Long-Term Survivor with Intrathecal and Intravenous Trastuzumab Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Abstract

We report the case of a woman with metastatic breast cancer receiving intrathecal trastuzumab (and intravenous trastuzumab for more than 7 years). She was diagnosed in 2001 with a duct invasive breast cancer T3N1M0 HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-positive +++ HR (hormone receptor) -negative. She received chemotherapy and then she had a mastectomy. Several metastases were discovered and treated from 2003 to 2008 with chemotherapy. In March 2010, brain metastases and a leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from her HER2-positive breast cancer appeared. From that moment on she received intravenous trastuzumab (6 mg/kg) every 3 weeks, intrathecal trastuzumab (21 mg) weekly for 16 injections and lapatinib. Intrathecal trastuzumab was stopped because of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearing. Intrathecal trastuzumab was injected again from December 2013 for 14 injections. The relevance of treating leptomeningeal carcinomatosis with intrathecal trastuzumab administration is shown through this case report.

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Ein Vergleich von Kindern mit und ohne pragmatisch-kommunikativen Defiziten in ihren kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und im Verhalten

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 42-46
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106998

Hintergrund: Die Studie befasst sich mit verschiedenen kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und möglichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Vorschülern mit und ohne Defizite in der Pragmatik, um einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von sozial-pragmatischen Fähigkeiten zu leisten. Methode: Anhand von multivariaten Varianzanalysen werden die Elterneinschätzungen zu exekutiven Funktionen und zur sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung von 268 Kindern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Risikogruppe erreicht deutlich höhere Problemwerte in den exekutiven Funktionen und weist häufiger Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Hyperaktivität und sozial-emotionale Probleme auf. Diskussion: Defizite in der Pragmatik scheinen häufig mit externalisierenden Verhaltensweisen und niedrigeren Leistungen im Arbeitsgedächtnis einherzugehen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Long-Term Survivor with Intrathecal and Intravenous Trastuzumab Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Abstract

We report the case of a woman with metastatic breast cancer receiving intrathecal trastuzumab (and intravenous trastuzumab for more than 7 years). She was diagnosed in 2001 with a duct invasive breast cancer T3N1M0 HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-positive +++ HR (hormone receptor) -negative. She received chemotherapy and then she had a mastectomy. Several metastases were discovered and treated from 2003 to 2008 with chemotherapy. In March 2010, brain metastases and a leptomeningeal carcinomatosis from her HER2-positive breast cancer appeared. From that moment on she received intravenous trastuzumab (6 mg/kg) every 3 weeks, intrathecal trastuzumab (21 mg) weekly for 16 injections and lapatinib. Intrathecal trastuzumab was stopped because of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearing. Intrathecal trastuzumab was injected again from December 2013 for 14 injections. The relevance of treating leptomeningeal carcinomatosis with intrathecal trastuzumab administration is shown through this case report.

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Ein Vergleich von Kindern mit und ohne pragmatisch-kommunikativen Defiziten in ihren kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und im Verhalten

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 42-46
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106998

Hintergrund: Die Studie befasst sich mit verschiedenen kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und möglichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Vorschülern mit und ohne Defizite in der Pragmatik, um einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von sozial-pragmatischen Fähigkeiten zu leisten. Methode: Anhand von multivariaten Varianzanalysen werden die Elterneinschätzungen zu exekutiven Funktionen und zur sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung von 268 Kindern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Risikogruppe erreicht deutlich höhere Problemwerte in den exekutiven Funktionen und weist häufiger Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Hyperaktivität und sozial-emotionale Probleme auf. Diskussion: Defizite in der Pragmatik scheinen häufig mit externalisierenden Verhaltensweisen und niedrigeren Leistungen im Arbeitsgedächtnis einherzugehen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Eine Einführung in den Schwerpunkt „Intelligenzmessung“

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 14-14
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103295

