injuries to the face.

http://ift.tt/2yr3Ng5

Management of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures

Zygomaticomaxillary fractures account for approximately 25% of all facial fractures. They can be grouped into high-velocity and low-velocity injuries. A complete head and neck examination is critical for accurate clinical diagnosis. A thin-cut axial CT scan with sagittal, coronal, and 3-D reconstruction is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. A thorough understanding of bony tetrapod anatomy and fracture mechanics is critical to treatment planning. Treatment options include closed and open reduction with internal fixation. Computer-aided applications can reduce the need for open reduction and improve the accuracy of both closed and open repairs.

http://ift.tt/2xTeOK6

Correction of Nasal Fractures

Nasal fractures are the most frequently fractured facial bone from blunt facial trauma resulting in a significant number of patients seeking treatment. Proper evaluation and treatment in the acute setting can minimize secondary surgeries, lower overall health care costs, and increase patient satisfaction. Nasal fracture management, however, varies widely between surgeons. The open treatment of isolated nasal fractures is a particularly controversial subject. This review seeks to describe the existing literature in isolated nasal fracture management.

http://ift.tt/2yr3CkV

Trauma in Facial Plastic Surgery

The optimal management of frontal sinus fractures remains controversial. Fortunately, the severity of these injuries has diminished with more stringent auto-safety regulations, changing the treatment paradigms used to repair these injuries. Appropriate patient selection and close follow-up may allow for conservative management strategies when dealing with frontal sinus fractures, largely replacing the more morbid and invasive techniques that have been the mainstay for years. Because acute and delayed sequelae can arise after the initial injury, patients should be thoroughly counseled about the importance of follow-up and the need to seek medical care if they develop any concerning signs or symptoms.

http://ift.tt/2xTJQBS

Neurosurgical Considerations in Craniofacial Trauma

Spinal and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) often accompany craniofacial trauma. Neurosurgical considerations can range from initial emergent surgery to conservative management of closed head injuries in patients with craniofacial injuries. This article discusses the most common disorders managed by neurosurgeons in the setting of craniofacial trauma, and reviews the usual timing and setting for various treatments that patients with TBI encounter throughout the course of treatment. It also highlights the consequences of TBI on the timing and planning of craniofacial repairs and the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation to provide comprehensive care to survivors of trauma.

http://ift.tt/2yrDruA

Sandwich compression with rubbery tourniquet sheets and cotton balls for auricular pseudocyst

Objectives/Hypothesis

Pseudocyst of the auricle is a benign, noninflammatory cystic disease that is more common in Asians than in Caucasians. When managed conservatively, the results are often unsatisfactory and recurrences are common. We aimed to introduce a novel modified surgical method that involves a deroofing technique followed by a sandwich compression suture using two rubber tourniquet sheets and an iodine-soaked cotton ball for the treatment of auricular pseudocysts and to ascertain its effectiveness.

Study Design

Case series with or without comparison.

Methods

The charts of 100 patients with auricular pseudocysts who were treated with this new method from 2004 to 2016 in a university-affiliated tertiary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.

Results

The mean patient age was 37.7 years, and 84% were male. All of the patients had unilateral lesions, with right-side lesions (53.0%) being slightly predominant. The cymba concha (44.1%) was the most common site. Seven patients (7.0%) had trauma to the ear within 3 months before presentation. Previous aspiration or drainage had been performed for the cysts in 35 patients (35.0%), and the recurrences had been treated conservatively. In comparison, 98 of the 100 patients recovered smoothly from surgery without further recurrence or complications after follow-up for at least 1 year.

Conclusions

Based on our experience, not only does this surgical procedure yield reliable results in the treatment of pseudocysts of auricles, but it also has advantages such as using readily available materials, being simple to perform, improving efficacy, and lowering recurrence rates.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2017

http://ift.tt/2xxl757

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells prevented rat vocal fold scarring

Objectives/Hypothesis

This study aimed to reveal the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) on prevention of vocal fold scarring by investigating how the immediate ASCs transplantation into the injured rat vocal fold affect the levels of gene transcription and translation.

Study Design

Prospective animal experiments with controls.

Methods

ASCs harvested from green fluorescent protein transgenic rat (ASCs group) or saline (sham group) were injected into the thyroarytenoid muscle of Sprague-Dawley rats immediately after stripping the vocal fold. For histological examinations, larynges were extirpated at 3, 14, and 56 days after the injection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses were performed at 3 and 14 days after the injection.

Results

Transplanted ASCs were detected only in larynges at day 3. At days 14 and 56, histological examination showed significantly higher amounts of hyaluronic acid and lower deposition of collagen in the ASCs group compared to the sham group. Real-time PCR revealed that the ASCs group showed low expression of procollagen (Col)1a1, Col1a3, matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)1 and Mmp8 in each time points. The ASCs group showed high expression of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf)2 and Hepatocyte growth factor (Hgf) compared to the sham group at day 14.

Conclusions

ASCs increased expressions of Fgf2 and Hgf, and suppressed excessive collagen deposition during vocal fold wound healing. Given the fact that ASCs survived no more than 14 days, ASCs were thought to induce upregulations of growth factors' genes in surrounding cells. These results suggested that ASCs have potential to prevent vocal fold scarring.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2017

http://ift.tt/2fko1DT

Systematic assessment of clinical outcomes and toxicities of proton radiotherapy for reirradiation

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Vivek Verma, Jean-Claude M. Rwigema, Robert S. Malyapa, William F. Regine, Charles B. Simone
Reirradiation (reRT) for locoregional recurrences poses unique challenges and risks; re-treatment using proton beam radiotherapy (PBT) could prove advantageous. Assessing clinical outcomes and toxicity profiles, this systematic review comprehensively evaluated available evidence regarding PBT reRT. Fourteen original investigations across central nervous system (CNS) (n=6), head/neck (H&N) (n=4), lung (n=2), and gastrointestinal (n=2) malignancies were analyzed. PBT for recurrent uveal melanoma achieved 5-year eye retention of 55%; for chordomas, reRT afforded a 2-year local control and overall survival (OS) of 85% and 80%, respectively. Multiple PBT reRT studies for adult gliomas illustrate no grade ≥3 toxicities. Two pediatric CNS tumor studies demonstrated the safety and efficacy of reRT, with one total grade 3 toxicity and achievement of longer-term OS. PBT for H&N malignancies shows appropriate local/locoregional control and favorable toxicity profiles versus historical photon-based methods, including low (9–10%) rates of feeding tube placement. PBT for recurrent lung cancer can achieve favorable survival with expected toxicities/complications of reRT, especially with concurrent chemotherapy and centrally located recurrences. Lastly, PBT reRT in gastrointestinal malignancies induced very few high-grade complications. Hence, based on the limited existing data, PBT is a notably safe reRT modality for effective salvage of recurrent disease. Institutional experiences must continue to be reported: dosimetric correlations, late toxicities, and advanced PBT techniques.



http://ift.tt/2hhnjaN

Treatment of psoriasis with topical agents: Recommendations from a Tuscany Consensus

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease, clinically characterized by erythematous and scaly plaques. Treatment approach is mainly driven by disease severity, though several factors should be considered in order to identify the optimal therapeutic choice. Mild psoriasis may be treated with a wide array of topical agents including corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, keratolytics, and calcipotriol/betamethasone propionate compound. Because guidelines may not provide practical indications regarding the therapeutic approach, the use of topical agents in psoriasis is more individually tailored. In order to homogenize the standard of care, at least in a local setting, we collected the real-life-based recommendations for the use of topical therapies from an expert panel, the Tuscany Consensus Group on Psoriasis, representing all leading centers for psoriasis established in Tuscany. With this document, this consensus group sought to define principles guiding the selection of therapeutic agents with straightforward recommendations derived from a real-life setting.

http://ift.tt/2xTTB2M

Treatment of psoriasis with topical agents: Recommendations from a Tuscany Consensus

