CAD/CAM and 3D-printing Applications for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation

Abstract

Purpose of Review

CAD/CAM and 3D-printing are emerging manufacturing technologies in dentistry. In the field of alveolar ridge augmentation, graft customization utilizing these technologies can result in significant reduction of surgical time. A review of the literature on materials, techniques, and applications of CAD/CAM and 3D-printing available for alveolar ridge augmentation was performed.

Recent Findings

CAD/CAM applications for milling of customized block grafts of allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic origins have been reported, and currently only limited products are commercially available. 3D-printing applications are limited to alloplastic graft materials and containment shells, and have been mostly used in animal studies for optimizing biomaterials' properties.

Summary

While current data support the potential use of CAD/CAM and 3D-printing for graft customization for alveolar ridge augmentation procedures, additional research is needed on predictability and long-term stability of the grafted sites.

https://ift.tt/2wcp2FC

Texting atopic dermatitis patients to optimize learning and eczema area and severity index scores: A pilot randomized control trial

Pediatric Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2HM45mg

Interaction between a MAPT variant causing frontotemporal dementia and mutant APP affects axonal transport

Publication date: August 2018
Source:Neurobiology of Aging, Volume 68
Author(s): Robert Adalbert, Stefan Milde, Claire Durrant, Kunie Ando, Virginie Stygelbout, Zehra Yilmaz, Stacey Gould, Jean-Pierre Brion, Michael P. Coleman
In Alzheimer's disease, many indicators point to a central role for poor axonal transport, but the potential for stimulating axonal transport to alleviate the disease remains largely untested. Previously, we reported enhanced anterograde axonal transport of mitochondria in 8- to 11-month-old MAPT^P301L knockin mice, a genetic model of frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17T. In this study, we further characterized the axonal transport of mitochondria in younger MAPT^P301L mice crossed with the familial Alzheimer's disease model, TgCRND8, aiming to test whether boosting axonal transport in young TgCRND8 mice can alleviate axonal swelling. We successfully replicated the enhancement of anterograde axonal transport in young MAPT^P301L/P301L knockin animals. Surprisingly, we found that in the presence of the amyloid precursor protein mutations, MAPT^P301L/P3101L impaired anterograde axonal transport. The numbers of plaque-associated axonal swellings or amyloid plaques in TgCRND8 brains were unaltered. These findings suggest that amyloid-β promotes an action of mutant tau that impairs axonal transport. As amyloid-β levels increase with age even without amyloid precursor protein mutation, we suggest that this rise could contribute to age-related decline in frontotemporal dementia.



https://ift.tt/2w7MgMY

Hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity in two patients with dermatological conditions

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2I6TwNR

Hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity in two patients with dermatological conditions

Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2I6TwNR

Melanoma underreporting among US dermatopathologists: A pilot study

Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2jpYWW8

Table of Contents

https://ift.tt/2HPFTzi

Editorial Board w/barcode

https://ift.tt/2rfHd8a

Pulsus alternans induced by spinal anesthesia

Pulsus alternans is attributed to an alteration of the stroke volume with every other cardiac cycle, and reduced venous return is considered an important causative factor. Tachycardia can exacerbate this process as diastolic filling becomes further impaired. During pulsus alternans, increased end-diastolic volume can increase wall stress, which further reduces systolic performance [1], making appropriate treatment essential, even if the patient shows no signs or symptoms of heart failure.

https://ift.tt/2HRwlnC

Airtraq® reduces the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation using single-lumen tubes in adults compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

To investigate whether Airtraq® attenuate the hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation using single-lumen tubes in adults as compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope.

https://ift.tt/2HR3f7x

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block elicits sensory loss around the lateral, but not the parasternal, portion of the thorax

Ultrasound-guided erector spinae plane block (US-ESPB) has been recently reported to be an effective technique for thoracic surgery [1,2]. US-ESPB is a type of fascial block requiring a sufficient dose of drug to adequately cover the interfascial plane [3]. We performed US-ESPB for 12 patients in cases of thoracoscopic lobectomy and assessed the anesthetized area from anterior to lateral thorax, as well as postoperative pain scores, to verify the analgesic features for thoracic surgery. After obtaining written informed consent from all patients and approval from the Institutional Review Board of Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1–3, who were scheduled to undergo complete video-assisted lobectomy without rib spreading, underwent US-ESPB followed by the induction of general anesthesia.

https://ift.tt/2reABau

Bilateral continuous erector spinae plane blocks for sternotomy in a pediatric cardiac patient

Effectiveness of continuous erector spinae plane (ESP) block as an alternative to thoracic epidural anesthesia have been reported for pain management in pulmonary malignancy [1]. In fact, there are multiple reports [2–5] can provide good analgesia for selective major thoracic procedures when epidural anesthesia is contraindicated, or if there are other concerns about administering an epidural.

https://ift.tt/2HR2Y4v

Transnasal sphenopalatine nerve block for patients with headaches

Letter to the editor

https://ift.tt/2rheksB

13th International Workshop on Resistance to Thyroid Hormone and Thyroid Hormone Action

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2FFmwqC

The Association of Dietary Intakes of Total Polyphenol and Its Subclasses with the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2FE77XF

Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Associations Between Uric Acid Levels and Metabolic Syndrome Over Time

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2jnFwkM

Clinical and Body Compositional Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Koreans: A Cross-Sectional Study

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2FE6Hk3

Relationship of Selected Adipokines with Markers of Vascular Damage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2Kuj5Xw

Prevalence and Burden Related to Genital Warts in India

Viral Immunology, Ahead of Print.


https://ift.tt/2JJim3B

Colloidal bioplasmonics

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:Nano Today
Author(s): Ester Polo, María F. Navarro Poupard, Luca Guerrini, Pablo Taboada, Beatriz Pelaz, Ramón A. Alvarez-Puebla, Pablo del Pino
Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of plasmonic nanomaterials for applications in biology and medicine generating a new field, the so-called bioplasmonics. At present, plasmonic nanoparticles can be found in many applications serving as therapeutics, diagnostic or theranostic agents. The rapid advancement of bioplasmonics has gone hand in hand with the multiplication of the synthetic methods to produce finely-tailored plasmonic nanomaterials and the development of their surface functionalization tools, which is key to provide them with colloidal stability and/or specificity in complex biological media. This review aims to highlight basic physicochemical properties in the bioplasmonics context, as well as the most important bioapplications based on the properties of plasmonic colloids. Pioneering works that stimulated the rise of the bioplasmonics field, as well as most recent advances and future directions are discussed.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2w9akir

Weighted Regularized statistical shape space projection for breast 3D model reconstruction

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:Medical Image Analysis
Author(s): Guillermo Ruiz, Eduard Ramon, Jaime García, Federico M. Sukno, Miguel A. González Ballester
The use of 3D imaging has increased as a practical and useful tool for plastic and aesthetic surgery planning. Specifically, the possibility of representing the patient breast anatomy in a 3D shape and simulate aesthetic or plastic procedures is a great tool for communication between surgeon and patient during surgery planning. For the purpose of obtaining the specific 3D model of the breast of a patient, model-based reconstruction methods can be used. In particular, 3D Morphable Models (3DMM) are a robust and widely used method to perform 3D reconstruction. However, if additional prior information (i.e., known landmarks) is combined with the 3DMM statistical model, shape constraints can be imposed to improve the 3DMM fitting accuracy.In this paper we present a framework to fit a 3DMM of the breast to two possible inputs: 2D photos and 3D point clouds (scans). Our method consists in a Weighted Regularized (WR) projection into the shape space. The contribution of each point in the 3DMM shape is weighted allowing to assign more relevance to those points that we want to impose as constraints. Our method is applied at multiple stages of the 3D reconstruction process. Firstly, it can be used to obtain a 3DMM initialization from a sparse set of 3D points. Additionally, we embed our method in the 3DMM fitting process in which more reliable or already known 3D points or regions of points, can be weighted in order to preserve their shape information. The proposed method has been tested in two different input settings: scans and 2D pictures assessing both reconstruction frameworks with very positive results.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2rhICv7

Probing the evolutionary conserved residues Y204, F259, S400 and W590 that shape the catalytic groove of human TDP1 for 3′- and 5′-phosphodiester-DNA bond cleavage

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Evgeny Kiselev, Thomas S. Dexheimer, Christophe Marchand, Shar-yin Naomi Huang, Yves Pommier
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) is an ubiquitous DNA repair enzyme present in yeast, plants and animals. It removes a broad range of blocking lesions at the ends of DNA breaks. The catalytic core of TDP1 consists in a pair of conserved histidine-lysine-asparagine (HKN) motifs. Analysis of the human TDP1 (hTDP1) crystal structure reveals potential involvement of additional residues that shape the substrate binding site. In this biochemical study, we analyzed four such conserved residues, tyrosine 204 (Y204), phenylalanine 259 (F259), serine 400 (S400) and tryptophan 590 (W590). We show that the F259 residue of hTDP1 is critical for both 3′- and 5′-phosphodiesterase catalysis. We propose that the double π-π interactions of the F259 residue with the −2 and −3 nucleobases serve to position the nucleopeptide substrate in phase with the active site histidines of hTDP1. Mutating Y204 of hTDP1 to phenylalanine (Y204F), as in fly and yeast TDP1 enzymes, had minor impact on TDP1 activity. In constrast, we find that S400 enhances 3′-processing activity while it suppresses 5′-processing activity, thereby promoting specificity for 3′-substrates. W590 is selectively important for 5′-processing. These results reveal the impact of conserved amino acid residues that participate in defining the DNA binding groove around the dual HKN catalytic core motif of TDP1, and their differential roles in facilitating the 3′- vs 5′-end processing activities of hTDP1.