Schwerpunkt der Sprache – Stimme – Gehör 3/2012 war das Thema „Intelligenz und Sprache". Es ging um die sprachlich-kognitive Entwicklung im Zeitfenster des Übergangs von der Kita in die Schule, um intellektuelle Hochbegabung und Sprache, um die Beziehung von Intelligenzminderung und Sprache (bzw. Sprachstörungen und Intelligenz), um das Phänomen „Intelligenzabbau" und um die Wirkung von Denkprogrammen auf Sprachleistungen. Der aktuelle Schwerpunkt beschäftigt sich mit einer psychometrischen Facette des Themas, der Intelligenzmessung, wozu in der Regel ein Intelligenztest eingesetzt wird.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Θεραπεία σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας (Cost-effective)

Η αποκάλυψη της αύξησης των περιστατικών της σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας στην περιοχή της Πάτρας, δημιούργησε την ερώτηση που παρουσιάζεται πάντα όταν εμφανίζονται σήμερα τέτοια υγειονομικά ενδημικά επεισόδια.

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Η σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας και η ελπίδα στην Πάτρα

Αυτό που έγινε γνωστό στην περιοχή της Πάτρας από το έτος 2015 και παραμένει επίκαιρο μέχρι και σήμερα είναι χαρακτηριστικό του φαινομένου της ελπίδας στις κρίσεις.

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Η επαναμυελίνωση στη σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας (ΣΚΠΣ)

Η κλινική μορφή της σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας είναι αποτέλεσμα μίας διαδικασίας απομυελίνωσης στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα.

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Surgery Beats Medical Treatment in Reducing Fracture Risk in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (FREE)

By Kelly Young Edited by David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH Parathyroidectomy is associated with reduced fracture risk compared with observation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Bisphosphonate use, meanwhile, is tied to increased risk, according to a retrospective …

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Environmental Immunology: Lessons Learned from Exposure to a Select Panel of Immunotoxicants [BRIEF REVIEWS]

Exposure to environmental contaminants can produce profound effects on the immune system. Many classes of xenobiotics can significantly suppress or enhance immune responsiveness depending on the levels (i.e., dose) and context (i.e., timing, route) of exposure. Although defining the effects that toxicants can have on the immune system is a valuable component to improving public health, environmental immunology has greatly enhanced our understanding of how the immune system functions and has provided innovative avenues to explore new immunotherapies. This Brief Review focuses on three examples of how immunotoxicology has benefitted the field of immunology, presenting information on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, the immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials, and the impact of xenobiotic exposure on the developing immune system. Collectively, contributions from immunotoxicology have significantly enhanced public health and spurred seminal advances in both basic and applied immunology.

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TRIM21 Immune Signaling Is More Sensitive to Antibody Affinity Than Its Neutralization Activity [MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY]

Ab-coated viruses can be detected in the cytosol by the FcR tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), which rapidly recruits the proteasomal machinery and triggers induction of immune signaling. As such, TRIM21 plays a key role in intracellular protection by targeting invading viruses for destruction and alerting the immune system. A hallmark of immunity is elicitation of a balanced response that is proportionate to the threat, to avoid unnecessary inflammation. In this article, we show how Ab affinity modulates TRIM21 immune function. We constructed a humanized monoclonal IgG1 against human adenovirus type 5 (AdV5) and a panel of Fc-engineered variants with a wide range of affinities for TRIM21. We found that IgG1-coated viral particles were neutralized via TRIM21, even when affinity was reduced by as much as 100-fold. In contrast, induction of NF-B signaling was more sensitive to reduced affinity between TRIM21 and the Ab variants. Thus, TRIM21 mediates neutralization under suboptimal conditions, whereas induction of immune signaling is balanced according to the functional affinity for the incoming immune stimuli. Our findings have implications for engineering of antiviral IgG therapeutics with tailored effector functions.

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Combinatorial Synthetic Peptide Vaccine Strategy Protects against Hypervirulent CovR/S Mutant Streptococci [IMMUNOTHERAPY AND VACCINES]