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease, clinically characterized by erythematous and scaly plaques. Treatment approach is mainly driven by disease severity, though several factors should be considered in order to identify the optimal therapeutic choice. Mild psoriasis may be treated with a wide array of topical agents including corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, keratolytics, and calcipotriol/betamethasone propionate compound. Because guidelines may not provide practical indications regarding the therapeutic approach, the use of topical agents in psoriasis is more individually tailored. In order to homogenize the standard of care, at least in a local setting, we collected the real-life-based recommendations for the use of topical therapies from an expert panel, the Tuscany Consensus Group on Psoriasis, representing all leading centers for psoriasis established in Tuscany. With this document, this consensus group sought to define principles guiding the selection of therapeutic agents with straightforward recommendations derived from a real-life setting.

http://ift.tt/2xTTB2M

Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana infection in the hemolymph serum proteins of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae)

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana plays a prominent role in biocontrol of houseflies, Musca domestica (L.). Thus, a deeper insight into immune response of M. domestica during B. bassiana infection was warranted to assist the production of more efficient mycoinsecticides. The present study investigates changes in protein profile of M. domestica hemolymph serum post B. bassiana infection using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) followed by identification of selected proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The non-infected or control group of flies showed an expression of 54 proteins, while M. domestica infected with B. bassiana expressed a total of 68 hemolymph serum proteins. Thirty three proteins were expressed in both groups of houseflies, whereas 35 proteins were exclusively expressed in infected flies and 21 proteins were exclusively expressed in control flies. Among the 33 proteins which were expressed in both groups of houseflies, 17 proteins showed downregulation, while16 proteins were upregulated in the infected flies compared to the non-infected ones. The results from this study are expected to facilitate better understanding of insect's immune response mechanism.

http://ift.tt/2xpiGBo

Presence of periaortic gas in Clostridium septicum-infected aortic aneurysm aids in early diagnosis: a case report and systematic review of the literature

Clostridium septicum-infected aortic aneurysm is a fatal and rare disease. We present a fatal case of C. septicum-infected aortic aneurysm and a pertinent literature review with treatm...

http://ift.tt/2wzfBQt

An assessment of the potential use of compost filled plastic void forming units to serve as vents on historic landfills and related sites

Abstract

Much of the solid municipal waste generated by society is sent to landfill, where biodegrading processes result in the release of methane, a major contributor to climate change. This work examined the possibility of installing a type of biofilter within paved areas of the landfill site, making use of modified pervious paving, both to allow the escape of ground gas and to avoid contamination of groundwater, using specially designed test models with provision for gas sampling in various chambers. It proposes the incorporation of an active layer within a void forming box with a view to making dual use of the pervious pavement to provide both a drainage feature and a ground gas vent, whilst providing an active layer for the oxidation of methane by microbial action. The methane removal was observed to have been effected by microbial oxidation and as such offers great promise as a method of methane removal to allow for development of landfills.

http://ift.tt/2wIpPJe

Compound-specific isotopic and congener-specific analyses of polychlorinated biphenyl in the heat medium and rice oil of the Yusho incident

Abstract

Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) can be used to examine the source and transformation processes of organic pollutants in the environment. We performed a carbon stable isotope analysis of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in the PCB heat-transfer medium (heat medium) and the original Kanechlor-400 (KC-400, a commercial brand of PCBs) involved in the Yusho incident. The main purpose is to investigate whether isotope fractionation occurred in the rice oil deodorization process that caused the incident. The carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C values) of the targeted PCB congeners ranged from − 29.39 to − 27.00‰ in the heat medium and from − 28.77 to − 27.05‰ in the original KC-400. No significant differences were found in the δ¹³C values, suggesting carbon isotope fractionation did not occur for the targeted PCB congeners in the heat medium when deodorization of rice oil occurred at temperatures above 200 °C. Furthermore, we also conducted a congener-specific analysis of 64 PCB congeners found in the heat medium and rice oil contaminated by it. The total PCB congener concentrations were 503 mg/g in the heat medium and 81 μg/g in the rice oil. The concentrations of the highly chlorinated congeners were significantly lower in the heat medium than in the original KC-400, and the compositional ratios of the lowly chlorinated congeners were relatively lower in the rice oil than in the heat medium. These results suggest that the PCB congener patterns gradually changed from that of the original KC-400 in the deodorization process and subsequent contamination into the rice oil. Thus, a combination of CSIA and congener-specific analysis is a new approach for investigating the changing PCB congener profiles in samples from the Yusho incident.

http://ift.tt/2xoQHlh

Corneal Warpage due to Massage Following Eyelid Surgery.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2fc2XeR

Monitoring harm perceptions of smokeless tobacco products among U.S. adults: Health Information National Trends Survey 2012, 2014, 2015

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Addictive Behaviors, Volume 77
Author(s): Shari P. Feirman, Elisabeth A. Donaldson, Mark Parascandola, Kimberly Snyder, Cindy Tworek
IntroductionChanges to the U.S. smokeless tobacco landscape in recent years include a change to health warnings on packages, the implementation of bans in some stadiums, and the launch of a federal youth prevention campaign. It is unclear whether such changes have impacted consumer beliefs about smokeless tobacco. This study examines relative harm perceptions of smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes among adults and assesses changes in smokeless tobacco harm perceptions over time.MethodsWe analyzed data from three cycles (2012, 2014, 2015) of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Using 2015 data, we assessed bivariate associations between smokeless tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use, beliefs, information seeking, and demographics. Using 2012, 2014, and 2015 data, we assessed whether smokeless tobacco harm perceptions changed over time within demographic groups using chi-square tests. We then used a weighted multinomial logistic regression to assess the association between smokeless tobacco perceptions and survey year, adjusting for covariates.ResultsWhen asked whether smokeless tobacco products are less harmful than cigarettes, the majority of respondents across cycles said "no." The percent of respondents who selected this response option decreased over time. Findings showed significant differences in relative harm perceptions of smokeless tobacco versus cigarettes for specific demographic subgroups. Among subgroups, these shifts did not occur with a discernible pattern.ConclusionsUnderstanding factors associated with perceptions of smokeless tobacco can inform tobacco control efforts. Additional monitoring of these trends may provide researchers with a deeper understanding of how and why smokeless tobacco harm perceptions change.



http://ift.tt/2xk9sEV

Accesses for alcohol intoxication to the emergency department and the risk of re-hospitalization: An observational retrospective study

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Addictive Behaviors, Volume 77
Author(s): Maurizio Baldassarre, Fabio Caputo, Raimondo Maria Pavarin, Matteo Massimo Bossi, Maria Elena Bonavita, Paolo Caraceni, Alice Grignaschi, Mimosa Balloni, Mario Cavazza, Mauro Bernardi, Marco Domenicali
BackgroundAlcohol use disorders (AUD) are a frequent cause of admission to emergency departments (EDs) for acute alcohol intoxication (AAI). Patients with AUD present a higher risk of readmission to EDs for AAI than the general population, however, the distinction between sporadic AAI and AAI in the context of AUD in the ED setting is difficult.AimsTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of patients admitted to EDs because of AAI and to identify factors associated with repeated admissions in order to develop a risk stratification system for patients with AUD based on objective data that can be easily applied in an ED setting.MethodsAn observational retrospective study was performed. All patients with diagnosis of AAI at admission in 2014 were enrolled.ResultsFive hundred and sixty-five patients were enrolled, of which 92 (16%) were admitted more than once to the ED. At multivariate analysis, factors associated with readmission were past episodes of alcohol abuse, social discomfort, previous traumas and psychiatric disorders. Basing on this parameter, a risk-score for re-hospitalization was developed. This score has a high predictive power for the risk of readmission to the ED (AROC 0.837, 95%CI 0.808–0.866), moreover, the cumulative probability of readmission within one year, increased in parallel with score value, being highest in patients presenting 3 or more risk factors.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that several risk factors stratify the risk of re-hospitalization in patients admitted to EDs for AAI, allowing the identification of those presenting more severe conditions and who would likely benefit from multidisciplinary intervention.



http://ift.tt/2xk9tIZ

Can attitudes about smoking impact cigarette cravings?