https://ift.tt/2jroFxE

Vertical shift in ciliate body-size spectrum and its environmental drivers in western Arctic pelagic ecosystems

Abstract

As an inherent functional trait, body-size spectrum is widely used as an informative indicator to summarize community structures in taxon-free space. The vertical shift in the body-size spectrum of pelagic ciliates and its environmental drivers were explored at eight depth layers from the water surface to a depth of 100 m in western Arctic pelagic ecosystems. A total of 85 samples were collected at 23 sampling stations during the summer sea-ice reduction period from August 5 to August 24, 2016. Based on equivalent spherical diameter (ESD), six body-size ranks were identified, of which ranks S2 (15–25 μm), S3 (26–38 μm), S4 (39–60 μm), and S6 (79–91 μm) were the top four levels in frequency of occurrence and ranks S2 and S3 were the dominant levels in abundance. The body-size spectrum of the ciliates showed a clear vertical shift, with a significant succession among the dominant body-size units from the water surface to deeper layers in the water column. Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant vertical variation in the body-size spectrum of the ciliates among the eight depths, which was significantly correlated with nutrients (phosphate and nitrite + nitrate) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), alone or in combination with dissolved oxygen. Four body-size diversity/distinctness indices were significantly correlated with the levels of phosphate, nitrite + nitrate, ammonium, and Chl a. Our results demonstrated that the body-size spectrum of pelagic ciliates can be shifted by environmental drivers (mainly nutrients and Chl a); thus, we suggest that it may be used to indicate water quality status on a vertical scale in the water column in deep seas.

https://ift.tt/2JOcK8e

Tannerella forsythia‐produced methylglyoxal causes accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts to trigger cytokine secretion in human monocytes

Molecular Oral Microbiology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2JNJdLR

Radiation-induced carcinosarcoma of the submandibular gland: case report and review of literature.

Related Articles

Radiation-induced carcinosarcoma of the submandibular gland: case report and review of literature.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):339-343

Authors: Haidar YM, Rose MA

Abstract
Radiation-induced carcinosarcoma of the submandibular gland: case report and review of literature. Radiation-induced carcinosarcoma (RICS) of the head and neck is a very rare and extremely aggressive entity. We present the case of a 60-year-old man diagnosed with a T2N2cM0 squamous cell carcinoma at the right base of the tongue (BOT). The patient was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) to the BOT and bilateral neck. He developed left submandibular firmness five years after treatment, initially diagnosed as radiation-induced fibrosis. The increasing size of the left submandibular mass two years later prompted further imaging, which showed a 2.2x1.8 cm mass in the left submandibular region in the previously irradiated field. This was diagnosed as a radiation-induced submandibular gland malignancy. This is the first reported case of a RICS in the submandibular gland and demonstrates the importance of early workup and evaluation of submandibular gland pathology in a patient with a history of radiation for a head and neck malignancy.

PMID: 29709139 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2w4ppC8

Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report.

Related Articles

Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):333-337

Authors: Bajraktari A, Seccia V, Casani AP, Franceschini SS

Abstract
Isolated laryngeal leishmaniasis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report.
OBJECTIVE: Isolated laryngeal Leishmaniasis presents neither explicit laryngeal lesions nor specific symptoms. In fact, it may mimic many inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Considering the low incidence of this atypical localization, laryngeal Leishmaniasis, is rarely contemplated by physicians in differential diagnoses of laryngeal tumour lesions. We present the case of a 62-year-old immunocompetent subject who developed a single Leishmania mucosal lesion on the left vocal cord, simulating a laryngeal cancer.
METHODS: A case report and discussion of the clinical case by referring to the literature.
RESULTS: Specific therapy with miltefosine led to clinical and endoscopic improvement. We had no relapse after three years of follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: This clinical case highlights the need to consider isolated laryngeal Leishmaniasis in the differential diagnoses of laryngeal tumour lesions, even in immunocompetent subjects who live in endemic zones, in order to ensure an early and correct therapeutic approach.

PMID: 29709138 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2HIF4wa

Corticosteroid hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis.

Related Articles

Corticosteroid hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):315-322

Authors: Arslan H, Gunduz O, Basaran M, Kocaturk S

Abstract
Corticosteroid hypersensitivity in allergic rhinitis.
BACKGROUND: intranasal corticosteroid (IC) is the most effective treatment method in allergic rhinitis patients who are unresponsive to antihistamines. The literature reports an approximate 20% treatment failure for instances where IC is used for the treatment allergic rhinitis. Hypersensitivity reaction to corticosteroids may be one of the causes of this treatment failure.
OBJECTIVE: to discover the incidence and confounding factors of corticosteroid hypersensitivity in patients with allergic rhinitis.
METHODS: after 31 patients were excluded, 150 consecutive patients who were prospectively evaluated in our outpatient clinics with the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and 50 age- and sex- matched healthy volunteers were included in this study. To diagnose allergic rhinitis, the symptoms of patients and a skin prick test were used. A skin patch test was used to determine corticosteroid hypersensitivity. Total IgE values and total eosinophil count were obtained for all patients. Total symptom scores were calculated for the severity of symptoms and to determine the response to therapy using intranasal corticosteroids.
RESULTS: the incidence of corticosteroid hypersensitivity determined via the skin patch test was 14.0% (21 out of 150 patients). A difference was observed for patch test positivity results between the study and control groups (14% vs. 0%, respectively). Serum IgE levels and total eosinophil count were higher among patients who had corticosteroid hypersensitivity (p:0.005 and p:0.004, respectively). Patients unresponsive to intranasal corticosteroids had a higher incidence of corticosteroid hypersensitivity (71.4% vs. 4.4%, p<0.00 1).
CONCLUSION: our study is the largest to date investigating CH in patients with allergic rhinitis and patients with allergic rhinitis have been found to have a high incidence (14%) of corticosteroid hypersensitivity, which may affect the response of patients to intranasal corticosteroid treatment.

PMID: 29709136 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2I5cGDZ

The microbiology of normal non-inflamed sinuses.

Related Articles

The microbiology of normal non-inflamed sinuses.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):297-304

Authors: Brook I

Abstract
The microbiology of normal non-inflamed sinuses.
OBJECTIVES: The presence of organisms in the healthy sinus was uncertain for many decades. This review summarizes the studies that have explored the microbiology of normal non-inflamed sinuses using conventional microbiological culture methods and non-culture molecular techniques, and discusses the potential implications of these for the treatment and prevention of sinus inflammation.
METHODOLOGY: A literature search of the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, TRIP, and MEDLINE databases was conducted from their inception (1993 for the Cochrane Library, 1980 for EMBASE, 1997 for TRIP, and 1966 for MEDLINE) to 25th June 2016.
RESULTS: Studies that used adequate microbiological methods demonstrated the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in healthy non-inflamed sinuses. These organisms may participate in sinus inflammation if the right circumstances arise. Recent data suggest that the host response or lack of response to normal sinus flora may be central to the development of sinus inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthy non-inflamed sinuses are colonized by rich and diverse populations of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. These organisms may participate in sinus inflammation if the right circumstances arise. The host response or lack of response to the normal sinus flora may be central to the development of sinus inflammation. Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum seems to have a potential pathogenic role, while certain probiotics may have a protective effect. Modulation of the sinus flora by topical antimicrobial and/or probiotic organisms which may interfere with the growth of potential bacterial and fungal pathogens may be used to prevent and treat sinus inflammation.

PMID: 29709134 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2HJu9SZ

Assessment and management of presumed branchial cleft cysts: our experience.

Related Articles

Assessment and management of presumed branchial cleft cysts: our experience.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):291-296

Authors: Sharma SD, Stimpson P

Abstract
Assessment and management of presumed branchial cleft cysts: our experience.
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to assess the accuracy of diagnosis and management of presumed branchial cleft cysts in our centre.
METHODOLOGY: Retrospective review of patients with a clinical diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst at B arts Health NHS Trust from 2009 to 2015.
RESULTS: 67 patients underwent surgical excision for presumed branchial cysts. Ninety per cent were histologically confirmed, 7% demonstrated cystic metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, and 3% lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid cancer. No patient had pre-operative Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) discussion. Pre-operative FNA had a positive predictive value of 90% (95% Cl 0.82-0.95). Age >40 years (p=0.02) and presence of lymph nodes (p=0.02) carried a higher risk of malignancy.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients >40 years with or without multiple lymph nod 'es on imaging should be treated as presumed meta- static cancer. Consideration should be given to concurrent panendoscopy and intra-operative frozen section +/- selective neck dissection after discussion at the Head & Neck MDT.