Cluster of virulence responder/sensor (CovR/S) mutant group A streptococci (GAS) are serious human pathogens of multiple M protein strains that upregulate expression of virulence factors, including the IL-8 protease Streptococcus pyogenes cell envelope proteinase (SpyCEP), thus blunting neutrophil-mediated killing and enabling ingress of bacteria from a superficial wound to deep tissue. We previously showed that a combination vaccine incorporating J8-DT (conserved peptide vaccine from the M protein) and a recombinant SpyCEP fragment protects against CovR/S mutants. To enhance the vaccine's safety profile, we identified a minimal epitope (S2) that was the target for anti-SpyCEP Abs that could protect IL-8 from SpyCEP-mediated proteolysis. Abs from healthy humans and from mice experimentally infected with GAS also recognized S2, albeit at low titers. Native SpyCEP may be poorly immunogenic (cryptic or subdominant), and it would be to the organism's advantage if the host did not induce a strong Ab response against it. However, S2 conjugated to diphtheria toxoid is highly immunogenic and induces Abs that recognize and neutralize SpyCEP. Hence, we describe a two-component peptide vaccine that induces Abs (anti-S2) that protect IL-8 from proteolysis and other Abs (anti-J8) that cause strain-independent killing in the presence of neutrophils. We show that either component alone is ineffectual in preventing skin infection and bacteremia due to CovR/S mutants but that the combination induces complete protection. This protection correlated with a significant influx of neutrophils to the infection site. The data strongly suggest that the lack of natural immunity to hypervirulent GAS strains in humans could be rectified by this combination vaccine.

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Singing modulates mood, stress, cortisol, cytokine and neuropeptide activity in cancer patients and carers

Daisy Fancourt, Aaron Williamon, Livia A Carvalho, Andrew Steptoe, Rosie Dow and Ian Lewis

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Novel Anatomic Characteristics of the Laryngeal Framework: A Computed Tomography Evaluation

Objective

The thyroid cartilage (TC) in men has a more prominent thyroid notch and a narrower interlaminae angle (ILA) as compared with women. Anatomy textbooks classically stipulate that the ILA is 90° in men and 120° in women. Our observation, based on thyroid chondroplasty operations, of a much narrower angle led to the current investigation.

Study Design

Cohort imaging study.

Setting

Tertiary academic referral center.

Subjects and Methods

Computed tomography angiography neck images of adult patients were studied. The ILA was measured on 2 axial planes: at the level of the vocal processes (and the upper portion of thyroarytenoid muscles) and 5 mm superior and parallel to the former. The anterior projection of the TC and the vertical dimensions of the midline cricothyroid membrane (CTM) were also measured.

Results

A total of 126 patients were included in the study. The average ILAs were 63.5°±20.6° and 93.3°±16.6° for men and women, respectively (P < 10^–14), and were significantly narrower at the upper level in comparison with the vocal process level (P < 10^–7 for men, P = .004 for women). The anterior projection of the TC in men was more prominent as compared with women (P = .0003) and significantly correlated with the ILA (P = .0159). The length of the midline CTM was 11.1±2.3 mm in men and 10.3±1.7 mm in women (P = .0355).

Conclusions

The ILA is narrower than that reported in the classic anatomy textbooks. In male patients, the upper part of the TC becomes narrower and projects anteriorly like a "jug's spout." The mean vertical dimension of the midline CTM was 10 to 11 mm.

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Frontal Sinus Malignancies: A Population-Based Analysis of Incidence and Survival

Objective

Primary neoplasms originating in the frontal sinus are rare. As such, existing literature describing frontal sinus malignancies (a subset of frontal sinus neoplasms) is limited. Prognostic implications of these malignancies are difficult to determine. This study seeks to analyze trends in epidemiology, clinicopathology, incidence, and survival for these rare malignancies.

Study Design

Retrospective database analysis.

Methods

The SEER 18 database (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results; 1973-2012) was searched for frontal sinus malignancies from 1973 to 2012 and analyzed for demographic and clinicopathologic trends. The Kaplan-Meier model was utilized for survival analysis.

Results

A total of 171 cases of frontal sinus malignancies were identified. Incidence was 0.011 per 100,000 individuals. The mean age at diagnosis was 61.1 years, with males constituting the majority of cases (61.4%). 80.1% of patients were white, 9.4% Asian, and 8.2% black. The average tumor size was 3.8 cm. The most common histology encountered was squamous cell carcinoma (39.8%). Overall 5-year disease-specific survival was 44.2%. Five-year disease-specific survival was highest for mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (72.3%) and lowest for adenocarcinomas (15.4%).

