Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 11/18/17

Σάββατο 18 Νοεμβρίου 2017

Degradation of the earthy and musty odorant 2,4,6-tricholoroanisole by persulfate activated with iron of different valences

Abstract

2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA) is an odorous compound that is often detected in tap water and is difficult to be removed via water treatment. In this study, the transformation efficiency of TCA in the presence of persulfate (PS) activated by iron (Fe²⁺, Fe⁰, and Fe³⁺) was investigated for the first time. The effects of the activator dosage, oxidant dosage, pH, dosing method, chelating agents, humic acid, and temperature were evaluated. The degradation rate of TCA increased with increasing PS dosages (0.12–0.48 mM) and initial Fe²⁺ concentrations (0.12–0.96 mM), while it decreased with higher Fe²⁺ concentrations. Fe²⁺/PS and Fe⁰/PS systems achieved their best TCA removal efficiency at pH 7 and 2.5, respectively. According to the results of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), the contribution of SO₄⁻• to TCA degradation was much higher than that of •OH. Gradual addition of Fe²⁺ improved TCA degradation compared to single addition. Citric acid (CA) promoted TCA degradation under Fe²⁺/PS at the beginning of the reaction, but inhibited it after 10 min. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) improved the TCA removal rate with an EDTA/Fe²⁺ molar ratio of 0.5:1, while it decreased it at higher EDTA/Fe²⁺ molar ratios. Oxalic acid (OA) negatively affected TCA degradation with increasing OA/Fe²⁺ molar ratios. Among all of the chelating agents, only CA increased TCA degradation by Fe⁰/PS. Humic acid promoted TCA degradation by Fe²⁺/PS at the proper dosage (1 mg/L). Under our specific conditions and over the temperature ranging from 10 to 25 °C, no change was observed in the reaction kinetics. It was found that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was the only detected oxidation product. The presence of an Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ redox cycle in iron-activated PS systems was confirmed by TCA degradation under the Fe³⁺/PS system.

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A novel process for CO 2 capture by using sodium metaborate. Part I: effects of calcination

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the carbonation of sodium metaborate (NaBO₂) and the synthesis of high added value chemicals via NaBO₂ and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a greenhouse gas and NaBO₂ is a by-product of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) hydrolysis reaction to produce H₂. Therefore their transformation into commercial chemicals is quite important in order to provide a mutual benefit to global warming issue and hydrogen economy. In the presented study, reaction parameters such as hydration factor, furnace type, calcination temperature, and environment are investigated at different levels and optimized. The effects of those key parameters on CO₂ fixation yield are discussed. It is found that 400 °C is a key temperature for dehydration and reaction steps. Both dehydrated NaBO₂ is obtained and maximum carbonation conversion is reached at 400 °C. Moreover, at relatively low temperatures (below 400 °C), a new reaction pathway is proposed and proved by thermodynamic calculations. Structural properties of NaBO₂ are exhibited differences regard to thermal exposure and the conversion is strictly related to the structural properties.

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Silica nanoparticle exposure inducing granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia in female Balb/c mice

Abstract

Given that the effects of ultrafine fractions (< 0.1 μm) on reproductive diseases are gaining attention, this study aimed to explore the influence of silica nanoparticle (SiNP)-induced female reproductive dysfunction. In this study, 80 female mice were randomly divided into four groups including a control group and three concentrations of SiNP groups (7, 21, 35 mg/kg). Mice were exposed to the vehicle control and silica nanoparticles by tracheal perfusion every 3 days a total of five times in 15 days. Then, half of the mice in each group were sacrificed on 15 and 30 days after the first dose, respectively. Our findings indicated that SiNPs can result in ovarian damage, cause an imbalance of sex hormones, increase the number of atretic and primary follicles, and induce oxidative stress and DNA strand breaks in ovary by day 15. The protein expressions of ATM, CHK-2, P53, E2F1, P73, BAX, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3 were significantly increased, while expressions of RAD51 were down-regulated after SiNP exposure by days 15. Estradiol increased, while progesterone increased in low dose and decreased in high dose after SiNP exposure by 15 days. However, these changes were recovered by 30 days. The results suggest that SiNPs can cause reversible damage to follicles in mice. SiNPs could primarily cause DNA damage and DNA damage response through oxidative stress, while DNA damage repair failure because of severe DNA damage activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and therefore resulted in apoptosis of granulosa cell. In addition, the disorder of reproductive endocrine function caused by SiNPs could be another reason for SiNP-induced reproductive dysfunction in mice. These events in turn induce the follicles to undergo atresia.