PMID: 29709133 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2wbJA0Y

Comparison of the cough reflex test and water swallowing test in healthy participants and neurological patients.

Related Articles

Comparison of the cough reflex test and water swallowing test in healthy participants and neurological patients.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):285-289

Authors: Battel I, Ceolin A, Koch I, Ventura L, Tonin P, Palmer K, Meneghello F

Abstract
Comparison of the cough reflex test and water swallowing test in healthy participants and neurological patients.
BACKGROUND: Silent aspiration is poorly identified by traditional clinical swallowing evaluations. Recently, sevral studies have proposed the use of a cough reflex test (CRT) for screening patients at risk of aspirations. The first aithis study is to investigate the CRT thresholds of citric acid concentration for identifying cough responses in healthy participants and neurological patients. The second aim is to compare the results of the CRT with the water swallowing test (WST), a standard screening test for identifying cough responses in neurological patients.
METHODS: The CRT and then the WST were administered to 100 neurological patients and 100 healthy participants. For the CRT, we administered incremental solutions of citric acid interspersed with placebo doses. We used the results of the CRT in healthy participants to define a citric acid concentration cut-off, which could be used with neurological patients as a screening for aspirations.
RESULTS: As all controls coughed at a concentration of 0.1 mol/L, this was used as a cut-off in patients to identify coughing as a screening for aspiration risk. Patients showed cough reflexes at concentrations significantly higher than controls (p=0 .001). The WST was not administered to 17 patients, due to cognitive deficits and severe clinical conditions. Thirty six patients had a cough response above the screening cut-off (> 0.1 mol/L), 25 of which (30.1%) also had a positive cough response during the WST.
CONCLUSION: The CRT correlated significantly with the WST. Unlike the WST, the CRT could be easily administered to severely impaired patients. Our results indicate the use of the CRT as a screening test for silent aspirators.

PMID: 29709132 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2Ic4iCs

Airway intervention in cases of acute epiglottitis.

Related Articles

Airway intervention in cases of acute epiglottitis.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):279-284

Authors: Shimizu Y, Mori E, Wada K, Otori N, Kojima H

Abstract
Airway intervention in cases of acute epiglottitis.Problem/objectives: In cases of acute epiglottitis, indications for airway intervention have not been established. In the present study, we reviewed patients with acute epiglottitis to identify clinical factors, which suggest airway intervention should be performed.
METHODOLOGY: Patients with acute epiglottitis admitted to The Jikei University Daisan Hospital (Tokyo) from 2004 to 2013 were identified. Patients' characteristics, histories, laryngoscopic findings and laboratory findings were reviewed and analysed.
RESULTS: Of the 83 patients (82 adults and one adolescent) in the sample, 16 (19%) underwent airway intervention and conservative treatment. The factors that were significantly more likely to have been present in patients who received airway intervention were odynophagia, drooling, hoarseness, muffled voice, dyspnoea, swelling of the posterior side of the epiglottis, less than 50% of the glottis area being visible with laryngoscopy, and a high white blood cell (WBC) count. The only factor that was shown by multiple logistic regression analysis to be distinctively predictive of airway intervention was "less than 50% of the glottis area being visible" (P = .000, odds ratio = 23.630, sensitivity = 86.6%, specificity = 78.6%, predictive accuracy = 85.2%).
CONCLUSIONS: When considering whether airway intervention should be performed in cases of acute epiglottitis, the most important clinical factor is the laryngoscopic finding that "less than 50% of the glottis area being visible." Other important clinical factors to consider are odynophagia, drooling, hoarseness, muffled voice, dyspnoea, swelling of the posterior side of the epiglottis and a high WBC count.

PMID: 29709131 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2w2xFSW

Induction chemotherapy followed by supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) in T3NO arytenoid fixation-related glottic cancer.

Related Articles

Induction chemotherapy followed by supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP) in T3NO arytenoid fixation-related glottic cancer.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):271-277

Authors: Luna-Oritz K, Villavicencio-Valencia V, Rodriguez-Falconi A, Alvarez-Avitia M, Granados-Garcia M, Cano-Valdez AM, Peteuil N

Abstract
Induction chemotherapy followed by supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEF) in T3NO arytenoid fixation-related glottic cancer.
OBJECTIVE: Arytenoid fixation in the larynx has been considered a contraindication for performing organ preservation surgery (OPS). We present a retrospective series of cases of arytenoid fixation-related T3N0 glottic cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by OPS.
MATERIAL: Retrospective review of 19 patients (from 2008 to 2012) with T3NO glottic cancer who received two cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluoruracil (PPF), with a 21-day interval between each cycle, followed by supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL) with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (CHEP).
RESULTS: Sixteen patients with a mean age of 56.4 years received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a clinical response (7 partial response/9 complete response) and radiologic response by computed tomography (CT) (7 partial response/7 complete response/2 cases without CT) were treated with SCPL-CHEP and removal of the arytenoid cartilage in the tumour site (10 left/6 right), bilateral neck dissection of levels II to V and searching of the Delphian node. There was one patient who died after a recurrence in the larynx and who also had an additional concomitant second primary tumour, and a second patient with a second primary tumour in the lung, who is still alive after treatment. Disease-free survival (DFS) was 82.5% at 5 years and overall survival (OS) was 80% at 5 years.
CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy proved beneficial in patients waiting for surgery, helped maximize the oncologic benefit of the surgery provided (good local control using SCPL with CHEP), improved regional and distant control, minimized side effects by avoiding treatment with radiotherapy whenever possible, and proved feasible even in the presence of ipsilateral arytenoid fixation. Our results are encouraging, although a multi-centre randomized clinical trial should be performed in order to identify the true impact of this approach.

PMID: 29709130 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2HJnice

Human papilloma virus detection in oropharyngeal cancer with gargle samples.

Related Articles

Human papilloma virus detection in oropharyngeal cancer with gargle samples.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):263-269

Authors: Imai T, Sato I, Matsumoto K, Asada Y, Kato K, Sogai S, Watanabe K, Sadayasu R, Saijo S, Matsuura K

Abstract
Human papilloma virus detection in oropharyngeal cancer with gargle samples.
OBJECTIVE: human papilloma virus (HPV) is a major risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and knowledge of a patient's HPV status is clinically important in terms of treatment and prognosis. The practicality of using oral gargle samples to reliably detect HPV in patients with OPSCC remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility of HPV detection in gargle samples of OPSCC patients using an HPV-dedicated nucleic acid amplification test (cobas 4800 HPV Test; Roche Diagnostics K.K.).
METHODOLOGY: 15 patients with histologically proven OPSCC were evaluated from May 2014 to March 2015. Swab sam- ples served as positive controls and were tested using both the Hybrid Capture II HPV Test (HC-II; Digene Corporation) and the cobas 4800 HPV Test. Oral gargle samples were tested using the cobas 4800 HPV Test. Five of the 15 patients were confirmed to be HPV-positive by a combination of p16 immunohistochemistry, HPV-DNA in situ hybridization and nucleic acid amplification.
RESULTS: the sensitivity and specificity of the gargling method were 60% and 100%, respectively. No false-positives were obtained. Detection of HPV in two very small tumours rising from the base of the tongue was difficult and these cases were overlooked as HPV-negative.
CONCLUSIONS: use of the gargling method to determine HPV positivity in OPSCC patients appears feasible, except in patients with very small tumours. Real-time polymerase chain reaction using gargle samples may have greater clinical efficacy than the swabbing method.

PMID: 29709129 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2w2xGX0

The incidence of hypothyroidism after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

Related Articles

The incidence of hypothyroidism after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):257-262

Authors: Pil J, Nevens D, Van der Vorst A, Gadan C, Nuyts S

Abstract
The incidence of hypothyroidism after radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the incidence of radiation-induced hypothyroidism (HT) after head and neck radiotherapy.Furthermore, we wanted to correlate patient and treatment characteristics with the incidence of HT in order to identify predictive factors for radiation-induced HT.
METHODOLOGY: We examined the values of thyrotropin, i.e., the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), in head and neck cancer patients who received a combination treatment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy between 2005 and 2012. HT was defined as having a TSH value of > 10 mIU/L or whenever the patient started to take substitution therapy after treatment. We correlated the radiotherapy mean dose to the thyroid gland (Dmean), the pretreatment volume of the thyroid gland, sex, age, type of concomitant treatment, tumour localization, and T and N classification with the incidence of HT.
RESULTS: We were able to obtain data from 72 patients. From these 72 patients, 48 (66%) had a normal thyroid function and 25 (34%) had developed HT. The mean follow-up for these patients was 55 months (range: 21 to 103 months). Out of the 25 patients with HT, 8 (32%) were diagnosed within the first year of follow-up. Increasing Dmean is a significant risk factor for developing HT. Increasing thyroid volume, on the other hand, was correlated with less HT in our patient cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the incidence of HT is 34%. We also noticed that HT can even develop shortly after treatment. Patients with a higher Dmean to the thyroid gland and lower pretreatment thyroid gland volumes are more at risk.

PMID: 29709128 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2I6xkDE

The effect of paper patching on aural fullness of unknown aetiology.

Related Articles

The effect of paper patching on aural fullness of unknown aetiology.