Publication date: January 2018
Source:Addictive Behaviors, Volume 76
Author(s): Lauren Bertin, Samara Lipsky, Joel Erblich
Cigarette cravings, especially those in response to environmental stressors and other smoking-related triggers (e.g., passing by a favorite smoking spot), are important contributors to smoking behavior and relapse. Previous studies have demonstrated significant individual differences in such cravings. This study explores the possibility that attitudes about smoking can influence the experience of cigarette craving. Consistent with classical theories of the links between cognition and motivation, we predicted that smokers who exhibit more favorable attitudes towards smoking would have greater cravings. Daily smokers (n=103, mean age=41.8years, 33% female) were instructed to imagine smoking, stress, and neutral scenarios. Cravings were measured prior to and after each exposure. Participants also completed an abridged version of the Smoking Consequence Questionnaire (SCQ) that had them rate the: 1) desirability and 2) likelihood, for eighteen separate negative smoking consequences (e.g., "The more I smoke, the more I risk my health", "People will think less of me if they see me smoking"). Findings revealed that favorable attitudes about the consequences of smoking, as measured by the SCQ-desirability index, significantly predicted cigarette cravings. Findings suggest that individual attitudes toward smoking may play an important role in better understanding cigarette cravings, which may ultimately help identify targets for more efficient and effective cognitive/attitude-based interventions for smoking cessation.



http://ift.tt/2hjZfAq

Induction of heme oxygenas-1 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 52
Author(s): Hu Xiaoyu, Hongbin Si, Shumin Li, Wenqing Wang, Jian Guo, Yanyi Li, Yongguo Cao, Yunhe Fu, Naisheng Zhang
Mastitis is one of most prevalent production disease in dairy herds worldwide, and is responsible for enormous economic losses. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a cytoprotective enzyme, which is involved in the response to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to detect the protective effect of HO-1 on LPS-induced mastitis in mice. BALB/c mice were pretreated with hemin (HO-1 inducer) and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP; HO-1 inhibitor) at 2h before LPS stimulation. The results showed that the mammary gland damage, production of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, and MPO activity in mammary gland tissues were significantly reduced after pretreated with hemin compared with the group of LPS stimulation only. However, ZnPP reversed the effects of hemin. Furthermore, we found that the levels of ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome were increased after LPS stimulation. The increases were inhibited by hemin and the inhibition of hemin on ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were blocked by ZnPP. In addition, the results showed that hemin reduced the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) induced by LPS, and ZnPP attenuated these changes. In conclusion, the results suggested that overproduction of HO-1 may inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the expression of TXNIP. Induction of HO-1 may be served as a promising method against mastitis induced by LPS.

Graphical abstract

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The potent suppressive effect of β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000) on molecular expression of the TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in ankylosing spondylitis patients

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 52
Author(s): Maryam Roozbehkia, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Somaye Aletaha, Nima Rezaei, Mohammad Javad Fattahi, Fahimeh Jafarnezhad-Ansariha, Anis Barati, Abbas Mirshafiey
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by the inflammation of sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. A combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors are involved in AS's pathogenesis. TLRs are type I transmembrane glycoproteins that play a crucial role in the innate immune responses against invading pathogens. Observational studies have demonstrated a possible association between TLR dysregulation and AS. The β-d-mannuronic acid (M2000), as a novel NSAID with immunosuppressive property, has shown an inhibitory effect on Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 signaling in HEK293 cells. In the present study, we investigated the gene expression of Myd88, IKB-alpha, NF-kB and MAPK14 (genes of the TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway) in AS patients in comparison to healthy subjects and also the effect of β-d-mannuronic acid on disease activity and mRNA expression of these molecules in affected patients. We showed for the first time that the gene expression level of Myd88, IKB-alpha, NF-kB and MAPK14 was higher in AS patients in comparison to healthy subjects. Moreover we confirmed that the β-d-mannuronic acid not just reduced significantly the disease activity of AS individuals compared to placebo, but also it could significantly decrease the expression level of genes associated with TLR/NF-kB Signaling Pathway in treated patients with M2000. These results may provide a new therapeutic approach to attenuate inflammatory responses in AS patients, (Identified; IRCT 2013062213739N1).



http://ift.tt/2yfgLgn

Increased cycles of DC/CIK immunotherapy decreases frequency of Tregs in patients with resected NSCLC

Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 52
Author(s): Haiping Song, Shujuan Liu, Ziyun Zhao, Weihong Sun, Xiaofang Wei, Xuezhen Ma, Peng Zhao, Daiqing Gao
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress antitumor immune responses. Cycles of Dendritic cells (DC) vaccination combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (DC/CIK) treatment were significantly related with good prognosis. Therefore, we investigated whether increased cycles of immunotherapy could decrease frequency of Tregs in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous study from our laboratory has determined that the optimal cutoff point of the cycle count was 3cycles. We examined the levels of Tregs and the related cytokines by flow cytometric and cytokine analysis in these patients after more than (≥) 3cycles or less than (<) 3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment. Significant reduction of Tregs frequency, Treg-generated cytokines level and recurrence rate were presented in patients received with ≥3cycles of DC/CIK cell treatment compared with patients with <3cycles of treatment. Interestingly, Tregs frequency and the related cytokines level were similar between patients suffered tumor recurrence and patients without recurrence in both groups. Together, our findings reveal that increased cycle count of DC/CIK cell immunotherapy contribute to decline of Tregs frequency and cancer recurrence rate in patients with resected NSCLC.



http://ift.tt/2xj2D6q

Evaluation of cutaneous rejuvenation associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed marine collagen

Summary

Background

Organic silicon plays an important role in dermal structure by promoting neocollagenesis. Thus, the supplementation of silicon in a highly bioavailable form can be used for skin rejuvenation.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate skin changes associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen.

Patients/Methods

Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen (group 1, n = 11) or placebo (group 2, n = 11) to be taken 15 minutes before breakfast for 90 days. Clinical, photographical, and patients' subjective evaluations were conducted.

Results

A total of 22 patients were included. Clinical evaluations demonstrated changes in skin texture, firmness, and hydration statistically superior in group 1. Brightness, firmness, and overall appearance showed trends for a difference favoring group 1 according to patients' subjective evaluations. Objective images showed no statistical differences. No side effects, hypersensitivity, or systemic symptoms were observed in group 1. Treatment satisfaction in group 1 reached 80%.

Conclusions

Ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen in a daily dose of 600 mg showed positive results in skin rejuvenation according to clinical evaluation in firmness, hydration, and skin texture. Further studies with larger and representative samples should be conducted to confirm our results.

http://ift.tt/2hiotmH

Comparative instrumental evaluation of efficacy and safety between a binary and a ternary system in chemexfoliation

Summary

Objective

To instrumentally evaluate the efficacy and the safety of a new ternary system chemo exfoliating formulation (water-dimethyl isosorbide-acid) vs traditional binary systems (water and acid) where the acid is maintained in both the systems at the same concentration.

Methods

Different peelings (binary system pyruvic acid and trichloroacetic acid—TCA, and ternary system pyruvic acid and TCA) were tested on the volar forearm of 20 volunteers of both sexes between 28 and 50 years old. The outcomes were evaluated at the baseline, 10 minutes, 24 hours, and 1 week after the peeling by means of noninvasive skin diagnosis techniques. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy was used for stratum corneum evaluation, transepidermal waterloss, and Corneometry for skin barrier and hydration, Laser Doppler velocimetry in association with colorimetry for irritation and erythema analysis.

Results

The instrumental data obtained showed that the efficacy and safety of the new ternary system peel compounds were significantly higher compared with the binary system formulations tested. The new formulation peels improved chemexfoliation and reduced complications such as irritation, redness, and postinflammatory pigmentation compared to the traditional aqueous solutions.

Conclusion

The study showed that ternary system chemexfoliation, using a controlled delivery technology, was able to provide the same clinical effects in term of stratum corneum reduction with a significantly reduced barrier alteration, water loss, and irritation/erythema compared to traditional binary system peels.

http://ift.tt/2hk879b

Evaluation of cutaneous rejuvenation associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed marine collagen

Summary

Background

Organic silicon plays an important role in dermal structure by promoting neocollagenesis. Thus, the supplementation of silicon in a highly bioavailable form can be used for skin rejuvenation.

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate skin changes associated with the use of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen.

Patients/Methods

Patients were randomized to receive 600 mg of ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen (group 1, n = 11) or placebo (group 2, n = 11) to be taken 15 minutes before breakfast for 90 days. Clinical, photographical, and patients' subjective evaluations were conducted.