Conclusions

Malignant tumors of the frontal sinus are rare and are more common in males. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common entity encountered. Of the 4 most common histologies, survival is best for mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and worst for adenocarcinomas.

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Development and Evaluation of a Parallel Reaction Monitoring Strategy for Large-Scale Targeted Metabolomics Quantification

Analytical Chemistry

DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00355

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Teacher Beliefs and Stress

Abstract

The first of two studies provided validity data on the Teacher Irrational Belief Scale that measures a set of beliefs of teachers previous research has found to be associated with teacher stress. Employing a sample of 850 primary and secondary teachers in Australia, an exploratory factor analysis resulted in four distinct factors: Self-downing, Authoritarianism, Demands for Justice, and Low Frustration Tolerance. These four sub-scales demonstrated adequate internal reliability and correlated with self-ratings of stress occasioned by different teaching stressors. In a second study, 140 teachers and 26 teachers retired from teaching because of stress completed the Teacher Irrational Belief Scale and a measure of teacher stress. Teachers retired from teaching due to stress scored higher on sub-scales of Self-downing and Low Frustration Tolerance than teachers still teaching. These results are discussed in terms of Ellis' theory of REBT and implications for consultants and teacher educators offering stress management programs and support for teachers.

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Die Anwendung der K-ABC in der Diagnostik sprech- und sprachgestörter Kinder und der Übergang zur KABC-II

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 29-33
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100608

Die 1991 in deutschsprachiger Fassung erschienene Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) fand weite Verbreitung, häufige Anwendung in vielfältigen diagnostischen Fragestellungen sowie reges Forschungsinteresse auch im psycholinguistischen Bereich. Einige relevante Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus wird der Übergang zu der weiterentwickelten Fassung KABC-II dargestellt, die 2015 erschien und über eine Revision der Ursprungsfassung deutlich hinausgehende Modifikationen aufweist, insbesondere erstmals eine duale theoretische Grundlage.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Unterstützte Kommunikation (UK) mit der iPad-App MetaTalkDE

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 39-41
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110890

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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Sprachfreie Intelligenzdiagnostik: Die nonverbalen Intelligenztests SON-R 2½–7 und SON-R 6–40

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 21-24
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103297

Vorgestellt werden Chancen und Grenzen der nonverbalen Intelligenztests SON-R 2½-7 und SON-R 6–40, die bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit expressiven und rezeptiven Sprachstörungen, Hörstörungen oder anderen Beeinträchtigungen der Kommunikationsfähigkeiten eine konsequent sprachfreie Intelligenzdiagnostik ermöglichen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Neue Intelligenztests

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 34-36
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103300

Der Beitrag stellt kursorisch eine Auswahl standardisierter Intelligenztests vor, die die zum Zeitpunkt der Konzeption des Heftschwerpunkts im Frühjahr 2014 dem Anwendermarkt noch nicht zur Verfügung standen bzw. erst avisiert waren.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Ein Vergleich von Kindern mit und ohne pragmatisch-kommunikativen Defiziten in ihren kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und im Verhalten

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 42-46
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106998

Hintergrund: Die Studie befasst sich mit verschiedenen kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und möglichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Vorschülern mit und ohne Defizite in der Pragmatik, um einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von sozial-pragmatischen Fähigkeiten zu leisten. Methode: Anhand von multivariaten Varianzanalysen werden die Elterneinschätzungen zu exekutiven Funktionen und zur sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung von 268 Kindern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Risikogruppe erreicht deutlich höhere Problemwerte in den exekutiven Funktionen und weist häufiger Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Hyperaktivität und sozial-emotionale Probleme auf. Diskussion: Defizite in der Pragmatik scheinen häufig mit externalisierenden Verhaltensweisen und niedrigeren Leistungen im Arbeitsgedächtnis einherzugehen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Eine Einführung in den Schwerpunkt „Intelligenzmessung“

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 14-14
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103295

Schwerpunkt der Sprache – Stimme – Gehör 3/2012 war das Thema „Intelligenz und Sprache". Es ging um die sprachlich-kognitive Entwicklung im Zeitfenster des Übergangs von der Kita in die Schule, um intellektuelle Hochbegabung und Sprache, um die Beziehung von Intelligenzminderung und Sprache (bzw. Sprachstörungen und Intelligenz), um das Phänomen „Intelligenzabbau" und um die Wirkung von Denkprogrammen auf Sprachleistungen. Der aktuelle Schwerpunkt beschäftigt sich mit einer psychometrischen Facette des Themas, der Intelligenzmessung, wozu in der Regel ein Intelligenztest eingesetzt wird.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Θεραπεία σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας (Cost-effective)