B-ENT. 2016;12(4):249-256

Authors: Boedts M

Abstract
The effect of paper patching on aural fullness of unknown aetiology.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of paper patching on aural fullness.
METHODOLOGY: We conducted a prospective, single-blind, placebo-controlled study using urn randomization. Twenty-two patients presenting with the complaint of aural fullness, without middle-ear pathology, were recruited from a secondary referral centre. The tested intervention was the application of paper patches on specified areas of the tympanic membrane. The main outcome measure was the change in subjective symptoms of average aural fullness and peak aural fullness, based on differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements on a scale from 0 to 10.
RESULTS: Paper patching led to significant improvement in subjective symptom scores. In the treatment group, the change in average aural fullness was -2.00 (SD 2.00, p = 0.006), and the change in peak fullness was -1.77 (SD 2.49, p = 0.01). In the placebo group, these values were -0.13 (SD 1.55, p = 0.72) and +0.33 (SD 1.10, p = 0.37), respectively. No major adverse effects were reported.
CONCLUSION: After one week of treatment, paper patching showed a beneficial effect on aural fullness of vague or unknown aetiology.

PMID: 29709127 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2w78iPZ

Lung sounds classification using convolutional neural networks

Publication date: Available online 1 May 2018
Source:Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Author(s): Dalal Bardou, Kun Zhang, Sayed Mohammad Ahmad
In recent years, the classification of lung sounds has been the topic of interest in the field of bioinformatics. Lung sounds convey relevant information related to pulmonary disorders, and to evaluate patients with pulmonary conditions, the physician or the doctor uses the traditional auscultation technique. However, this technique suffers from limitations. For example, if the physician is not well trained, this may lead to a wrong diagnosis. Moreover, lung sounds are non-stationary, complicating the tasks of analysis, recognition, and distinction. This is why developing automatic recognition systems can help to deal with these limitations. In this paper, we compare three machine learning approaches for lung sounds classification. The first two approaches are based on the extraction of a set of handcrafted features trained by three different classifiers (support vector machines, k-nearest neighbor, and Gaussian mixture models) while the third approach is based on the design of convolutional neural networks (CNN). In the first approach, we extracted the 12 MFCC coefficients from the audio files then calculated six MFCCs statistics. We also experimented normalization using zero mean and unity variance to enhance accuracy. In the second approach, the local binary pattern (LBP) features are extracted from the visual representation of the audio files (spectrograms). The features are normalized using whitening. The dataset used in this work consists of seven classes (normal, coarse crackle, fine crackle, monophonic wheeze, polyphonic wheeze, squawk, and stridor). We have also experimentally tested dataset augmentation techniques on the spectrograms to enhance the ultimate accuracy of the CNN. The results show that CNN outperformed the handcrafted feature based classifiers.



https://ift.tt/2jmRQlg

Erratum to: A Novel Method of Neo-osseous Flap Prefabrication: Induction of Free Calvarial Periosteum with Bioactive Glass

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1646944

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2HNNJcy

Proper Choice of Vessels for Supermicrosurgery Training: An Experimental Animal study

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1648221

Background Reconstruction using supermicrosurgery, a technique of microneurovascular anastomosis for smaller vessels (< 0.8 mm), has become popular. Experimental animal studies for supermicrosurgery training have been reported; however, there have been few studies performed according to vessel diameter and pedicle length. In this study, the external diameters of four vessels (femoral, superficial epigastric, axillary, and common thoracic) and pedicle length of two flaps (superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic) were measured. Methods The inguinal and pectoral regions of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 19) were dissected anatomically, and the external diameters of the four vessels were measured (right and left, artery and vein measured separately). After elevating the superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic flaps, the pedicle length of the flaps was also measured. Results Among the 16 vessels examined, the external diameters of 11 and 5 vessels were above and below 0.8 mm, respectively. The external diameters of the superficial epigastric vessel and common thoracic vessel (both arteries and veins) were below 0.8 mm. The external diameters of the femoral and axillary vessels (veins) were above 0.8 mm. The length of the common thoracic–long thoracic pedicle was approximately10 mm longer than that of the superficial epigastric pedicle. Conclusions The external diameters of the superficial epigastric vessel and common thoracic vessel are small enough for supermicrosurgery training. The pedicle lengths of both the superficial epigastric and common thoracic–long thoracic flaps are sufficient to perform free flap experiments. Supermicrosurgical free flaps using these two vessels and a study of the physiology and pharmacology of the flaps will likely be possible in the future.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2jta98N

Vascularized Bone Grafting for Reconstruction of Oncologic Defects in the Spine: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of the Literature

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1642619

Background Resection of primary spinal tumors requires reconstruction for restoration of spinal column stability. Traditionally, some combination of bone grafting and instrumentation is implemented. However, delayed healing environments are associated with pseudoarthrodesis and failure. Implementation of vascularized bone grafting (VBG) to complement hardware may present a solution. We evaluated the use of VBG in oncologic spinal reconstruction via systematic review and pooled analysis of literature. Methods We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus for studies published through September 2017 according to the PRISMA guidelines and performed a pooled analysis of studies with n > 5. Additionally, we performed retrospective review of patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital that received spinal reconstruction with VBG. Results We identified 21 eligible studies and executed a pooled analysis of 12. Analysis indicated an 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.03) rate of successful union when VBG is employed after primary tumor resection. The overall complication rate was 42% (95% CI: 0.23–0.61) and reoperation rate was 27% (95% CI: 0.12–0.41) in the pooled cohort. Wound complication rate was 18% (95% CI: 0.11–0.26). Fifteen out of 209 patients (7.2%) had instrumentation failure and mean time-to-union was 6 months. Consensus in the literature and in the patients reviewed is that introduction of VBG into irradiated or infected tissue beds proves advantageous given decreased resorption, increased load bearing, and faster consolidation. Downsides to this technique included longer operations, donor-site morbidity, and difficulty in coordinating care. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that complication rates using VBG are similar to those reported in studies using non-VBG for similar spinal reconstructions; however, fusion rates are better. Given rapid fusion and possible hardware independence, VBG may be useful in reconstructing defects in patients with longer life expectancies and/or with a history of chemoradiation and/or infection at the site of tumor resection.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2w9j20l

„Expertise Plastische Chirurgie: Funktionelle Wiederherstellung der oberen Luft- und Speisewege“ von Stephan Remmert

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 305-305
DOI: 10.1055/a-0594-3542

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FCHHtx

Kommentar der Schriftleitung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 296-297
DOI: 10.1055/a-0553-1576

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2jqMPbJ

Kindliche Hörstörungen in der Logopädie

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 304-304
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-125451

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FDG9PV

Morbus Menière – wie hilfreich ist die Magnetresonanztomografie?

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 300-301
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121843

Patel VA et al. Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Ménière's disease. J Laryngol Otol 2017; 131: 602–607 Ein amerikanisches Wissenschaftlerteam veranschaulichte MRT-Befunde, die im Zusammenhang mit der Menière-Krankheit stehen. Diese umfassten kongenitale Malformationen, Schädigung der weißen Substanz, Veränderungen der hinteren Zirkulation und temporäre Abweichungen der Knochenstruktur.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2jpqzyA

Die neue Leitlinie Rhinosinusitis – eine Miniaturversion

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 309-312
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100795

Zu Beginn dieses Jahres wurde die neue Leitlinie „Rhinosinusitis" als gemeinsame Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V. (DGHNOKHC) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin (DEGAM) veröffentlicht. Die Zielgruppe der neuen Leitlinie sind erwachsene Patienten mit einer entzündlichen Erkrankung der Nasennebenhöhlen und sie richtet sich an alle ärztlichen Berufsgruppen, die mit der Diagnostik und Therapie dieser Patienten befasst sind. Die aktuelle Herausforderung besteht darin, die Inhalte der Leitlinie in die klinische Praxis zu implementieren. Hierzu wurde eine Miniaturversion für den Klinik- und Praxisalltag entwickelt, die eine schnelle Hilfe bei klinischen Fragestellungen bieten soll.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FCgGXh

Totale Laryngektomie: Wundinfektionen sind bei Diabetespatienten häufiger

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 301-302
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121849

Filimonov A et al. Postoperative Complications of Total Laryngectomy in Diabetic Patients. Laryngoscope 2017; 127: 2247–2251 Diabetes Mellitus gilt als Risikofaktor vieler Komorbiditäten und Komplikationen. Ob sich die Stoffwechselerkrankung ebenso negativ auf das Ergebnis einer totalen Laryngektomie auswirken kann, haben Filimonov und Kolleginnen/Kollegen jetzt anhand einer retrospektiven Datenanalyse genauer betrachtet.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2jrXdzD

HNO-Operationslehre Mit allen wichtigen Eingriffen

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 304-304
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-100817

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FAq3Xf

Der Video-Kopf-Impuls-Test

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 306-308
DOI: 10.1055/a-0553-1609

[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FDiVcO

Aus der Gutachtenpraxis: Gehörschäden durch Infraschall?