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Copyright

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1

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CME Accreditation Page

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1

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Forthcoming Issues

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1

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Contributors

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1

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Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1

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Imaging of Brain Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Eliana Bonfante, Roy Riascos

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Imaging of Brain Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Suresh K. Mukherji

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Imaging of Cerebral Concussion and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Eliana Bonfante, Roy Riascos

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Definition of Traumatic Brain Injury, Neurosurgery, Trauma Orthopedics, Neuroimaging, Psychology, and Psychiatry in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Mubashir Pervez, Ryan S. Kitagawa, Tiffany R. Chang

Teaser

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts the normal function of the brain. This condition can adversely affect a person's quality of life with cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and physical symptoms that limit interpersonal, social, and occupational functioning. Although many systems exist, the simplest classification includes mild, moderate, and severe TBI depending on the nature of injury and the impact on the patient's clinical status. Patients with TBI require prompt evaluation and multidisciplinary management. Aside from the type and severity of the TBI, recovery is influenced by individual patient characteristics, social and environmental factors, and access to medical and rehabilitation services.

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Conventional Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance in Brain Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Juan Nicolas Useche, Sonia Bermudez

Teaser

Conventional neuroimaging is still the mainstay in the assessment of the acute, follow-up, and chronic settings of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Computed tomography (CT) is preferred for the initial assessment of acute mTBI, repeat evaluation in acute mTBI with neurologic deterioration, and cautious use in children with mTBI. Clinical rules have been developed to identify pediatric and adult patients with mTBI who can safely forego CT. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is mostly used in patients with acute mTBI when initial or follow-up CT is normal and there are persistent neurologic findings and in subacute or chronic mTBI.

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Multimodal Advanced Imaging for Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Khader M. Hasan, Zafer Keser, Paul E. Schulz, Elisabeth A. Wilde

Teaser

In the United States alone, 1.6 to 3.8 million people have sports-related concussions yearly. The patho-mechanisms of concussions may not be directly measured by conventional neuroimaging; advanced models may be needed to address the shortcomings of the current clinical protocols. Multimodal advanced imaging may provide more accurate diagnosis and predict the clinical course of concussion, assessing the efficacy of existing and emerging multifaceted therapies. In this article, the authors present an overview and pictorial display of conventional and advanced multimodal MR imaging methods that have been applied to identify the brain structures affected in traumatic brain injuries.

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Imaging of Concussion in Young Athletes

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Jeffrey P. Guenette, Martha E. Shenton, Inga K. Koerte

Teaser

Conventional neuroimaging examinations are typically normal in concussed young athletes. A current focus of research is the characterization of subtle abnormalities after concussion using advanced neuroimaging techniques. These techniques have the potential to identify biomarkers of concussion. In the future, such biomarkers will likely provide important clinical information regarding the appropriate time interval before return to play, as well as the risk for prolonged postconcussive symptoms and long-term cognitive impairment. This article discusses results from advanced imaging techniques and emphasizes imaging modalities that will likely become available in the near future for the clinical evaluation of concussed young athletes.

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Perfusion Imaging in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): David B. Douglas, Ruchir Chaudhari, Jason M. Zhao, James Gullo, Jared Kirkland, Pamela K. Douglas, Ely Wolin, James Walroth, Max Wintermark

Teaser

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant problem worldwide and neuroimaging plays a critical role in diagnosis and management. Recently, perfusion neuroimaging techniques have been explored in TBI to determine and characterize potential perfusion neuroimaging biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In this article, computed tomography (CT) bolus perfusion, MR imaging bolus perfusion, MR imaging arterial spin labeling perfusion, and xenon CT are reviewed with a focus on their applications in acute TBI. Future research directions are also discussed.

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PET and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Brain Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Cyrus A. Raji, Theodore A. Henderson

Teaser

This article offers an overview of the application of PET and single photon emission computed tomography brain imaging to concussion, a type of mild traumatic brain injury and traumatic brain injury, in general. The article reviews the application of these neuronuclear imaging modalities in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Additionally, this article frames the current literature with an overview of the basic physics and radiation exposure risks of each modality.