Results

A total of 22 patients were included. Clinical evaluations demonstrated changes in skin texture, firmness, and hydration statistically superior in group 1. Brightness, firmness, and overall appearance showed trends for a difference favoring group 1 according to patients' subjective evaluations. Objective images showed no statistical differences. No side effects, hypersensitivity, or systemic symptoms were observed in group 1. Treatment satisfaction in group 1 reached 80%.

Conclusions

Ortho-silicic acid stabilized by hydrolyzed collagen in a daily dose of 600 mg showed positive results in skin rejuvenation according to clinical evaluation in firmness, hydration, and skin texture. Further studies with larger and representative samples should be conducted to confirm our results.

http://ift.tt/2hiotmH

Comparative instrumental evaluation of efficacy and safety between a binary and a ternary system in chemexfoliation

Summary

Objective

To instrumentally evaluate the efficacy and the safety of a new ternary system chemo exfoliating formulation (water-dimethyl isosorbide-acid) vs traditional binary systems (water and acid) where the acid is maintained in both the systems at the same concentration.

Methods

Different peelings (binary system pyruvic acid and trichloroacetic acid—TCA, and ternary system pyruvic acid and TCA) were tested on the volar forearm of 20 volunteers of both sexes between 28 and 50 years old. The outcomes were evaluated at the baseline, 10 minutes, 24 hours, and 1 week after the peeling by means of noninvasive skin diagnosis techniques. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy was used for stratum corneum evaluation, transepidermal waterloss, and Corneometry for skin barrier and hydration, Laser Doppler velocimetry in association with colorimetry for irritation and erythema analysis.

Results

The instrumental data obtained showed that the efficacy and safety of the new ternary system peel compounds were significantly higher compared with the binary system formulations tested. The new formulation peels improved chemexfoliation and reduced complications such as irritation, redness, and postinflammatory pigmentation compared to the traditional aqueous solutions.

Conclusion

The study showed that ternary system chemexfoliation, using a controlled delivery technology, was able to provide the same clinical effects in term of stratum corneum reduction with a significantly reduced barrier alteration, water loss, and irritation/erythema compared to traditional binary system peels.

http://ift.tt/2hk879b

Masthead

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 5





http://ift.tt/2fBOU2U

Table of Contents

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 5





http://ift.tt/2xgAZt0

Editorial Board

Publication date: September–October 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 5





http://ift.tt/2fC6J1W

Laryngotracheal reconstruction and swallowing: A review

Significant advances in laryngotracheal reconstruction over the last few decades have revolutionised the management of paediatric patients with complex congenital or acquired airway stenosis. The primary aim of laryngotracheal reconstruction has focused primarily on airway and surgery specific outcomes, often at the expense of voice, as well as swallowing function, which are all intricately related. There is currently a paucity of data on swallowing outcome. The goal of this paper is to review and discuss the existing research on the impact of laryngotracheal on swallowing.

http://ift.tt/2xjF79m

Clinical variables determining the success of adenotonsillectomy in children with Down syndrome

To evaluate the evolution of polysomnographic parameters of children with Down syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome submitted to adenotonsillectomy and the interaction of comorbidities on therapeutic outcome.

http://ift.tt/2yeMMoF

Next-generation sequencing identifies three novel missense variants in ILDR1 and MYO6 genes in an Iranian family with hearing loss with review of the literature

Hearing impairment is the most common sensorineural disorder and is genetically heterogeneous. Identification of the pathogenic mutations underlying hearing impairment is difficult, since causative mutations in 127 different genes have so far been reported.

http://ift.tt/2xi21xD

Readability of online patient education materials for velopharyngeal insufficiency

Evaluate the readability of online and mobile application health information about velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI).

http://ift.tt/2yeMH4l

Cranial nerve non-invasive neuromodulation improves gait and balance in stroke survivors: A pilot randomised controlled trial

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Brain Stimulation
Author(s): Mary P. Galea, L. Eduardo Cofré Lizama, Andisheh Bastani, Maya G. Panisset, Fary Khan




http://ift.tt/2yshWdh

Short- and long-latency afferent inhibition; uses, mechanisms and influencing factors

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Brain Stimulation
Author(s): Claudia V. Turco, Jenin El-Sayes, Mitchell J. Savoie, Hunter J. Fassett, Mitchell B. Locke, Aimee J. Nelson
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an ideal technique for non-invasively stimulating the brain and assessing intracortical processes. By delivering electrical stimuli to a peripheral nerve prior to a TMS pulse directed to the motor cortex, the excitability and integrity of the sensorimotor system can be probed at short and long time intervals (short latency afferent inhibition, long latency afferent inhibition). The goal of this review is to detail the experimental factors that influence the magnitude and timing of afferent inhibition in the upper limb and these include the intensity of nerve and TMS delivery, and the nerve composition. Second, the neural mechanisms of SAI are discussed highlighting the lack of existing knowledge pertaining to LAI. Third, the usage of SAI and LAI as a tool to probe cognition and sensorimotor function is explored with suggestions for future avenues of research.



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Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Organ Transplantation.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2xS70bG

Acute Lung Injury and Repair: Scientific Fundamentals and Methods.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2jOo24r

Factors Influencing the Choice of Anesthesia as a Career by Undergraduates of the University of Rwanda.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2xTceUH

Administration of Hypertonic Solutions for Hemorrhagic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials.

BACKGROUND: Several clinical trials on hypertonic fluid administration have been completed, but the results have been inconclusive. The objective of this study is to summarize current evidence for treating hypovolemic patients with hypertonic solutions by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Major electronic databases were searched from inception through June 2014. We included only randomized controlled trials involving hemorrhagic shock patients treated with hypertonic solutions. After screening 570 trials, 12 were eligible for the final analysis. Pooled effect estimates were calculated with a random effect model. RESULTS: The 12 studies included 6 trials comparing 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) with 0.9% saline or Ringer's lactate solution and 11 trials comparing 7.5% hypertonic saline with dextran (HSD) with isotonic saline or Ringer's lactate. Overall, there were no statistically significant survival benefits for patients treated with HS (relative risk [RR], 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.12) or HSD (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.80-1.06). Treatment with hypertonic solutions was also not associated with increased complications (RR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.78-1.36). Subgroup analysis on trauma patients in the prehospital or emergency department settings did not change these conclusions. There was no evidence of significant publication bias. Metaregression analysis did not find any significant sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence does not reveal increased mortality when the administration of isotonic solutions is compared to HS or HSD in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. HS or HSD may be a viable alternative resuscitation fluid in the prehospital setting. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum volume and regimen of intravenous fluids for the treatment of trauma patients. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

http://ift.tt/2jJHKOq

The Little ICU Book, 2nd ed.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2xSAVjT

Preventing Mistransfusions: An Evaluation of Institutional Knowledge and a Response.

BACKGROUND: Blood product mistransfusions occur when a process error causes transfusion of incompatible blood products. These events are known sources of negative patient outcomes. One such event demonstrated an institutional knowledge gap and an opportunity to reduce this source of transfusion errors. The focus of this study was to evaluate the application of point of care cognitive aids to bridge potentially lethal knowledge gaps in blood product to patient compatibility. METHODS: A patient-donor ABO antigen compatibility grid for red blood cells (RBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) was developed for creation of a cognitive aid and a blood product safety quiz. Participants included 117 registered nurses and postgraduate medical interns who were given 2 minutes to complete the quiz for establishing institutional controls. A separate group of 111 registered nurses and interns were given the same timed quiz twice, without and then with a blood product compatibility cognitive aid. An analysis of covariance was used to evaluate without cognitive aid versus with cognitive aid quiz results while taking the specialty (nurse versus interns) and baseline score into consideration. The blood bank adopted the grid as a forcing function to be completed before release of blood products. RESULTS: The correct RBC answer percentage increased from 84.7% to 98.3% without and with cognitive aid (average improvement 13.6%, standard deviation [SD] = 18.3%, 95% confidence interval, 10.1%-17.1%, P