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 341-343
DOI: 10.1055/a-0553-1631

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2Kye4gQ

Beurteilung der chemosensorischen Funktion mit validierten Riech- und Schmecktests

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 344-356
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124025

Etwa 5 % der Bevölkerung leiden unter einer funktionellen Anosmie, bei weiteren 15 % ist die Riechfunktion eingeschränkt. Ein Grundpfeiler der Behandlung durch den HNO-Arzt ist die Beurteilung der chemosensorischen Funktion durch psychophysische Riech- und Schmecktests. Die Verwendung standardisierter validierter Instrumente ist zwingend erforderlich, um Patienten nach dem neuesten wissenschaftlichen Stand über Therapieverfahren beraten zu können.
[...]

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FBT30X

Fragen für die Facharztprüfung

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 357-358
DOI: 10.1055/a-0553-1642

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2KyWbhU

Rhinoplastik

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol 2018; 97: 359-363
DOI: 10.1055/a-0553-1686

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2FBSWCz

Das Orthopantomogramm in der Diagnostik von zervikalen Schwellungen, ein Fallbericht

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/a-0601-6985

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

https://ift.tt/2jm8OjY

Adult acute rhinosinusitis guidelines worldwide: similarities and disparities

International Forum of Allergy &Rhinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2HKNAuM

Activation of the rat olfactory bulb by direct ventral stimulation after nerve transection

International Forum of Allergy &Rhinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2rfvZjx

Glucocorticoid receptor isoform expression in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

International Forum of Allergy &Rhinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2KtUimq

Establishing the minimal clinically important difference for the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders

International Forum of Allergy &Rhinology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2rhTxnR

The Neurocognitive and Psychosocial Impacts of Violence and Trauma: Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief.

Childhood experiences, both positive and negative, can affect an individual's health and opportunities as an adult and have far-reaching effects on future violence victimization and perpetration. To better understand the impact of violence and trauma on neurocognitive functions and psychosocial well-being, the Forum on Global Violence Prevention convened a 2-day workshop on July 31– August 1, 2017. The workshop approached childhood experiences, violence, and trauma from a broad range of perspectives and participants heard from survivors of trauma, researchers, and practitioners. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

https://ift.tt/2KrOCtj

Aldolase: a new crustacea allergen

Crustacean allergy is one of the most frequent causes of food allergic reactions, not just by ingestion, but also by inhalation1. Tropomyosin is considered the major allergen and it would be responsible of most crustacean-allergic reactions. We present a near fatal case of anaphylaxis due to allergy to Crustacea with exclusive sensitization to an infrequent shellfish allergen: Aldolase.

https://ift.tt/2I6ok1d

A 5-year follow-up study of 633 cutaneous SCC excisions: rates of local recurrence and lymph node metastasis

A 5-year follow-up study of 633 cutaneous squamous cell cancer (SCC) excisions was performed collecting data on rates of local recurrence and nodal metastasis.

https://ift.tt/2KuIbpe

Effects of the chloro-s-triazine herbicide terbuthylazine on DNA integrity in human and mouse cells

Abstract

Terbuthylazine belongs to the chloro-s-triazine group of herbicides and acts primarily as a photosynthesis inhibitor. The mechanisms of action related to its exposure, relevant both in animals and humans, are still insufficiently investigated. This comprehensive study focused on the outcomes of terbuthylazine exposure at cell level in vitro, and a mice model in vivo. Experiments in vitro were conducted on whole human peripheral blood, isolated lymphocytes, and HepG2 cells exposed for 4 h to terbuthylazine at 8.00, 0.80, and 0.58 ng/mL, which is comparable with current reference values set by the European Commission in 2011. Terbuthylazine cytotoxicity was evaluated using dual fluorescent staining with ethidium bromide and acridine orange on lymphocytes, and CCK-8 colorimetric assay on HepG2 cells. The levels of DNA damage were measured using alkaline and hOGG1-modified comet assays. The potency of terbuthlyazine regarding induction of oxidative stress in vitro was studied using a battery of standard oxidative stress biomarkers. The in vivo experiment was conducted on Swiss albino mice exposed to terbuthlyazine in the form of an active substance and its formulated commercial product Radazin TZ-50 at a daily dose of 0.0035 mg/kg bw for 14 days. Following exposure, the DNA damage levels in leukocytes, bone marrow, liver, and kidney cells of the treated mice were measured using an alkaline comet assay. In vitro results suggested low terbuthylazine cytotoxicity in non-target cells. The highest tested concentration (8.00 ng/mL) reduced lymphocyte viability by 15%, mostly due to apoptosis, while cytotoxic effects in HepG2 cells at the same concentration were negligible. Acute in vitro exposure of human lymphocytes and HepG2 cells to terbuthylazine resulted in low-level DNA instability, as detected by the alkaline comet assay. Further characterization of the mechanisms behind the DNA damage obtained using the hOGG1-modified comet assay indicated that oxidative DNA damage did not prevail in the overall damage. This was further confirmed by the measured levels of oxidative stress markers, which were mostly comparable to control. Results obtained in mice indicate that both the active substance and formulated commercial product of terbuthylazine produced DNA instability in all of the studied cell types. We found that DNA in liver and kidney cells was more prone to direct toxic effects of the parent compound and its metabolites than DNA in leukocytes and bone marrow cells. The overall findings suggest the formation of reactive terbuthylazine metabolites capable of inducing DNA cross-links, which hinder DNA migration. These effects were most pronounced in liver cells in vivo and HepG2 cells in vitro. To provide a more accurate explanation of the observed effects, additional research is needed. Nevertheless, the present study provides evidence that terbuthylazine at concentrations comparable with current reference values possesses toxicological risk because it caused low-level DNA instability, both at cellular and animal organism level, which should be further established in forthcoming studies.

https://ift.tt/2FDvKDR

An unusual cause of thunderclap headache after eating the hottest pepper in the world - "The Carolina Reaper"

Satish Kumar Boddhula<br />Apr 9, 2018; 2018:bcr-2017-224085-bcr-2017-224085<br />Images in...

https://ift.tt/2HO7rcA

Mo1527 - Increased use of Opioids Among Achalasia type 3 and Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction (EGJOO) Patients: A Review of 262 Achalasia Patients from a Highvolume Tertiary Referral Center

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Gastroenterology, Volume 154, Issue 6, Supplement 1
Author(s): John W. Jacobs, Wojciech C. Blonski, Ambuj Kumar, Joel E. Richter




https://ift.tt/2jonIpR

Mo1528 - Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction Clinical and Immunological Characterization of a New Entity

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Gastroenterology, Volume 154, Issue 6, Supplement 1
Author(s): Fernanda Romero-Hernández, Janette Furuzawa-Carballeda, Enrique Coss-Adame, Miguel A. Valdovinos, Angélica Rodríguez-Garcés, Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Raul Chávez-Fernández, Fidel López-Verdugo, Gonzalo Torres-Villalobos




https://ift.tt/2FC5fyF

Sa1077 - Biochemical and Clinical Penetrance of Hereditary Haemochromatosis in C282Y Homozygotes

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Gastroenterology, Volume 154, Issue 6, Supplement 1
Author(s): Dennis R. Lim, Mark Borgaonkar




https://ift.tt/2jonHlN

Qualified immunity: Pure heart and empty head

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Laurance Jerrold




https://ift.tt/2JJyNwT

Editorial Board

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5





https://ift.tt/2I8Px3f

Comparison of digital intraoral scanners and alginate impressions: Time and patient satisfaction

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Jennifer A. Burzynski, Allen R. Firestone, F. Michael Beck, Henry W. Fields, Toru Deguchi
IntroductionRecent technological advances have made intraoral scans and digital models a possibility and a promising alternative to conventional alginate impressions. Several factors should be examined when considering an intraoral scanner, including patient acceptance and efficiency. The objectives of this study were to assess and compare patient satisfaction and time required between 2 intraoral scanners and conventional alginate impressions.MethodsAn initial pilot study was completed to create a valid and reliable survey instrument that would measure 3 areas of patient satisfaction with the impression experience. A visual analog scale survey was developed and administered to 180 orthodontic patients receiving 1 of 3 types of impressions: (1) iTero Element intraoral scan (Align Technologies, San Jose, Calif), n = 60; (2) TRIOS Color intraoral scan (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), n = 60; and (3) conventional alginate impression (imprEssix Color Change; Dentsply Sirona, York, Pa), n = 60, and the time required to obtain the impressions was recorded.ResultsReliability was evaluated with intraclass correlation coefficient values for 17 paired questionnaires, and all questions were found to be reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient, ≥0.65). For the main study, 180 subjects completed timed impressions and surveys. Data indicated that subjects receiving intraoral scans preferred the digital impressions, and subjects receiving alginate impressions were neutral regarding impression preference, and that efficiency varied based on the impression method.ConclusionsIntraoral scanners are accepted by orthodontic patients, and they have comparable efficiency with conventional impression methods depending on the type of scanner.