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Imaging the Role of Myelin in Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Alexander Mark Weber, Carlos Torres, Alexander Rauscher

Teaser

Myelin water imaging (MWI) provides mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) researchers with a specific myelin biomarker and helps to further elucidate microstructural and microarchitectural changes of white matter after mTBI. Improvement of scanner hardware and software with the implementation of MWI across scanner platforms will likely result in increased research regarding the role of myelin in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Future research should include detailed investigation of myelin between 2 weeks and 2 months after injury, the use of MWI in moderate and severe TBI, and investigation of the role of myelin in chronic TBI.

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Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Ivan I. Kirov, Christopher T. Whitlow, Carlos Zamora

Teaser

Although susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) studies have suggested an increased number of microhemorrhages in concussion, most show no significant differences compared with controls. There have been mixed results on using SWI to predict neurologic outcomes. Drawbacks include inability to time microhemorrhages and difficulty in attributing them to the concussion. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in concussion can identify metabolic abnormalities, with many studies showing correlations with clinical outcome. Applications in individual patients are impeded by conflicting data and lack of consensus on an optimal protocol. Therefore, currently MRS has most utility in group-level comparisons designed to reveal the pathophysiology of concussion.

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Functional MR Imaging: Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent and Resting State Techniques in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Scott Rosenthal, Matthew Gray, Hudaisa Fatima, Haris I. Sair, Christopher T. Whitlow

Teaser

This article discusses mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)-associated effects on brain functional connectivity assessed via resting-state functional MR (fMR) imaging. Several studies have reported acute post-injury default mode network hyperconnectivity, followed by a period of decreased connectivity before later connectivity normalization in some patients. Other studies have reported mTBI associated effects on connectivity that remain evident for up to 5-years or more. Discordance in the published literature regarding the direction of network connectivity changes (eg, increased versus decreased connectivity) may reflect differences in timing of data collection post-injury, as well as the need to standardize MR imaging acquisition protocols and processing methods.

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Diffusion MR Imaging in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Maria J. Borja, Sohae Chung, Yvonne W. Lui

Teaser

Remarkable advances have been made in the last decade in the use of diffusion MR imaging to study mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Diffusion imaging shows differences between mTBI patients and healthy control groups in multiple different metrics using a variety of techniques, supporting the notion that there are microstructural injuries in mTBI patients that radiologists have been insensitive to. Future areas of discovery in diffusion MR imaging and mTBI include larger longitudinal studies to better understand the evolution of the injury and unravel the biophysical meaning that the detected changes in diffusion MR imaging represent.

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Imaging of Chronic Concussion

Publication date: February 2018
Source:Neuroimaging Clinics of North America, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Eliana Bonfante, Roy Riascos, Octavio Arevalo

Teaser

Conventional imaging findings in patients with cerebral concussion and chronic traumatic encephalopathy are absent or subtle in the majority of cases. The most common abnormalities include cerebral volume loss, enlargement of the cavum of the septum pellucidum, cerebral microhemorrhages, and white matter signal abnormalities, all of which have poor sensitivity and specificity. Advanced imaging modalities, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), blood oxygen level dependent functional MR Imaging (BOLD fMRI), MR spectroscopy, perfusion imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetoencephalography detect physiologic abnormalities in symptomatic patients and, although currently in the investigation phase, may become useful in the clinical arena.

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Elucidation of functional chemical groups responsible of compost phytotoxicity using solid-state 13 C NMR spectroscopy under different initial C / N ratios

Abstract

More than 1 million tons of fresh organic wastes is produced in the Souss-Massa region in Morocco. Tomato organic residues represent more than 25% of the total organic wastes and are deposited in uncontrolled landfills. Thus, composting can represent a valuable and pertinent solution to this environmental problem. The objectives of this experiment are to identify the potential functional groups responsible for compost phytotoxicity and to determine the optimum initial carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) for maximum recovery of tomato residues. The experiment consisted of the variation of the initial C/N ratios (25, 30, 35, and 40) using mixtures of different raw materials (tomato residues, melon residues, olive mill pomace, and sheep manure). Physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, C/N ratio, and humic acid/fulvic acid ratio) were determined and spectroscopic analyses (UV-vis and NMR-¹³C) were performed during the composting process along with quality parameters (germination and phytotoxicity tests) at the end. The results showed that the compost with the initial C/N ratio of 35 is the most humified with the least phytotoxic effect. The germination and phytotoxicity tests were negatively correlated with the methoxyl/N-alkyl-C ratio and O-alkyl-C. These two functional groups are probably the origin of phytotoxicity expression in compost quality tests. Thus, a simple and precise quality test could be performed to evaluate directly the phytotoxicity and maturity of compost.