http://ift.tt/2jMefvD

The Relationship Between Women's Intention to Request a Labor Epidural Analgesia, Actually Delivering With Labor Epidural Analgesia, and Postpartum Depression at 6 Weeks: A Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum depression (PPD) is associated with pain during and after delivery, with studies showing reduced rates among women delivering with labor epidural analgesia (LEA). We hypothesized that women who intend to deliver with LEA but do not receive it are at higher risk for PPD at 6 weeks due to the combined experience of untreated labor pain and unmatched expectations during labor, and evaluated the interaction between labor plans related to LEA, satisfaction with pain control when actually delivering with LEA, and PPD at 6 weeks after delivery. METHODS: A total of 1497 women with a vaginal delivery were enrolled into this prospective longitudinal study. Women's initial intention to deliver with or without LEA, how they subsequently delivered, and satisfaction with pain relief were recorded on postpartum day 1. Primary aim was selected as PPD at 6 weeks among women intending to deliver with but subsequently delivering without LEA compared with the rest of the cohort. Primary outcome was PPD at 6 weeks using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; PPD was defined with a score >=10 (scale from 0 to 30). Demographic and obstetric data were recorded. Fisher exact test was used for comparisons between groups. The interaction between intention and actual delivery with regard to LEA and PPD was tested. RESULTS: Overall, 87 of 1326 women completing the study at 6 weeks had PPD (6.6%). For the primary aim, 439 (29.3%) delivered without LEA, of which 193 (12.9%) had intended to deliver with LEA; the PPD rate among these women was 8.1%, which was not statistically different from the rest of the cohort (6.3%; odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-2.38; P = .41). A total of 1058 women (70.7%) delivered with LEA and 439 (29.3%) delivered without; therefore, 1169 (78.1%) delivered as intended and 328 (21.9%) did not (unmatched expectations). Evaluating the interaction between effects, there was a strong negative additive interaction between intending to deliver without LEA and actually delivering with LEA (risk difference = -8.6%, 95% CI, 16.2%-1.6%; P = .014) suggesting that unmatched intention effect is significantly associated with negative outcome. In multiple regression analysis, while intending to deliver with LEA (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.11; P = .029) and actually delivering with LEA (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .018) both increased the odds for PPD, the multiplicative interaction was protective (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99; P = .022), after adjusting for cofactors. CONCLUSIONS: Our study results did not demonstrate a significant increase in the odds for PPD at 6 weeks among women who intended to deliver with LEA but subsequently delivered without. However, we identified a protective interaction between intended LEA use and actual use on the incidence of PPD. Our data suggest an increased risk when women do not deliver as intended, particularly when not initially intending to deliver with LEA. The relationship between unplanned LEA and PPD may be mediated by a physically difficult delivery rather than or in addition to negative emotions related to unmet expectations or a sense of personal failure; therefore, counseling women after delivery to address any negative perceptions may be useful. (C) 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society

http://ift.tt/2xTbPl9

Other Specialties Might Have a GPS.

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2jMdUZT

Nanomaterials to microplastics: Swings and roundabouts

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2017
Source:Nano Today
Author(s): J.J. Scott-Fordsmand, J.M. Navas, K. Hund-Rinke, B. Nowack, M.J.B. Amorim
In recent years, the testing of nanomaterials during their use in products has been increasingly emphasized, as this will provide a more realistic risk assessment (RA) compared with RA based on pristine nanomaterials. We show that (i) using such an approach for a "realistic" RA is increasing the complexity of the RA, (ii) several testing-aspects render this approach more challenging than the conventional methods, (iii) interpretation of the results becomes difficult, and (iv) the resulting RA may need to be evaluated carefully as it yields improved understanding of the short-term fate of the individual product, but long-term consequences may be neglected.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2fd1oxe

Biodiversity change behind wide applications of nanomaterials?

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Nano Today
Author(s): Ming Chen, Xiaosheng Qin, Guangming Zeng
Nanomaterials, like carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, are increasingly applied in a wide range of areas with numerous benefits to economy and society. Large-scale production and applications of nanomaterials can increase the possibility of exposure to living organisms, pose risks to human health and ecosystems, and potentially lead to biodiversity losses. Previous environmental impact and safety studies that targeted nanomaterials typically focused on their toxicity, fate and behavior; little attention was paid on biodiversity consequences. Evidence for acute biodiversity change derived from nanomaterials is very limited. Several organizations and researchers have started to discern the relationship between biodiversity and nanotechnology. Nevertheless, more efforts are desired to explore the impacts of nanomaterials on biodiversity.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2w7yyp1

SIRT6 inhibitors with salicylate-like structure show immunosuppressive and chemosensitizing effects

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Patrizia Damonte, Giovanna Sociali, Marco Daniele Parenti, Debora Soncini, Inga Bauer, Silvia Boero, Alessia Grozio, Maria von Holtey, Francesco Piacente, Pamela Becherini, Roberta Sanguineti, Annalisa Salis, Gianluca Damonte, Michele Cea, Maximilien Murone, Alessandro Poggi, Alessio Nencioni, Alberto Del Rio, Santina Bruzzone
The NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase SIRT6 is an emerging cancer drug target, whose inhibition sensitizes cancer cells to chemo-radiotherapy and has pro-differentiating effects. Here we report on the identification of novel SIRT6 inhibitors with a salicylate-based structure. The new SIRT6 inhibitors show improved potency and specificity compared to the hit inhibitor identified in an in-silico compound screen. As predicted based on SIRT6 biological roles, the new leads increase histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation and glucose uptake in cultured cells, while blocking TNF-α production and T lymphocyte proliferation. Notably, the new SIRT6 inhibitors effectively sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine. Finally, studies of compound fingerprinting and pharmacokinetics defined the drug-like properties of one of the new SIRT6 inhibitors, potentially allowing for subsequent in vivo proof-of-concept studies. In conclusion, new SIRT6 inhibitors with a salicylate-like structure were identified, which are active in cells and could potentially find applications in disease conditions, including cancer and immune-mediated disorders.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2faXhBK

The compound (3- {5- [(2, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazolidin-2-yl}-5,8-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one) inhibits the prion protein conversion from PrPC to PrPSc with lower IC50 in ScN2a cells

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Nataraj S. Pagadala, Trent C. Bjorndahl, Michael Joyce, David S. Wishart, Khajamohiddin Syed, Abdolamir Landi
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system characterized by the accumulation of a protease resistant form (PrP^Sc) of the cellular prion protein (PrP^C) in the brain. Two types of cellular prion (PrP^C) compounds have been identified that appear to affect prion conversion are known as Effective Binders (EBs) and Accelerators (ACCs). Effective binders shift the balance in favour of PrP^C, whereas Accelerators favour the formation of PrP^Sc. Molecular docking indicates EBs and ACCs both bind to pocket-D of the SHaPrP^C molecule. However, EBs and ACCs may have opposing effects on the stability of the salt bridge between Arg¹⁵⁶ and Glu¹⁹⁶/Glu²⁰⁰. Computational docking data indicate that the hydrophobic benzamide group of the EB, GFP23 and the 1-(3, 3-dimethylcyclohexylidene) piperidinium group of the ACC, GFP22 play an important role in inhibition and conversion from SHaPrP^C to SHaPrP^Sc, respectively. Experimentally, NMR confirmed the amide chemical shift perturbations observed upon the binding of GFP23 to pocket-D of SHaPrP^C. Consistent with its role as an ACC, titration of GFP22 resulted in widespread chemical shift changes and signal intensity loss due to protein unfolding. Virtual screening of a ligand database using the molecular scaffold developed from the set of EBs identified six of our compounds (previously studied using fluorescence quenching) as being among the top 100 best binders. Among them, compounds 5 and 6 were found to be particularly potent in decreasing the accumulation SHaPrP^Sc in ScN2a cells with an IC50 of ∼35 µM and 20 µM.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2fbHwdU

9-Substituted acridine derivatives as acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors possessing antioxidant activity for Alzheimer's disease treatment

