Primary Pyomyositis of Levator Scapulae

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Primary Pyomyositis of Levator Scapulae via JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery Current Issue This case report describes a young woman who presented with a suspected deep neck space infection who was subsequently found to have an intramuscular abscess in the left levator scapulae muscle. View on Web

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Otoprotective Effects of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Herb Isolate against Acoustic Trauma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Otoprotective Effects of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore Herb Isolate against Acoustic Trauma via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com AbstractNoise is the most common occupational and environmental hazard, and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing deficit. Although therapeutics that target the free-radical pathway have shown promise, none of these compounds is currently approved against NIHL by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present study has demonstrated that tetrandrine (TET), a traditional Chinese medicinal alkaloid and the main chemical isolate of theStephania tetrandra S. Moore herb, significantly attenuated NIHL in CBA/CaJ mice. TET is known to exert antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects through the blocking of calcium channels. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording from adult spiral ganglion neurons showed that TET blocked the transient Ca2+... View on Web

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Effects of 3,3 ′-Iminodipropionitrile on Hair Cell Numbers in Cristae of CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J Mice

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Effects of 3,3 ′-Iminodipropionitrile on Hair Cell Numbers in Cristae of CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J Mice via JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology via MedWorm.com This study examines absolute hair cell numbers in the cristae of C57BL/6J mice and CBA/CaJ mice from weaning to adulthood as well as the dose required for 3,3 ′-iminodiproprionitrile (IDPN)-injury of the cristae in C57BL/6J mice and CBA/CaJ mice, the two mouse strains most commonly used by inner ear researchers. In cristae of CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J mice, no loss of hair cells was observed up to 24 weeks. In both strains, dose-dependent loss of hair cells was observed 7 days after IDPN treatment of 2-month-old mice (IC50 = 16.1 mmol/kg in C57BL/6J mice vs. 25.21 mmol/kg in CBA/CaJ mice). Four-month-old C57BL/6J mice exposed to IDPN developed dose-dependent vestibular dysfunction as indicated by increased activity and circling behavior in open field tests and by failure to swim 7 da... View on Web

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Association of APACHE‐II Scores With 30‐Day Mortality After Tracheostomy: A Retrospective Study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Association of APACHE‐II Scores With 30‐Day Mortality After Tracheostomy: A Retrospective Study via The Laryngoscope An APACHE-II score of 30 and above is a potentially useful clinical indicator of increased risk of mortality within 30 days of tracheostomy in patients with ventilator-dependent respiratory failure (VDRF). This tool may prove a valuable resource for ICU physicians, surgeons, and families who are considering tracheostomy for patients with VDRF. Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether the Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) score is a reliable predictor of 30-day mortality in the setting of adult patients with ventilator-dependent respiratory failure (VDRF) who undergo tracheostomy. Methods This is a retrospective, single-institution study. Potential subjects were identified using the current procedural terminology codes for the tracheostomy procedure and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, codes for VDRF. APACHE-II scores were retrospectively calculated. Tracheostomies were performed in our population over an 18-month period (November 2018 through April 2020). Our study population did not include patients with novel coronavirus. The primary outcome was mortality at 30 days after tracheostomy. Results A total of 238 patients with VDRF who had a tracheostomy were included in this study. Twenty-eight (11.8%) patients died within 30 days of tracheostomy. The mean (standard deviation) APACHE-II score was 22.5 (10.2) for patients who died within 30 days of tracheostomy and 19.8 (7.4) for patients living within 30 days of tracheostomy (p = 0.30). Patients with APACHE-II scores greater than or equal to 30 showed higher odds of death within 30 days of tracheostomy (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.14–7.89, p = 0.03). Conclusion An APACHE-II score of 30 and above is associated with mortality within 30 days of tracheostomy in patients with VDRF. APACHE-II scores may be a promising tool for assessing risk of mortality in patients with VDRF after tracheostomy. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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Incidence of Persistent Tracheocutaneous Fistula After Pediatric Tracheostomy Decannulation