Η αποκάλυψη της αύξησης των περιστατικών της σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας στην περιοχή της Πάτρας, δημιούργησε την ερώτηση που παρουσιάζεται πάντα όταν εμφανίζονται σήμερα τέτοια υγειονομικά ενδημικά επεισόδια.

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Η σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας και η ελπίδα στην Πάτρα

Αυτό που έγινε γνωστό στην περιοχή της Πάτρας από το έτος 2015 και παραμένει επίκαιρο μέχρι και σήμερα είναι χαρακτηριστικό του φαινομένου της ελπίδας στις κρίσεις.

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Η επαναμυελίνωση στη σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας (ΣΚΠΣ)

Η κλινική μορφή της σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας είναι αποτέλεσμα μίας διαδικασίας απομυελίνωσης στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα.

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Surgery Beats Medical Treatment in Reducing Fracture Risk in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (FREE)

By Kelly Young Edited by David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH Parathyroidectomy is associated with reduced fracture risk compared with observation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Bisphosphonate use, meanwhile, is tied to increased risk, according to a retrospective …

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Environmental Immunology: Lessons Learned from Exposure to a Select Panel of Immunotoxicants [BRIEF REVIEWS]

Exposure to environmental contaminants can produce profound effects on the immune system. Many classes of xenobiotics can significantly suppress or enhance immune responsiveness depending on the levels (i.e., dose) and context (i.e., timing, route) of exposure. Although defining the effects that toxicants can have on the immune system is a valuable component to improving public health, environmental immunology has greatly enhanced our understanding of how the immune system functions and has provided innovative avenues to explore new immunotherapies. This Brief Review focuses on three examples of how immunotoxicology has benefitted the field of immunology, presenting information on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, the immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials, and the impact of xenobiotic exposure on the developing immune system. Collectively, contributions from immunotoxicology have significantly enhanced public health and spurred seminal advances in both basic and applied immunology.

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TRIM21 Immune Signaling Is More Sensitive to Antibody Affinity Than Its Neutralization Activity [MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY]

Ab-coated viruses can be detected in the cytosol by the FcR tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), which rapidly recruits the proteasomal machinery and triggers induction of immune signaling. As such, TRIM21 plays a key role in intracellular protection by targeting invading viruses for destruction and alerting the immune system. A hallmark of immunity is elicitation of a balanced response that is proportionate to the threat, to avoid unnecessary inflammation. In this article, we show how Ab affinity modulates TRIM21 immune function. We constructed a humanized monoclonal IgG1 against human adenovirus type 5 (AdV5) and a panel of Fc-engineered variants with a wide range of affinities for TRIM21. We found that IgG1-coated viral particles were neutralized via TRIM21, even when affinity was reduced by as much as 100-fold. In contrast, induction of NF-B signaling was more sensitive to reduced affinity between TRIM21 and the Ab variants. Thus, TRIM21 mediates neutralization under suboptimal conditions, whereas induction of immune signaling is balanced according to the functional affinity for the incoming immune stimuli. Our findings have implications for engineering of antiviral IgG therapeutics with tailored effector functions.

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Teacher Beliefs and Stress

Abstract

The first of two studies provided validity data on the Teacher Irrational Belief Scale that measures a set of beliefs of teachers previous research has found to be associated with teacher stress. Employing a sample of 850 primary and secondary teachers in Australia, an exploratory factor analysis resulted in four distinct factors: Self-downing, Authoritarianism, Demands for Justice, and Low Frustration Tolerance. These four sub-scales demonstrated adequate internal reliability and correlated with self-ratings of stress occasioned by different teaching stressors. In a second study, 140 teachers and 26 teachers retired from teaching because of stress completed the Teacher Irrational Belief Scale and a measure of teacher stress. Teachers retired from teaching due to stress scored higher on sub-scales of Self-downing and Low Frustration Tolerance than teachers still teaching. These results are discussed in terms of Ellis' theory of REBT and implications for consultants and teacher educators offering stress management programs and support for teachers.