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Aims and Scope & Editorial Board

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, Volume 12

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Prevalence of chronic ear disease among HIV+ children in Sub-Saharan Africa

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): David C. Ianacone, Alden F. Smith, Margaretha L. Casselbrant, Robbert J.H. Ensink, Farrel Buchinsky, Abebe Melaku, Glenn Isaacson
ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of chronic ear disease in HIV+, highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)-treated children and compare this to the prevalence in healthy children of similar age living in a similar setting.IntroductionFrom previous clinical work in Ethiopia, we suspected that chronic middle ear disease was common both in the general pediatric population and especially among children with HIV/AIDS. Few studies have examined the prevalence of chronic ear disease in HIV + children, particularly in those treated with HAART.MethodsFull examination of the head and neck was performed by otolaryngologists. This including cleaning of cerumen, otoscopy and microscopic otoscopy when needed. Patient's medical records were reviewed. Presence or absence of tympanic membrane (TM) perforation (unilateral or bilateral), tympanosclerosis, TM atrophy, otorrhea and/or cholesteatoma was documented.Results112 HIV+ and 162 healthy (HIVU) children were included. Prevalence of TM perforations was 17% in the HIV + infected versus 3% in the HIVU (Fisher's-Exact-Test; OR: 7.2, 95% CI 2.5–20, p-value <0.0001). Presence of unilateral TM perforations was 12% in the HIV + population and 2% in the HIVU population (Fisher's-Exact-Test; OR: 6.8, 95% CI 2.0–22, p-value 0.002). The presence of bilateral perforations was 4% in the HIV + population and 1% in the HIVU population (Fisher's-Exact-Test; OR: 6.8, 95% CI 1.1–42, p-value 0.088).In the HIV + cohort, 2% were diagnosed with cholesteatoma compared to 0% in the HIVU population (95% CI HIV+ 0.002–0.06; HIVU 0.0–0.02) and 8% of HIV + subjects had active middle ear discharge, compared to 0% in the HIVU population (95% CI HIV+ 0.04–0.1; HIVU 0.0–0.02). Neither tympanosclerosis nor tympanic membrane atrophy was more frequent in the HIV + population compared to the HIVU population. Persistent or recurrent TM perforation was not more frequent in children with prior tympanoplasty in the HIV + population compared to the HIVU population.ConclusionTM perforations are significantly more common in HAART-treated HIV + children than in healthy, age-matched HIVU population. Otorrhea and cholesteatoma were found only in the HIV + cohort.

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Revisits after pediatric tracheotomy: Airway concerns result in returns

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Sophie Shay, Nina L. Shapiro, Neil Bhattacharyya
ObjectivesChildren undergoing tracheotomy represent a medically vulnerable patient population, and understanding the reasons for revisiting the hospital setting following tracheotomy is critical for improving the quality of care for these patients. This study aims to investigate the incidence and characteristics of revisits following pediatric tracheotomy.MethodsCross-sectional, population-based study using state databases. The State Inpatient Databases and State Emergency Department Databases for California, Florida, Iowa and New York 2010–11 were linked and examined for cases of pediatric tracheotomy (patients < 18.0 years) and corresponding subsequent 30-day post-discharge revisits. Demographic and descriptive data were analyzed determining the revisit rate, revisit diagnoses, procedures, and discharge dispositions.Results2,248 pediatric tracheotomy cases were extracted (60.8% male, mean age 8.3 years). There were 373 inpatient or emergency department revisits (30-day revisit rate, 16.6%), of which 34.3% occurred within 48 h after discharge. Of these, 59.2% were inpatient readmissions. There were ≤10 deaths during these revisits (30-day revisit mortality rate, ≤2.7%). The most common primary revisit diagnoses were "fitting of prosthesis and adjustment of devices" (25.7%, likely representing adjustment/replacement of the tracheotomy tube), respiratory failure (11.0%), intracranial injury (5.4%), pneumonia (4.0%), "other upper respiratory disease" (3.8%), and "complications of surgical procedures or medical care" (3.8%). The most common revisit procedures were endotracheal intubation (11.4%), mechanical ventilation (8.8%), and replacement of tracheostomy tube (≤2.7%). Children discharged to a skilled care facility (47.1%) were more likely than those discharged to home (52.9%) to have a revisit (23.3% versus 12.0%, respectively; p < 0.001).ConclusionsChildren undergoing tracheotomy have a substantial 30-day revisit rate, most notably during the first 48 h after discharge, often involving tracheotomy tube or pulmonary complications. Improvements in discharge planning should target prevention of these complications.