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Galina F. Makhaeva, Sofya V. Lushchekina, Natalia P. Boltneva, Olga G. Serebryakova, Elena V. Rudakova, Alexey A. Ustyugov, Sergey O. Bachurin, Alexander V. Shchepochkin, Oleg N. Chupakhin, Valery N. Charushin, Rudy J. Richardson
We investigated the inhibitory activity of 4 groups of novel acridine derivatives against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE) using the methods of enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. Antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined using the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS^.+) radical decolorization assay as their ability to scavenge free radicals. Analysis of the esterase profiles and antiradical activities of the acridine derivatives showed that 9-aryl(heteroaryl)-N-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridines have a high radical-scavenging activity but low potency as AChE and BChE inhibitors, whereas 9-aryl(heteroaryl)-N-methyl-acridinium tetrafluoroborates effectively inhibit cholinesterases but do not exhibit antiradical activity. In contrast, a group of derivatives of 9-heterocyclic amino-N-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine has been found that combine effective inhibition of AChE and BChE with rather high radical-scavenging activity. The results of molecular docking well explain the observed features in the efficacy, selectivity, and mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition by the acridine derivatives. Thus, in a series of acridine derivatives we have found compounds possessing dual properties of effective and selective cholinesterase inhibition together with free radical scavenging, which makes promising the use of the acridine scaffold to create multifunctional drugs for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2fbBoT3

Doppler ultrasonography can be useful to determine the etiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

This study aims to evaluate clinical features of both carotid and vertebral arteries in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) patients and healthy individuals to contribute additional knowledge on vascular compromise theory.

http://ift.tt/2xxBZZL

Lamina papyracea position in patients with nasal polypi: A computed tomography analysis

This study aimed to describe the positions of the lamina papyracea (LP) in patients who had nasal polypi, by computed tomography (CT) analysis.

http://ift.tt/2fjADuD

Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer system between GNRs and Ru(bpy)32+: Application in magnetic aptasensor for β-amyloid

Publication date: 15 February 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 100
Author(s): Hong Ke, Haifeng Sha, Yinfang Wang, Weiwei Guo, Xin Zhang, Zhiming Wang, Chusen Huang, Nengqin Jia
Electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay has gradually drawn increasing interest in the biomedical analysis. This paper proposed a new methodology for ultrasensitive and facile detection of Alzheimer's disease marker β-amyloid (Aβ) by fabricating a sandwich-type ECL sensing platform. Herein, electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) was employed to determine Aβ concentration, which can be attributed to the quenching effect from RET between Ru(bpy)3²⁺ and gold nanorods (GNRs) acting as ECL-RET electron donor and acceptor, respectively. In this protocol, mesoporous carbon nanospheres were adopted to immobilize ECL reactant Ru(bpy)3²⁺ and antibody via nafion to acquire the RET donor nanocomposites (MOCs/nafion/Ru(bpy)3²⁺/antibody), which were tightly interconnected with epoxy group functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles. It is of vital importance that GNRs with exquisite rod shape were synthesized and exhibited a typical absorption peak at 650nm to quench ECL signal of Ru(bpy)3²⁺ effectively. In addition, the ECL emission decreased linearly with the logarithm of Aβ concentration in a wide linear range from 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ to 100ng/mL with a detection limit of 4.2 × 10⁻⁶ng/mL. Furthermore, distinctive and desirable properties were verified to declare the promise for being applicable to analyze the Aβ content in real Alzheimer's cerebrospinal fluid samples with satisfactory results.



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Tetrahedral DNA probe coupling with hybridization chain reaction for competitive thrombin aptasensor

Publication date: 15 February 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 100
Author(s): Ying-Xu Chen, Ke-Jing Huang, Liu-Liu He, Yi-Han Wang
A novel competitive aptasensor for thrombin detection is developed by using a tetrahedral DNA (T-DNA) probe and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) signal amplification. Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped reduced graphene oxide (SN-rGO) is firstly prepared by a simple reflux method and used for supporting substrate of biosensor. Then, T-DNA probe is modified on the electrode by Au-S bond and a competition is happened between target thrombin and the complementary DNA (cDNA) of aptamer. The aptamer binding to thrombin forms an aptamer-target conjugate and make the cDNA remained, and subsequently hybridizes with the vertical domain of T-DNA. Finally, the cDNAs trigger HCR, which results in a great current response by the catalysis of horseradish peroxidase to the hydrogen peroxide + hydroquinone system. For thrombin detection, the proposed biosensor shows a wide linearity range of 10^–13–10⁻⁸M and a low detection limit of 11.6fM (S/N = 3), which is hopeful to apply in biotechnology and clinical diagnosis.



http://ift.tt/2xTfOOE

Doppler ultrasonography can be useful to determine the etiology of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

This study aims to evaluate clinical features of both carotid and vertebral arteries in the idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) patients and healthy individuals to contribute additional knowledge on vascular compromise theory.

http://ift.tt/2xxBZZL

Lamina papyracea position in patients with nasal polypi: A computed tomography analysis

This study aimed to describe the positions of the lamina papyracea (LP) in patients who had nasal polypi, by computed tomography (CT) analysis.

http://ift.tt/2fjADuD

Contents

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 54, Issue 4





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One year on: Test your knowledge from the previous year

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 54, Issue 4





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Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 54, Issue 4





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EJVES vol. 54, issue 4 (October 2017) - Spanish Translated Abstracts

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 54, Issue 4





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Selected Abstracts from the October Issue of the Journal of Vascular Surgery

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 54, Issue 4





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Forthcoming Events

Publication date: October 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Volume 54, Issue 4





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Accuracy of dermatoscopy for the diagnosis of nonpigmented cancers of the skin

Nonpigmented skin cancer is common, and diagnosis with the unaided eye is error prone.

http://ift.tt/2wIxcR2

Resident Editors of the Journal of Voice Editorial Board

Traditional medical education provides virtually no formal training regarding publication. Not even basic writing techniques are taught, let alone information about the editorial process or skills required to participate effectively on an editorial board. Most nonmedical graduate training programs have similar weaknesses. This problem has been addressed in prior publications.1–5 More than a decade ago, the Ear, Nose and Throat Journal started inviting a small number of residents to participate as student members of the editorial board.

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Analysis of gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) following photodynamic therapy in human gingival fibroblasts

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Roghayeh Mokhtari Asl, Pegah Ghoraeian, Abbas Monzavi, Abbas Bahador
BackgroundPeriodontal diseases are pathological inflammatory conditions of multifactorial etiology that develops in response to periodontopathic bacteria. Recently, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has begun to be incorporated as an adjuvant treatment for periodontal diseases. However, the effect of PDT on tissue regeneration is not yet completely clear. This study aimed to analyze the gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) following PDT in human gingival fibroblasts (HuGu) cells in vitro.Materials and MethodsHuGu cells were treated in different groups: 1) ICG (Indocyanine green) alone, 2) Diode laser irradiation alone, 3) PDT (combined ICG with diode laser) and 4) Control (untreated cells). The expression of bFGF gene was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in different groups.ResultsICG-PDT treatment using 1000–2000μg/mL of ICG at fluency of 31.25J/cm² displayed a significant dose-dependent increase in expression levels of the bFGF (all P<0.05). The expressions of bFGF were upregulated to 4.13-fold following diode laser irradiation alone with a fluency of 31.25J/cm² (P<0.05) while there was no remarkable difference in expression of bFGF following ICG treatment at concentrations of 500–2000μg/mL (all P>0.05).ConclusionOur results suggest PDT is effective in increasing the expression of bFGF gene, an important factor in periodontal tissue regeneration and could indicate periodontal tissue regeneration.



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Advances and Highlights in Allergen Immunotherapy: On the way to sustained clinical and immunologic tolerance

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment strategy for allergic diseases and has been used for more than 100 years. In recent years, however, the expectations on concepts, conduct, statistical evaluation and reporting have been significantly developed. Products have undergone dose-response and confirmative studies in adults and children to provide evidence for the optimal dosage, safety and efficacy of AIT vaccines using subcutaneous and sublingual delivery pathways in large patient cohorts, ensuring solid conclusions to be drawn from them for the advantage of patients and societies alike.

http://ift.tt/2xiDzfL

Serum periostin during omalizumab therapy in asthma: a tool for patient selection and treatment evaluation

Omalizumab is an effective treatment for severe allergic asthma.1 Nevertheless, even in patients meeting the prescription criteria, lack of efficacy has been described as the most common reason for treatment discontinuation, at least in the real-life setting.2 An association between baseline serum periostin (SP) levels, evaluated before the start of treatment, and omalizumab efficacy has been recently described,3,4 suggesting the relevance of this molecule as a biomarker for patient selection and predictor of treatment response.