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Die Anwendung der K-ABC in der Diagnostik sprech- und sprachgestörter Kinder und der Übergang zur KABC-II

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 29-33
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100608

Die 1991 in deutschsprachiger Fassung erschienene Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) fand weite Verbreitung, häufige Anwendung in vielfältigen diagnostischen Fragestellungen sowie reges Forschungsinteresse auch im psycholinguistischen Bereich. Einige relevante Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus wird der Übergang zu der weiterentwickelten Fassung KABC-II dargestellt, die 2015 erschien und über eine Revision der Ursprungsfassung deutlich hinausgehende Modifikationen aufweist, insbesondere erstmals eine duale theoretische Grundlage.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Unterstützte Kommunikation (UK) mit der iPad-App MetaTalkDE

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 39-41
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-110890

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

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Sprachfreie Intelligenzdiagnostik: Die nonverbalen Intelligenztests SON-R 2½–7 und SON-R 6–40

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 21-24
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103297

Vorgestellt werden Chancen und Grenzen der nonverbalen Intelligenztests SON-R 2½-7 und SON-R 6–40, die bei Kindern, Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit expressiven und rezeptiven Sprachstörungen, Hörstörungen oder anderen Beeinträchtigungen der Kommunikationsfähigkeiten eine konsequent sprachfreie Intelligenzdiagnostik ermöglichen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Neue Intelligenztests

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 34-36
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103300

Der Beitrag stellt kursorisch eine Auswahl standardisierter Intelligenztests vor, die die zum Zeitpunkt der Konzeption des Heftschwerpunkts im Frühjahr 2014 dem Anwendermarkt noch nicht zur Verfügung standen bzw. erst avisiert waren.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Sprachfreie Intelligenztests für Kinder und Jugendliche Darstellung und vergleichende Betrachtung von CFT 1–R, CFT 20–R, SPM, CPM, WMT-2, BOMAT – Standard

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 25-28
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100601

Die nonverbalen Intelligenztests CFT 1–R, CFT 20–R, SMP, CPM, WMT-2 und BOMAT – Standard werden vorgestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer Anwendbarkeit bei sprach-, sprech- und hörgestörten Kindern und Jugendlichen begutachtet. Das Aufgabenmaterial der Tests ist zwar stets sprachfrei gestaltet, die Instruktionen erfolgen aber weitgehend sprachbasiert. Kritische Aspekte der Anwendung der Testverfahren werden diskutiert. Abschließend erfolgt eine Empfehlung zum Einsatz der Testverfahren bei sprach-, sprech- und hörgestörten Kindern und Jugendlichen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Intelligenzdiagnostik mit den Wechsler-Skalen

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 15-20
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103296

Die Intelligenz bildet für viele Fragestellungen ein wichtiges Bezugsmaß, und der IQ wird als wichtiger Ankerwert in der Diagnostik verschiedener Störungsbilder verlangt. Intelligenztests, die auf dem Intelligenzkonzept nach Wechsler beruhen, gehören zu den am häufigsten in der Praxis eingesetzten Verfahren. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt hierüber einen Überblick und stellt verschiedene Verfahren für das Vor-, Grundschul-, Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter gegenüber. Dabei werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Intelligenzdiagnostik bei expressiven und rezeptiven Sprachdefiziten diskutiert.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Ein Vergleich von Kindern mit und ohne pragmatisch-kommunikativen Defiziten in ihren kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und im Verhalten

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 42-46
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-106998

Hintergrund: Die Studie befasst sich mit verschiedenen kognitiven Basiskompetenzen und möglichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Vorschülern mit und ohne Defizite in der Pragmatik, um einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis von sozial-pragmatischen Fähigkeiten zu leisten. Methode: Anhand von multivariaten Varianzanalysen werden die Elterneinschätzungen zu exekutiven Funktionen und zur sozial-emotionalen Entwicklung von 268 Kindern untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die Risikogruppe erreicht deutlich höhere Problemwerte in den exekutiven Funktionen und weist häufiger Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Hyperaktivität und sozial-emotionale Probleme auf. Diskussion: Defizite in der Pragmatik scheinen häufig mit externalisierenden Verhaltensweisen und niedrigeren Leistungen im Arbeitsgedächtnis einherzugehen.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Eine Einführung in den Schwerpunkt „Intelligenzmessung“