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Incidence of Persistent Tracheocutaneous Fistula After Pediatric Tracheostomy Decannulation via The Laryngoscope Two-thirds of children will develop a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) after tracheostomy decannulation. Persistent TCF is correlated with longer duration of tracheostomy and congenital malformations. Objectives To determine the incidence of tracheocutaneous fistula (TCF) and identify characteristics associated with persistence. Study Design Prospective cohort. Methods All successfully decannulated children (<18 years) between 2014 and 2020 at a tertiary children's hospital were included. Revision tracheostomies, concomitant major neck surgery, or single-stage laryngotracheal reconstructions were excluded. A persistent TCF was defined as a patent fistula at 6 weeks after decannulation. Results A total of 77 children met inclusion criteria with a persistent TCF incidence of 65% (50/77). Children with a persistent TCF were younger at placement (1.4 years (SD: 3.3) vs. 8.5 years (SD: 6.5), p < 0.001) and tracheostomy-dependent longer (2.8 years (SD: 1.3) vs. 0.9 years (SD: 0.7), p < 0.001). On univariate analysis, placement under 12 months of age (86% vs. 26% p < 0.001), duration of tracheostomy more than 2 years (76% vs. 11% p < 0.001), short gestation (64% vs. 26%, p = 0.002), congenital malformations (64% vs. 33%, p = 0.02), newborn complications (58% vs. 26%, p = 0.009), maternal complications (40% vs. 11%, p = 0.009) and chronic respiratory failure (72% vs. 41%, p = 0.01) were associated with persistent TCF. Logistic regression analysis associated duration of tracheostomy (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05–0.35, p < ; 0.001) and congenital malformations (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.06–0.99, p = 0.049) with failure to spontaneously close. Conclusions Two-thirds of children will develop a persistent TCF after tracheostomy decannulation. Persistent TCF is correlated with a longer duration of tracheostomy and congenital malformations. Anticipation of this event in higher-risk children is necessary when caring for pediatric tracheostomy patients. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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The Optimized Protocol of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The Optimized Protocol of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy For Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss via The Laryngoscope When HBOT (10 sessions) was combined with corticosteroids as the initial therapy for SSNHL, a higher pressure (1.5 ATA vs. 2.5 ATA) provided better treatment result; however, increasing the duration (1 h vs. 2 h) did not result in a significant difference. The addition of 1.5 ATA HBOT showed similar results to the treatment without HBOT in our previous study. Objective This study aimed to determine the optimal protocol of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) according to various treatment settings for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Methods A 112 patients with SSNHL were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were treated with systemic steroid therapy, intratympanic steroid therapy, and HBOT. According to the pressure and duration of HBOT (10 sessions in total), the patients were divided into three groups: group 1, 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 1 h; group 2, 2.5 ATA for 2 h; and group 3, 1.5 ATA for 1 h. The pure-tone average (PTA), word discrimination score (WDS), and mean gain were compared. Results A total of 105 patients completed the 3-month follow-up, and 6 patients were excluded. Differences among groups were found in PTA, WDS, and mean gain. In the post-hoc analysis, group 3 had significantly lower WDS and mean gain than groups 1 and 2; however, group 2 showed no significant differences from group 1. The proportion of patients with hearing recovery after treatment was significantly higher in group 1 (57.6%) and group 2 (58.8%) than in group 3 (31.3%). Conclusions When HBOT (10 sessions) was combined with corticosteroids as the initial therapy for SSNHL, a higher pressure (1.5 ATA vs. 2.5 ATA) provided better treatment results; however, increasing the duration (1 h vs. 2 h) under 2.5 ATA did not result in a significant difference. Therefore, HBOT for SSNHL may be performed at 2.5 ATA for 1 h in 10 sessions. Laryngoscope, 2022 View on Web

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