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Allergic sensitization in American children of Middle Eastern ethnicity at age 2

Children of Middle Eastern ethnicity (MEE) born in the United States are seldom specifically examined in allergic disease research, and the prevalence of allergic sensitization in these children is unknown.1 For analyses, these children can be combined with white children not of MEE or excluded entirely because of the small sample, as we have previously done.2,3 However, this subgroup could have a unique set of cultural norms and/or environmental exposures that distinguish them from white, black, non–Middle Eastern, and non-Hispanic children with respect to allergic disease risk factors.

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Serum periostin during omalizumab therapy in asthma: a tool for patient selection and treatment evaluation

Omalizumab is an effective treatment for severe allergic asthma.1 Nevertheless, even in patients meeting the prescription criteria, lack of efficacy has been described as the most common reason for treatment discontinuation, at least in the real-life setting.2 An association between baseline serum periostin (SP) levels, evaluated before the start of treatment, and omalizumab efficacy has been recently described,3,4 suggesting the relevance of this molecule as a biomarker for patient selection and predictor of treatment response.

http://ift.tt/2wyQHAf

Advancing toward a molecular characterization of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) is the second most common intraoral salivary gland malignancy; it affects predominantly the minor salivary glands of the palate, but has been reported to occur in the major salivary glands as well as extra palatal sites [1–3]. Despite the tendency for locally infiltrative growth, and the notable amount of locoregional recurrences, PLGA is characterized by an indolent clinical course with low risk of distant metastasis and good long-term prognosis [1,3].

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Sources, composition, and spectroscopiccharacteristics of dissolved organic matter extractedfrom sediments in an anthropogenic-impacted riverin Southeastern China

Abstract

The fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter extracted from sediments in an anthropogenic-impacted river (Hao River) in Southeastern China were analyzed in the current study. Excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was conducted to analyze the sources and composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of all samples at depths of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm were 317, 319, and 319 mg kg⁻¹ dry weight, respectively. Four components were identified from the fluorescence spectra that consisted of three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C3) and one protein-like component (C4). Component C1 was derived from terrestrial plants and soils. Component C2 in the anthropogenic-impacted Hao River was derived from anthropogenic pollution such as wastewater. Component C3 comprised refractory particles derived from terrestrial plants. Component C4 was autochthonous and produced by the aquatic ecosystem. With the exception of site 4, all sites could be assigned to one of two groups. Group 1 consisted of sites 1, 2, 3, and 5, and group 2 consisted of sites 6, 7, and 8. Our result showed that the sediment in group 2 was more anaerobic than in group 1. Consequently, it could be concluded that this river was polluted by both point and non-point pollution. The terrain slopes cause that water flows from the Yangzi River into group 1. The dilution effect in group 1 resulted in less accumulation of DOM in the sediment of group 1 than group 2.

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mDCF + Avelumab in Resectable Esophago-gastric Adenocarcinoma (EGA)

Conditions:   Gastric Adenocarcinoma;   Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Intervention:   Drug: mDCF + Avelumab
Sponsor:   McGill University Health Center
Not yet recruiting - verified September 2017

http://ift.tt/2hiqoni

Impaired objective and subjective sleep in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease compared to healthy controls

Poor sleep and higher inflammation markers are associated, and impaired sleep quality is common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, information on sleep among children and adolescents with IBD is currently lacking. The aims of the present study were to compare subjective and objective sleep of children and adolescents with IBD with healthy controls and to shed more light on the relationship between sleep and inflammation. We expected that poor sleep, as assessed via sleep electroencephalography recordings, would be observed among participants with IBD, but particularly among participants in an active state of disease.

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Subjective Evaluation of Dreams in pregnant women in the different trimesters and in non-pregnant women

Sleep disturbances are prevalent among pregnant women (PW). Sleep is more fragmented during the third trimester, which consequently increases the ability to remember the content of dreams.

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Efficacy and safety of a pentavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in healthy Chinese infants: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Publication date: Available online 19 September 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Zhaojun Mo, Yi Mo, Mingqiang Li, Junhui Tao, Xu Yang, Jilian Kong, Dingkai Wei, Botao Fu, Xueyan Liao, Jianli Chu, Yuanzheng Qiu, Darcy A. Hille, Micki Nelson, Susan S. Kaplan
BackgroundA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a pentavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq™, RV5) against rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE).Methods4040 participants aged 6–12weeks were enrolled and randomly assigned to either 3 oral doses of RV5 (n=2020) or placebo (n=2020), administered ∼4weeks apart. The participants also received OPV and DTaP in a concomitant or staggered fashion. The primary objective was to evaluate vaccine efficacy (VE) against naturally-occurring RVGE at least 14days following the third dose. Key secondary objectives included: VE against naturally-occurring severe RVGE and VE against severe and any-severity RVGE caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in the vaccine, occurring at least 14days after the third dose. All adverse events (AEs) were collected for 30days following each dose. Serious AEs (SAEs) and intussusception cases were collected during the entire study. (ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT02062385).ResultsVE against RVGE of any-severity caused by any serotype was 69.3% (95% CI: 54.5, 79.7). The secondary efficacy analysis showed an efficacy of: 78.9% (95% CI: 59.1, 90.1) against severe RVGE caused by any serotype; 69.9% (95% CI: 55.2, 80.3) and 78.9% (95% CI: 59.1, 90.1) against any-severity and severe RVGE caused by serotypes contained in the vaccine, respectively. Within 30days following any vaccination, 53.5% (1079/2015) and 53.3% (1077/2019) of participants reported at least one AE, and 5.8% (116/2015) and 5.7% (116/2019) reported SAEs in the vaccine and placebo groups, respectively. No SAEs were considered vaccine-related in recipients of RV5. Two intussusception cases were reported in recipients of RV5 who recovered after receiving treatment. Neither was considered vaccine-related.ConclusionsIn Chinese infants, RV5 was efficacious against any-severity and severe RVGE caused by any serotype and generally well-tolerated with respect to AEs.



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Data and product needs for influenza immunization programs in low- and middle-income countries: Rationale and main conclusions of the WHO preferred product characteristics for next-generation influenza vaccines

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Kathleen M. Neuzil, Joseph S. Bresee, Fernando de la Hoz, Kari Johansen, Ruth A. Karron, Anand Krishnan, Shabir A. Madhi, Punam Mangtani, David J. Spiro, Justin R. Ortiz
In 2017, WHO convened a working group of global experts to develop the Preferred Product Characteristics (PPC) for Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines. PPCs are intended to encourage innovation in vaccine development. They describe WHO preferences for parameters of vaccines, in particular their indications, target groups, implementation strategies, and clinical data needed for assessment of safety and efficacy. PPCs are shaped by the global unmet public health need in a priority disease area for which WHO encourages vaccine development. These preferences reflect WHO's mandate to promote the development of vaccines with high public health impact and suitability in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC). The target audience is all entities intending to develop or to achieve widespread adoption of a specific influenza vaccine product in these settings. The working group determined that existing influenza vaccines are not well suited for LMIC use. While many developed country manufactures and research funders prioritize influenza vaccine products for use in adults and the elderly, most LMICs do not have sufficiently strong health systems to deliver vaccines to these groups. Policy makers from LMICs are expected to place higher value on vaccines indicated for prevention of severe illness, however the clinical development of influenza vaccines focuses on demonstrating prevention of any influenza illness. Many influenza vaccine products do not meet WHO standards for programmatic suitability of vaccines, which introduces challenges when vaccines are used in low-resource settings. And finally, current vaccines do not integrate well with routine immunization programs in LMICs, given age of vaccine licensure, arbitrary expiration dates timed for temperate country markets, and the need for year-round immunization in countries with prolonged influenza seasonality. While all interested parties should refer to the full PPC document for details, in this article we highlight data needs for new influenza vaccines to better demonstrate the value proposition in LMICs.