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 14-14
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103295

Schwerpunkt der Sprache – Stimme – Gehör 3/2012 war das Thema „Intelligenz und Sprache". Es ging um die sprachlich-kognitive Entwicklung im Zeitfenster des Übergangs von der Kita in die Schule, um intellektuelle Hochbegabung und Sprache, um die Beziehung von Intelligenzminderung und Sprache (bzw. Sprachstörungen und Intelligenz), um das Phänomen „Intelligenzabbau" und um die Wirkung von Denkprogrammen auf Sprachleistungen. Der aktuelle Schwerpunkt beschäftigt sich mit einer psychometrischen Facette des Themas, der Intelligenzmessung, wozu in der Regel ein Intelligenztest eingesetzt wird.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

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Θεραπεία σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας (Cost-effective)

Η αποκάλυψη της αύξησης των περιστατικών της σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας στην περιοχή της Πάτρας, δημιούργησε την ερώτηση που παρουσιάζεται πάντα όταν εμφανίζονται σήμερα τέτοια υγειονομικά ενδημικά επεισόδια.

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Η σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας και η ελπίδα στην Πάτρα

Αυτό που έγινε γνωστό στην περιοχή της Πάτρας από το έτος 2015 και παραμένει επίκαιρο μέχρι και σήμερα είναι χαρακτηριστικό του φαινομένου της ελπίδας στις κρίσεις.

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Η επαναμυελίνωση στη σκλήρυνση κατά πλάκας (ΣΚΠΣ)

Η κλινική μορφή της σκλήρυνσης κατά πλάκας είναι αποτέλεσμα μίας διαδικασίας απομυελίνωσης στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα.

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Surgery Beats Medical Treatment in Reducing Fracture Risk in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (FREE)

By Kelly Young Edited by David G. Fairchild, MD, MPH Parathyroidectomy is associated with reduced fracture risk compared with observation in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Bisphosphonate use, meanwhile, is tied to increased risk, according to a retrospective …

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Environmental Immunology: Lessons Learned from Exposure to a Select Panel of Immunotoxicants [BRIEF REVIEWS]

Exposure to environmental contaminants can produce profound effects on the immune system. Many classes of xenobiotics can significantly suppress or enhance immune responsiveness depending on the levels (i.e., dose) and context (i.e., timing, route) of exposure. Although defining the effects that toxicants can have on the immune system is a valuable component to improving public health, environmental immunology has greatly enhanced our understanding of how the immune system functions and has provided innovative avenues to explore new immunotherapies. This Brief Review focuses on three examples of how immunotoxicology has benefitted the field of immunology, presenting information on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway, the immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials, and the impact of xenobiotic exposure on the developing immune system. Collectively, contributions from immunotoxicology have significantly enhanced public health and spurred seminal advances in both basic and applied immunology.

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TRIM21 Immune Signaling Is More Sensitive to Antibody Affinity Than Its Neutralization Activity [MOLECULAR AND STRUCTURAL IMMUNOLOGY]

Ab-coated viruses can be detected in the cytosol by the FcR tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21), which rapidly recruits the proteasomal machinery and triggers induction of immune signaling. As such, TRIM21 plays a key role in intracellular protection by targeting invading viruses for destruction and alerting the immune system. A hallmark of immunity is elicitation of a balanced response that is proportionate to the threat, to avoid unnecessary inflammation. In this article, we show how Ab affinity modulates TRIM21 immune function. We constructed a humanized monoclonal IgG1 against human adenovirus type 5 (AdV5) and a panel of Fc-engineered variants with a wide range of affinities for TRIM21. We found that IgG1-coated viral particles were neutralized via TRIM21, even when affinity was reduced by as much as 100-fold. In contrast, induction of NF-B signaling was more sensitive to reduced affinity between TRIM21 and the Ab variants. Thus, TRIM21 mediates neutralization under suboptimal conditions, whereas induction of immune signaling is balanced according to the functional affinity for the incoming immune stimuli. Our findings have implications for engineering of antiviral IgG therapeutics with tailored effector functions.