https://ift.tt/2JPCe5h

Information for readers

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5





https://ift.tt/2rg79AH

Table of Contents

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4





https://ift.tt/2JNBqhg

Principles of ethical practice

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Edward "Chopper" Snyder




https://ift.tt/2I87RtE

Epidemiologic study of orthodontic retention procedures

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Jens A.D. Padmos, Piotr S. Fudalej, Anne Marie Renkema
IntroductionThe aims of this study were to survey current retention procedures applied by Dutch orthodontists and to examine their acquaintance with "unintentionally active retainers."MethodsA questionnaire was sent to all 306 Dutch orthodontists involved in patient treatment. Questions were clustered in 4 parts: (1) general information, (2) retention procedures, (3) characteristics of wire materials for bonded retainers, and (4) acquaintance with "unintentionally active retainers."ResultsThe response rate was 98%. The most applied retention modality in the maxillary arch was a combination of a removable and a bonded retainer (54%); in the mandibular arch, mainly a bonded retainer without a removable retainer was used (83%). Bonded retention was aimed to be lifelong for the maxillary arch (90%) and the mandibular arch (92%). Mean removable retention duration was 2 years. Vacuum-formed retainers were used more frequently and Hawley-type retainers less frequently. The wire materials used for bonded retainers were diverse. All orthodontists were familiar with unintentionally active retainers; 44% believed this phenomenon is caused by the properties of round multistrand wires. The opinion that unwanted changes in tooth position can arise due to the properties of round multistrand wire material was associated with changing the wire material (P <0.005).ConclusionsLifelong retention with bonded retainers continues to increase. All orthodontists were acquainted with unintentionally active retainers and their impact. There is a need to identify all causative factors of inadvertent tooth movement in relation to bonded retainers and to prevent the onset of unintentionally active retainers.



https://ift.tt/2JJyGkX

Prevalence of gingival recession after orthodontic tooth movements

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Samuel A. Finkleman, Burcu Bayirli




https://ift.tt/2I87NtU

Contemporary Class II Division 2 nonextraction adult treatment

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Roberto Hernández-Orsini, Juan Silva-Coll
Achieving ideal results when treating a difficult malocclusion is a challenge that orthodontists frequently encounter. Maintaining those results is sometimes more challenging than the correction itself. As specialists in orthodontics, we should be able to apply bone physiology concepts during the diagnosis and treatment planning process and predict how bone will react after biomechanical stimuli. Understanding bone physiology and the biology of tissue response during orthodontic tooth movement should allow us to develop the proper mechanical design and consequently the therapeutic procedures necessary to achieve the expected tooth position and bone architecture. Surgically facilitated orthodontic therapy uses basic bone biology and physiologic bone turnover procedures as well as basic orthodontic biomechanical principles to correct dental malocclusions in the shortest, safest, and most conservative manner. The correction of such malocclusions with this approach is expected to be functional and stable.



https://ift.tt/2JNZ11f

Authors' response

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Jason W. Morris, Phillip M. Campbell, Larry P. Tadlock, Jimmy Boley, Peter H. Buschang




https://ift.tt/2re12gs

Table of Contents

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5





https://ift.tt/2JJyBxF

Residents' journal review

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Dan Grauer




https://ift.tt/2rfZCSA

Information for readers

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4





https://ift.tt/2JLcnev

On being human

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Peter M. Greco




https://ift.tt/2rfZCC4

Finite element analysis of slot wall deformation in stainless steel and titanium orthodontic brackets during simulated palatal root torque

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Varadaraju Magesh, Pandurangan Harikrishnan, Devadhas Kingsly Jeba Singh
IntroductionTorque applied on anterior teeth is vital for root positioning and stability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the detailed slot wall deformation in stainless steel (SS) and titanium (Ti) edgewise brackets during palatal root torque using finite element analysis.MethodsA finite element model was developed from a maxillary central incisor SS bracket (0.022 in). The generated torque values from an SS rectangular archwire (0.019 × 0.025 in) while twisting from 5° to 40° were obtained experimentally by a spine tester, and the calculated torque force was applied in the bracket slot. The deformations of the slot walls in both SS and Ti brackets were measured at various locations.ResultsThere were gradual increases in the deformations of both bracket slot walls from the bottom to top locations. In the SS bracket slot for the 40° twist, the deformations were 9.28, 36.8, and 44.8 μm in the bottom, middle, and top slot wall locations, respectively. Similarly, in the Ti bracket slot for the 40° twist, the deformations were 39.2, 62.4, and 76.2 μm in the bottom, middle, and top slot wall locations, respectively. The elastic limits were reached at 28° for SS and at 37° for Ti.ConclusionsBoth SS and Ti bracket slots underwent deformation during torque application. There are variations in the deformations at different locations in the slot walls and between the materials.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2JJyu5d

Influence of antibiotic prophylaxis on the stability of orthodontic microimplants: A pilot randomized controlled trial

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Jan Łyczek, Beata Kawala, Joanna Antoszewska-Smith
IntroductionThe aims of this 2-arm parallel pilot randomized controlled trial were to investigate the influence of antibiotic prophylaxis on the stability of orthodontic microimplants and to evaluate the efficacy of systemic inflammatory marker measurements in detecting infections in tissues surrounding microscrews.MethodsOrthodontic patients requiring en-masse distalization in the maxilla received antibiotics or a placebo before microimplant placement. Eligibility criteria included 13 years of age, and good general and oral health. Exclusion criteria comprised allergy to antibiotics, severe systemic allergy, heart and kidney diseases, and recent antibiotic treatment. Stability of the microimplants was the primary outcome; inflammation of the tissues surrounding the microscrews, pain related to the microimplantation, and serum levels of inflammatory markers were the secondary outcomes. Randomization in a 1:1 ratio was performed by auxilliary staff via a flip of a coin between 2 participants of the same sex and developmental stage, and the "winner" was allocated to the intervention group. Pharmaceutically prepared identical capsules with either amoxicillin (intervention) or glucose (control) given 1 hour before microimplant placement according to the allocation provided blinding of the participants. Subsequently, 1 clinician unaware of the allocation inserted the microimplants and assessed the outcomes, which simultaneously blinded the operator-assessor. Blood samples for laboratory analysis of inflammatory markers were collected a day before and 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively.ResultsOut of 80 participants initially assessed for eligibility, 41 received the randomized allocation. Three patients were lost to follow-up. Eventually, data of 18 and 20 participants (mean age, 20.4 ± 5.9 years) were available for analysis in the intervention and control groups, in which 1 and 2 patients lost a microimplant, respectively, resulting in odds ratio of 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0084-11.23; P = 1.0). The odds ratio for inflammation development was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.34-4.38), and the odds ratio for feeling milder pain was 1.174 (95% CI, 0.350-3.941) in the intervention compared with the control group, but the result was not statistically significant (P = 0.758; P = 0.795, respectively). The inflammatory marker levels did not increase due to either microimplantation (procalcitonin, P = 0.445; C-reactive protein, P = 0.4) or peri-implantitis. Antibiotic prophylaxis slightly decreased the levels of the biomarkers in the intervention group; however, the results were not statistically significant (P = 0.68; P = 0.908, respectively). No harms caused by the microimplantation procedure or drug intake were noted.ConclusionsAntibiotics provided no benefit in terms of microimplant stability, inflammation of soft tissues, or postoperative pain in our pilot sample. Measurements of serum levels of inflammatory markers were inefficient in detecting soft tissue inflammations. These initial results should be interpreted with caution until validated by a large multicenter definitive trial.RegistrationThis trial was not registered.ProtocolThe protocol was not published before trial commencement.FundingThe trial was funded by Wroclaw Medical University; grant number pbmn91 and supported by Diagnostyka.



https://ift.tt/2rgOSTP

Incisor malalignment and the risk of periodontal disease progression

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Ahmed A. Alsulaiman, Elizabeth Kaye, Judith Jones, Howard Cabral, Cataldo Leone, Leslie Will, Raul Garcia
IntroductionThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between incisor crowding, irregularity, and periodontal disease progression in the anterior teeth.MethodsData collected over 35 years from men enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study included information concerning pocket depth and alveolar bone loss. Plaster casts of the maxillary (n = 400) and mandibular (n = 408) arches were available for baseline measurements. Periodontal disease in the anterior teeth was defined as per arch sum of pathologic pocket depth and sum of teeth with any alveolar bone loss in the anterior sextants. Incisor malalignment status was defined by the anterior tooth size-arch length discrepancy index and Little's Irregularity Index. Adjusted mixed effects linear models computed the beta (β) estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the amounts of change in periodontal disease outcomes by the level of malalignment.ResultsIn the anterior maxillary arch, crowding and spacing were significantly associated with an increased per-arch sum of pathologic pocket depth (β, 0.70 mm; 95% CI, 0.20-1.21, and β, 0.49 mm; 95% CI, 0.06-0.91, respectively). In the anterior mandibular arch, incisor crowding and irregularity were significantly associated with an increased per-arch sum of pathologic pocket depth (mild crowding: β, 0.47 mm; 95% CI, 0.01-0.93; severe irregularity: β, 0.94 mm; 95% CI, 0.50-1.38), and the sum number of teeth with alveolar bone loss (mild and moderate-to-severe crowding: β, 0.45 teeth; 95% CI, 0.08-0.82; and β, 0.45 teeth; 95% CI, 0.13-0.83, respectively; moderate irregularity: β, 0.34 teeth; 95% CI, 0.06-0.62).ConclusionsCertain incisor malalignment traits (ie, maxillary incisor crowding, maxillary incisor spacing, mandibular incisor mild crowding, mandibular incisor moderate-to-severe crowding, mandibular incisor moderate irregularity, and mandibular incisor severe irregularity) are associated with significant periodontal disease progression.