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Molecular evolution of hepatitis B vaccine escape variants in China, during 2000–2016

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Jie Wang, Jing Qiu, Yinwei Zhu, Hui Zhou, Lugang Yu, Yi Ding, Lige Zhang, Zhirong Guo, Chen Dong
Hepatitis B vaccine escape variants are the main threat to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in vaccination era worldwide. With 215 genotype B HBV and 313 genotype C HBV vaccine escape variants isolated from China during 2000–2016, we reported that genotype B HBV vaccine escape strains diverged in ∼1997 (95% HPD; 1987–2005), while genotype C HBV vaccine escape strains diverged in ∼1976 (95% HPD; 1955–2003). Additionally, the p-distance of genotype C HBV vaccine escape strains was 0.0291±0.0169, which was significantly higher than that in the genotype B HBV (t=131.02, p<0.05). However, genotype B HBV vaccine escape strains evolved more rapidly than genotype C HBV (2.103×10⁻³ vs 1.083×10⁻³ substitutions/site/year). Bayesian skyline plot analysis showed that the populations of genotype C HBV vaccine escape strains fluctuated more than those in genotype B HBV. Four sites (A5T/S, L21S, T/A126S and T/N131I/A) and 13 sites (N3S, T5A, G10Q/R/E, L21S, T47K/A/V, L98V/P, I/S126N/V/T, Q129H/R/L, T131P/I/N/A, G145A/R, L175S/F, L213I/S, V224A/G) were found to be under positive selection in genotype B and C HBV vaccine escape strains, respectively. More importantly, N3S, L21S, T47K, L98V, I/S126T and L213I mutations were detected in 1 (2.5%), 1 (2.5%), 1 (2.5%), 3 (7.5%), 1 (2.5%), 1 (2.5%) genotype C HBV infected Chinese younger with neonatal HBV vaccination, respectively. Therefore, our results should be valuable in further understanding the molecular evolution of HBV and providing new ideas for the elimination of HBV infection.



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Formulation of the bivalent prostate cancer vaccine with surgifoam elicits antigen-specific effector T cells in PSA-transgenic mice

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Dev Karan
We previously developed and characterized an adenoviral-based prostate cancer vaccine for simultaneous targeting of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA). We also demonstrated that immunization of mice with the bivalent vaccine (Ad5-PSA+PSCA) inhibited the growth of established prostate tumors. However, there are multiple challenges hindering the success of immunological therapies in the clinic. One of the prime concerns has been to overcome the immunological tolerance and maintenance of long-term effector T cells. In this study, we further characterized the use of the bivalent vaccine (Ad5-PSA+PSCA) in a transgenic mouse model expressing human PSA in the mouse prostate. We demonstrated the expression of PSA analyzed at the mRNA level (by RT-PCR) and protein level (by immunohistochemistry) in the prostate lobes harvested from the PSA-transgenic (PSA-Tg) mice. We established that the administration of the bivalent vaccine in surgifoam to the PSA-Tg mice induces strong PSA-specific effector CD8⁺ T cells as measured by IFN-γ secretion and in vitro cytotoxic T-cell assay. Furthermore, the use of surgifoam with Ad5-PSA+PSCA vaccine allows multiple boosting vaccinations with a significant increase in antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells. These observations suggest that the formulation of the bivalent prostate cancer vaccine (Ad5-PSA+PSCA) with surgifoam bypasses the neutralizing antibody response, thus allowing multiple boosting. This formulation is also helpful for inducing an antigen-specific immune response in the presence of self-antigen, and maintains long-term effector CD8⁺ T cells.



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mDCF + Avelumab in Resectable Esophago-gastric Adenocarcinoma (EGA)

Conditions:   Gastric Adenocarcinoma;   Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Intervention:   Drug: mDCF + Avelumab
Sponsor:   McGill University Health Center
Not yet recruiting - verified September 2017

http://ift.tt/2hiqoni

Therapeutic Effect Of Luteolin Natural Extract Versus Its Nanoparticles On Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line

Conditions:   Tongue Neoplasms;   Carcinoma
Interventions:   Drug: luteolin;   Drug: nano-luteolin
Sponsor:   Cairo University
Not yet recruiting - verified September 2017

http://ift.tt/2hiz7JX

GR-MD-02 Plus Pembrolizumab in Melanoma, Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, and Squamous Cell Head and Neck Cancer Patients

Conditions:   Melanoma;   Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer;   Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Interventions:   Drug: GR-MD-02;   Drug: Pembrolizumab
Sponsors:   Providence Health & Services;   Galectin Therapeutics Inc.
Recruiting - verified September 2017

http://ift.tt/2hjJ5qN

Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles

FREE ACCESS through October 3, 2017
Read Now:

Hypothyroid Symptoms in Pregnant Women Fail to Predict Hypothyroid Status
Elizabeth N. Pearce 

Conflicting Occurrence of Thyroid-Stimulating or Blocking Antibodies Is Seen in 4 to 9% of Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Tim I. M. Korevaar

A Deiodinase 2 Polymorphism May Lower Serum T3 and Tissue T3 in Levothyroxine-Treated Patients
Jerome M. Hershman 

Is There a Distinct Pattern of Mutations in Benign Adenomatous Nodules?
Stephen W. Spaulding 

 

The post Clinical Thyroidology High-Impact Articles appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Determination of VEGF, collagen type 1 and versican in the discus articularis of the temporomandibular joint in relation to dental status

The aim of this study was the investigation and comparison of the presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen type 1 and the proteoglycan versican in the discus articularis in relation to dental status (full dentition [1], partial dentition [2] and edentulous [3]). The right disci articulares were removed from 17 donated bodies (6 with full dentition, 5 with partial dentition and 6 edentulous). The specimens were immunohistochemically stained for VEGF, collagen type 1 and versican.

http://ift.tt/2xoo5IH

A worldwide comparison of the management of T1 and T2 anterior floor of the mouth and tongue squamous cell carcinoma – extent of surgical resection and reconstructive measures

Microvascular surgery following tumor resection has become an important field of oral maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). Following the results on general aspects of current reconstructive practice in German speaking countries, Europe and worldwide, this paper presents specific concepts for the management of resection and reconstruction of T1/T2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior floor of the mouth and tongue.

http://ift.tt/2jJ8cb7

Custom-milled individual allogeneic bone grafts for alveolar cleft osteoplasty - a technical note

Bone grafts from the iliac crest are most commonly used for osteoplasties of the cleft alveolus. To preclude undue donor–site morbidity custom-milled allogeneic bone grafts might be an appropriate choice.This technical note showcases the repair of an alveolar cleft using an individualized allogeneic bone graft in a 36-year old female patient. She was asking for an alternative to the iliac crest bone grafting. Her alveolus was successfully build up by a custom-milled cancellous bone block allograft (maxgraft® bonebuilder).

http://ift.tt/2xnFWiT

Differential cortical contribution of syntax and semantics: An fMRI study on two-word phrasal processing

Publication date: Available online 20 September 2017
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Marianne Schell, Emiliano Zaccarella, Angela D. Friederici
Linguistic expressions consist of sequences of words combined together to form phrases and sentences. The neurocognitive process handling word combination is drawing increasing attention among the neuroscientific community, given that the underlying syntactic and semantic mechanisms of such basic combinations—although essential to the generation of more complex structures—still need to be consistently determined. The current experiment was conducted to disentangle the neural networks supporting syntactic and semantic processing at the level of two-word combinations. We manipulated the combinatorial load by using words of different grammatical classes within the phrase, such that determiner-noun combinations (this ship) were used to boost neural activity in syntax-related areas, while adjective-noun combinations (blue ship) were conversely used to measure neural response in semantic-related combinations. By means of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that syntax-related processing mainly activates the most ventral part of the inferior frontal gyrus, along the frontal operculum (FOP) and anterior insula (aINS). Fine-grained analysis in BA44 confirmed that the most inferior-ventral portion is highly sensitive to syntactic computations driven by function words. Semantic-related processing on the contrary, rather engages the anterior dorsal part of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left angular gyrus (AG) that is two regions which appear to perform different functions within the semantic network. Our findings suggest that syntactic and semantic contribution to phrasal formation can be already differentiated at a very basic level, with each of these two processes comprising non-overlapping areas on the cerebral cortex. Specifically, they confirm the role of the ventral IFG for the construction of syntactically legal linguistic constructions, and the prominence of the more anterior IFG and the AG for conceptual semantics.



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