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Cutting Edge: CLEC5A Mediates Macrophage Function and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathologies [CUTTING EDGE]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating disease with no effective therapies. We investigated the role of the C-type lectin receptor, CLEC5A, in macrophage activation and pulmonary pathogenesis in a mouse model of COPD. We demonstrate that CLEC5A is expressed on alveolar macrophages in mice exposed long-term to cigarette smoke (CS), as well as in human smokers. We also show that CLEC5A-mediated activation of macrophages enhanced cytokine elaboration alone, as well as in combination with LPS or GM-CSF in CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, using Clec5a-deficient mice, we demonstrate that CS-induced macrophage responsiveness is mediated by CLEC5A, and CLEC5A is required for the development of inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and airspace enlargement. These findings suggest a novel mechanism that promotes airway inflammation and pathologies in response to CS exposure and identifies CLEC5A as a novel target for the therapeutic control of COPD pathogenesis.

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IL-1{beta} and Inflammasome Activity Link Inflammation to Abnormal Fetal Airway Development [INNATE IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION]

Inflammation in the developing preterm lung leads to disrupted airway morphogenesis and chronic lung disease in human neonates. However, the molecular mechanisms linking inflammation and the pathways controlling airway morphogenesis remain unclear. In this article, we show that IL-1β released by activated fetal lung macrophages is the key inflammatory mediator that disrupts airway morphogenesis. In mouse lung explants, blocking IL-1β expression, posttranslational processing, and signaling protected the formation of new airways from the inhibitory effects of Escherichia coli LPS. Consistent with a critical role for IL-1β, mice expressing a gain-of-function Nlrp3 allele and subsequent overactive inflammasome activity displayed abnormal saccular-stage lung morphogenesis and died soon after birth. Although the early-stage fetal lung appeared capable of mounting an NF-B–mediated immune response, airway formation became more sensitive to inflammation later in development. This period of susceptibility coincided with higher expression of multiple inflammasome components that could increase the ability to release bioactive IL-1β. Macrophages from Nlrp3 gain-of-function mice also expressed higher levels of more mature cell surface markers, additionally linking inflammasome activation with macrophage maturation. These data identify developmental expression of the inflammasome and IL-1β release by fetal lung macrophages as key mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for neonatal lung disease.

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Control of the Physical and Antimicrobial Skin Barrier by an IL-31-IL-1 Signaling Network [ALLERGY AND OTHER HYPERSENSITIVITIES]

Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease with increasing prevalence, is closely associated with skin barrier defects. A cytokine related to disease severity and inhibition of keratinocyte differentiation is IL-31. To identify its molecular targets, IL-31–dependent gene expression was determined in three-dimensional organotypic skin models. IL-31–regulated genes are involved in the formation of an intact physical skin barrier. Many of these genes were poorly induced during differentiation as a consequence of IL-31 treatment, resulting in increased penetrability to allergens and irritants. Furthermore, studies employing cell-sorted skin equivalents in SCID/NOD mice demonstrated enhanced transepidermal water loss following s.c. administration of IL-31. We identified the IL-1 cytokine network as a downstream effector of IL-31 signaling. Anakinra, an IL-1R antagonist, blocked the IL-31 effects on skin differentiation. In addition to the effects on the physical barrier, IL-31 stimulated the expression of antimicrobial peptides, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth on the three-dimensional organotypic skin models. This was evident already at low doses of IL-31, insufficient to interfere with the physical barrier. Together, these findings demonstrate that IL-31 affects keratinocyte differentiation in multiple ways and that the IL-1 cytokine network is a major downstream effector of IL-31 signaling in deregulating the physical skin barrier. Moreover, by interfering with IL-31, a currently evaluated drug target, we will have to consider that low doses of IL-31 promote the antimicrobial barrier, and thus a complete inhibition of IL-31 signaling may be undesirable.

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Correction: Cutting Edge: TRPV4-Mediated Detection of Hyposmotic Stress by Skin Keratinocytes Activates Developmental Immunity [CORRECTIONS]

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