https://ift.tt/2JJysu7

Age-dependent biologic response to orthodontic forces

Publication date: May 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 5
Author(s): Mani Alikhani, Michelle Y. Chou, Edmund Khoo, Sarah Alansari, Rachel Kwal, Tali Elfersi, Abdullah Almansour, Chinapa Sangsuwon, Mohammed Al Jearah, Jeanne M. Nervina, Cristina C. Teixeira
IntroductionOrthodontic tooth movement results from increased inflammation and osteoclast activation. Since patients of all ages now routinely seek orthodontics treatment, we investigated whether age-dependent biologic responses to orthodontic force correlate with the rate of tooth movement.MethodsWe studied 18 healthy subjects, adolescents (11-14 years) and adults (21-45 years), with Class II Division 1 malocclusion requiring 4 first premolar extractions. Canines were retracted with a constant force of 50 cN. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected before orthodontic treatment and at days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after the canine retraction. Cytokine (IL-1β, CCL2, TNF-α) and osteoclast markers (RANKL and MMP-9) were measured using antibody-based protein assays. Pain and discomfort were monitored with a numeric rating scale. The canine retraction rate was measured from study models taken at days 28 and 56.ResultsAlthough the cytokine and osteoclast markers increased significantly in both age groups at days 1, 7, and 14, the increases were greater in adults than in adolescents. Interestingly, the rate of tooth movement in adults was significantly slower than in adolescents over the 56-day study period. Adults also reported significantly more discomfort and pain.ConclusionsAge is a significant variable contributing to the biologic response to orthodontic tooth movement. Adults exhibited a significantly higher level of cytokine and osteoclasts activity but, counterintuitively, had a significantly slower rate of tooth movement.



https://ift.tt/2rfXwCe

Orthodontic treatment in patients with aggressive periodontitis

Publication date: April 2018
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 153, Issue 4
Author(s): Cássio Volponi Carvalho, Luciana Saraiva, Flávio Paim Falcão Bauer, Rui Yoshio Kimura, Maria Luisa Silveira Souto, Carlos Cheque Bernardo, Cláudio Mendes Pannuti, Giuseppe Alexandre Romito, Francisco Emílio Pustiglioni
IntroductionAggressive periodontitis (AP) is a condition that promotes breakdown of the periodontal tissues in a short time. In severe cases, pathologic migration of teeth and tooth loss can occur, producing esthetic and functional problems for the patient. Orthodontic treatment may be recommended to restore esthetics and masticatory function. We assessed the effects of orthodontic movement in the periodontal tissues of treated patients with AP.MethodsTen subjects (ages 25.0 ± 5.22 years) with AP received periodontal treatment followed by orthodontic treatment. Maintenance sessions were performed monthly under a strict dental biofilm control. They were compared with 10 periodontally healthy subjects (ages 22.9 ± 5.23 years) who received orthodontic treatment. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and dental plaque index were measured at baseline, after orthodontic treatment, and after 4 months.ResultsStatistical analysis showed improvement in all clinical parameters between baseline and 4 months after orthodontic treatment: probing pocket depth (0.29 mm), clinical attachment level (0.38 mm), bleeding on probing (4.0%), and dental plaque index (11%).ConclusionsThe periodontal parameters of the AP patients remained stable during orthodontic treatment under strict biofilm control.



https://ift.tt/2JPmleP

A review on the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends

Abstract

Biodiesels have gained much popularity because they are cleaner alternative fuels and they can be used directly in diesel engines without modifications. In this paper, a brief review of the key studies pertaining to the engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with biodiesel blends, exhaust aftertreatment systems, and low-temperature combustion technology is presented. In general, most biodiesel blends result in a significant decrease in carbon monoxide and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions. There is also a decrease in carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions while the engine performance increases for diesel engines fueled with biodiesels blended with nano-additives. The development of automotive technologies, such as exhaust gas recirculation systems and low-temperature combustion technology, also improves the thermal efficiency of diesel engines and reduces nitrogen oxide and particulate matter emissions.

https://ift.tt/2riQ88b

Co-existing colloidal phases in artificial intestinal fluids assessed by AF4/MALLS and DLS: A systematic study into cholate & (lyso-) phospholipid blends, incorporating celecoxib as a model drug

Publication date: 30 July 2018
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 120
Author(s): Philipp A. Elvang, Ann-Christin Jacobsen, Annette Bauer-Brandl, Paul C. Stein, Martin Brandl
Colloidal phases (self-assemblies) in aqueous dispersions of selected binary bile salt/phospholipid blends were studied utilizing the combined analytical approach of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) and multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) in order to resolve the co-existence of different colloidal assemblies. The binary blends were prepared by freeze-drying from tert-butanol/water co-solvent solutions. The blends contained one of two bile salts (sodium taurocholate (TC) or sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDX)) and a mono- or di-acyl phospholipid (lyso-phosphatidylcholine (L-PC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), respectively). Bile salt and phospholipid (PL) concentrations and their respective ratios were varied systematically within the physiological range found in human intestinal fluids. Furthermore, the BCS class II drug Celecoxib was incorporated in selected blends to assess its potential impact on colloidal phases. To further investigate the smallest self-assemblies observed in AF4/MALLS analysis, dispersions of TC and GDX, respectively, were prepared and analyzed by dynamic light scattering (DLS).AF4/MALLS analysis revealed that binary bile-salt/phospholipid blends form three distinct particle fractions, when the concentration of bile-salt was sufficiently high (≥3.5 mM). Those fractions were assumed to be very small pure bile-salt dimeric/oligomeric self-assemblies (Ø ≈ 2–3 nm), mid-sized mixed micelles (Ø ≈ 10–50 nm) and large liposomes/aggregates (Ø ≈ 150–280 nm). If present, Celecoxib was found solubilized within the structures, but at the lowest TC concentration triggered the formation of an additional (vesicular) phase.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2JKpZH4

An animal's sex influences the effects of the excipient PEG 400 on the intestinal P-gp protein and mRNA levels, which has implications for oral drug absorption

Publication date: 30 July 2018
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 120
Author(s): Yang Mai, Liu Dou, Sudaxshina Murdan, Abdul W. Basit
There is a growing body of evidence which suggests that formerly regarded "inert" pharmaceutical excipients have the potential to influence oral drug bioavailability. The solubilizing agent polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), for instance, has a sex-specific effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug bioavailability. We hypothesized that such an effect could be via PEG-induced alteration of P-gp activity and/or expression to different extents in males and females. To test this hypothesis in vivo, we investigated the influence of orally administered PEG 400 on the protein content and mRNA expression of P-gp in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract in male and female rats. Fasted rats received an oral dose of PEG 400 and at different time intervals, rats were sacrificed and their intestines were collected. The P-gp protein and mRNA expression in different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were measured by Western blotting and PCR, respectively. It was found that P-gp protein and mRNA levels increased along the gastrointestinal tract in control animals (i.e. without PEG administration), and was higher in males compared to the female rats. The oral administration of PEG 400 decreased the P-gp expression in the jejunum, ileum and colon of males but not in the corresponding segments in females. This sex-dependent influence of PEG 400 on P-gp levels reflects and explains the sex-related effect of PEG 400 on oral absorption of certain drugs. The data further adds to the growing literature on the importance of taking into consideration an individual's sex for optimal drug administration.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2rfhXir

A 3D printed bilayer oral solid dosage form combining metformin for prolonged and glimepiride for immediate drug delivery

Publication date: 30 July 2018
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 120
Author(s): Christos I. Gioumouxouzis, Apostolos Baklavaridis, Orestis L. Katsamenis, Catherine K. Markopoulou, Nikolaos Bouropoulos, Dimitrios Tzetzis, Dimitrios G. Fatouros
Fused Deposition Modelling (a.k.a. FDM-3D printing) has been previously employed in the development of personalized medicines with unique properties and release behavior. In the present work, a bilayer dosage form containing two anti-diabetic drugs with different daily dosage regimens; i.e. metformin and glimepiride, was manufactured via FDM 3D printing, studied using a variety of techniques and characterized in vitro. Metformin and glimepiride were embedded in Eudragit® RL sustained release layer and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer respectively. Incorporation of more than one API's into the formulation is desirable, as it increases patient compliance and reduces cost of treatment, especially when distinct dosages of API's can be adjusted individually in situ, in order to meet each patient's specific needs, a capability provided by 3D printing. A number of different preparation methods, which involved different plasticizers and extruders, were tested on manufacturing Eudragit® RL drug-loaded filaments for printing the sustained release layer. The properties of the produced filaments were assessed by means of mechanical and physicochemical characterization techniques and the filaments with the optimum properties were used for printing. Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) imaging-based actual/nominal comparison analysis showed a printing accuracy ranging between −100, +200 μm, while X-ray (XRD) diffractograms revealed the incorporation of the (initially crystalline) API's as amorphous dispersions into polymer matrices. Dissolution tests showed sufficient drug release for both drugs in desired time frames (75 min for glimepiride and 480 min for metformin). The results from the current study emphasize the potentiality of 3D printing technology for tailor-made solid dosage forms for combined pharmacotherapy, even at the cases when API's with different desirable release profiles are employed.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2JNlviK

Quality of life and neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with Graves' Orbitopathy: Current concepts

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Alice Bruscolini, Marta Sacchetti, Maurizio La Cava, Marcella Nebbioso, Angela Iannitelli, Adele Quartini, Alessandro Lambiase, Massimo Ralli, Armando de Virgilio, Antonio Greco
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune chronic thyroiditis frequently associated with development of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) characterized by proptosis, strabismus, impairment of visual function, ocular surface inflammation and dry eye. As consequence, patients with GO experience impairment of quality of life and social function and could develop a neurobehavioral syndrome, ranging from anxious to depressive or psychotic disorders. To date, the pathogenic mechanism underlying neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with GD has not been clearly understood. In fact, the development of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients with GO has been associated with both the detrimental effects of the altered circulating thyroid hormones on the nervous system, and with the psychological discomfort caused by poor quality of life, reduced social interactions and relapsing course of the disease. This paper summarizes current evidence on neuropsychiatric abnormalities in Graves' disease focusing on its impact on QoL and psychosocial function. We remark the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and we emphasize the potential benefit of neuropsychiatric approach on disease perception, patient compliance to medical and/or surgical treatment and clinical outcomes.



https://ift.tt/2JJqRvB

New use for an old treatment: Hydroxychloroquine as a potential treatment for systemic vasculitis

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Alina Casian, Shirish Sangle, David P. D'Cruz
Antimalarials have been an effective and safe treatment for autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus for more than a hundred years. There are surprisingly few reports of hydroxychloroquine use in the systemic vasculitides. Hydroxychloroquine has antithrombotic, cardiovascular, antimicrobial and antineoplastic effects, making it a potentially valuable treatment for patients with systemic vasculitis who are at risk of infections, malignancy and thrombotic events. We report the successful use of hydroxychloroquine in patients with ANCA vasculitis, Henoch Schonlein purpura/IgA vasculitis, Takayasu's arteritis and polyarteritis nodosa. We review the immunomodulatory mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and the existing evidence for its use in the treatment of vasculitis, with a particular focus on ANCA subtypes.



https://ift.tt/2I61Q0q

Animal studies are mandatory to investigate the poorly understood fate and effects of aluminum adjuvants administered to billions of humans and animals worldwide

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Romain K. Gherardi, Guillemette Crépeaux, François-Jerome Authier, Lluis Lujan




https://ift.tt/2rg4Iyf

Differential expression of zinc transporters accompanies the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts

Publication date: September 2018
Source:Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 49
Author(s): Amanda L. Paskavitz, Julia Quintana, Daniella Cangussu, Cristina Tavera-Montañez, Yao Xiao, Sonia Ortiz-Miranda, Juan G. Navea, Teresita Padilla-Benavides
Zinc transporters facilitate metal mobilization and compartmentalization, playing a key role in cellular development. Little is known about the mechanisms and pathways of Zn movement between Zn transporters and metalloproteins during myoblast differentiation. We analyzed the differential expression of ZIP and ZnT transporters during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Zn transporters account for a transient decrease of intracellular Zn upon myogenesis induction followed by a gradual increase of Zn in myotubes. Considering the subcellular localization and function of each of the Zn transporters, our findings indicate that a fine regulation is necessary to maintain correct metal concentrations in the cytosol and subcellular compartments to avoid toxicity, maintain homeostasis, and for loading metalloproteins needed during myogenesis. This study advances our basic understanding of the complex Zn transport network during muscle differentiation.



https://ift.tt/2I7Metj

Seasonal ambient air particulates and metallic elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) pollutants dry depositions fluxes predictions and distributions with appropriate models at a farmland site

Publication date: 15 September 2018
Source:Atmospheric Research, Volume 210
Author(s): Guor-Cheng Fang, Yuan-Jie Zhuang, Wen-Chuan Huang
This study compare dry deposition models to identify the best one for predicting the deposition of ambient metallic elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) at a characteristic farmland sampling site from Aug. 2013 to Jun. 2014.In this study, the collection models of Baklanov and Sorensen, Zhang, and Wood, as well as the vegetation collection model, are used to calculate the dry depositions velocities of 2.5, 10, 20, and 23 μm. These values were used to calculate the seasonal dry deposition fluxes of ambient air particulates and metallic elements.The results thus obtained indicate that the specified collection models are all suitable for predicting the dry depositions of large (10, 20 and 23 μm) ambient air particles and metallic elements (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb). All of the models yielded better predictions of dry depositions velocities for particles of size 20 and 23 μm in winter than in other seasons than particles of other sizes.The Baklanov and Sorensen, Zhang, Wood and vegetation collection models all predict the least dry deposition of ambient air particles of size at 2.5 μm and all metallic elements. Moreover, this study further revealed that the particle size is the key parameter that influence the modelled dry depositions fluxes and resulted in the calculated/measured fluxes variations ratios for ambient air particles and metallic elements. Another influence parameter is the pollutants (particles, metallic elements) concentrations. When the particle size is fixed, the higher of the pollutants concentrations, the higher the calculated/measured fluxes ratios can be obtained at this farmland sampling site.



https://ift.tt/2JMe1fX

Fabrication and characterization of metal organic frameworks/ polyvinyl alcohol cryogel and their application in extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples

Publication date: 31 August 2018
Source:Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 1022
Author(s): Yudan Wang, Yang Zhang, Jianan Cui, Shuo Li, Ming Yuan, Ting Wang, Qi Hu, Xiaohong Hou
A series of novel MOFs/PVA composite cryogel (MIL-101(Cr)/PVA, MIL-100(Fe)/PVA, ZIF-8(Zn)/PVA, MOF-199(Cu)/PVA and MIL-53(Al)/PVA) were fabricated by using a facile and green freeze-thaw approach for the first time. MIL-101(Cr)/PVA cryogel was selected as a VA-SPE sorbent for extraction of four NSAIDs in environmental water samples. The procedures of condition investigation (synthesis and extraction optimization) and characterization were also performed. And a satisfactory result of methodology validation was obtained by making use of HPLC-MS/MS. Under the optimum conditions, good sensitivity levels were achieved with the limits of detection between 0.007 and 0.037 μg L⁻¹, a linearity of 0.10–10 μg L⁻¹ for phenylbutazone, indomethacin, nimesulide and 0.020–2.0 μg L⁻¹ for benorilate (r² ≥ 0.9934). The relative recoveries of the target analytes were in the range from 78.44% to 105.7% with relative standard deviation (RSD) from 1.33% to 9.85%. In the extraction process, MIL-101(Cr)/PVA cryogel as a whole sheet outperformed the pristine dispersive MIL-101(Cr) in separation from solvent, and the application of cryogel also simplified the operation procedure. Additionally, the combination of PVA with MOFs might strengthen the interaction ability between the sorbent and analytes. This novel pretreatment method had a variety of merits, such as easy operation, high enrichment efficiency and low matrix effect. It looks forward to further optimization or functionalization and application of these MOFs/PVA cryogel in various disciplines.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2rir4iv

Sequential extraction of nickel and zinc in sewage sludge- or biochar/sewage sludge-amended soil

Publication date: 15 September 2018
Source:Science of The Total Environment, Volume 636
Author(s): Aleksandra Bogusz, Patryk Oleszczuk
Fractionation of nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in sewage sludge-amended soil and in sewage sludge/biochar-amended soil was investigated. The results were compared with ecotoxicological tests in order to determine the contribution of metals to the toxicity of amended soils. The study was conducted as a long-term field experiment. Sewage sludge (SL) or sewage sludge with a 2.5, 5 or 10% addition of biochar (BC) was added to the soil. Samples for analysis were taken immediately after experiment establishment as well as after 12 and 18 months from the beginning of the study. The fractionation analysis of Ni and Zn was performed using the BCR (Community Bureau of Reference) three-step sequential extraction procedure. The following forms were determined: mobile (F1); bound to FeMn oxides (F2); bound to organic matter (F3) and residual (F4). The soil, SL and BC differed in the contribution of individual forms of the metals. The application of SL into the soil resulted in an increased soil content of mobile forms of Ni and Zn by 180 and 103%, respectively. The mobility index (MI) significantly increased, which evidences the risk related to the presence of these metals. Biochar in the sewage sludge significantly reduced the content of Ni and Zn in F1 fraction. The study also demonstrated that biochar amendment promotes the transition over time of available forms of Ni and Zn into their residual forms (F4), which leads to a further reduction in the environmental risk related to their presence in the environment. The conducted statistical analysis revealed only intermittent relationships between the individual forms of the metals and soil physicochemical properties and toxicity, which may indicate more complex mechanisms that occur in the experimental systems investigated. Therefore, the use of SL in combination with BC can be an effective method for reducing the environmental risk related to the presence of metals in SL.

Graphical abstract

https://ift.tt/2JJvG8g