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Targeted next generation sequencing identified a novel mutation in MYO7A causing Usher syndrome type 1 in an Iranian consanguineous pedigree

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Daniz Kooshavar, Masoumeh Razipour, Morteza Movasat, Mohammad Keramatipour
BackgroundUsher syndrome (USH) is characterized by congenital hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) with a later onset. It is an autosomal recessive trait with clinical and genetic heterogeneity which makes the molecular diagnosis much difficult. In this study, we introduce a pedigree with two affected members with USH type 1 and represent a cost and time effective approach for genetic diagnosis of USH as a genetically heterogeneous disorder.MethodsTarget region capture in the genes of interest, followed by next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to determine the causative mutations in one of the probands. Then segregation analysis in the pedigree was conducted using PCR-Sanger sequencing.ResultsTargeted NGS detected a novel homozygous nonsense variant c.4513G > T (p.Glu1505Ter) in MYO7A. The variant is segregating in the pedigree with an autosomal recessive pattern.ConclusionIn this study, a novel stop gained variant c.4513G > T (p.Glu1505Ter) in MYO7A was found in an Iranian pedigree with two affected members with USH type 1. Bioinformatic as well as pedigree segregation analyses were in line with pathogenic nature of this variant. Targeted NGS panel was showed to be an efficient method for mutation detection in hereditary disorders with locus heterogeneity.

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Branchial anomalies in children: A report of 105 surgical cases

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Wanpeng Li, Hongming Xu, Liming Zhao, Xiaoyan Li
BackgroundBranchial anomalies (BAs) account for 20% of all congenital masses in children. We sought to review the incidence of involvement of individual anomalies, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, and complications of BAs in children. In addition, we also classified our study and analyzed a congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula near the sternoclavicular joint that was thought to be the skin-side remnant of the fourth BAs.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 105 children who were referred to our hospital from June 2009 to December 2016 for the treatment of BAs.ResultsIn this series, there were 51 males and 54 females. The age at the time of operation varied from 19 days to 13 years, and the mean age was 4.5 years. A total of 33 (31.4%) cases presented with first BAs, 13 (12.4%) presented with second BAs, and 59 (56.2%) presented with third and fourth BAs, including 6 cases of congenital lower neck cutaneous fistula. Fistulectomy under general anesthesia was performed on all of them. For postoperative complications, 2 cases had temporary facial paralysis, 1 case had permanent facial paralysis, 4 cases had temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Recurrence occurred in 2 patients with first BAs after medium follow-up time of 3.6 years (6 months–8 years).ConclusionsBAs are common congenital head and neck lesions in children, and there are four distinct types (first, second, third and fourth anomalies). The incidence of third and fourth BAs in Asia maybe higher when compared with literature reports, second BAs seem rare in this population, but more research is needed to confirm this perspective. Diagnosis is not difficult with a proper knowledge of the anatomy of the BAs. The surgical procedures should be tailored depending on the various types, and complete excision of the fistula is the key to prevent recurrence.

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Coblation versus microdebrider in pediatric adenoidectomy

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Chris Mularczyk, David L. Walner, Katherine K. Hamming
ObjectiveTo compare and contrast coblation and microdebrider with touch-up electrocautery (ME) for adenoidectomy in children.MethodsPatients <18 years old undergoing adenoidectomy without tonsillectomy were selected for this prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Participants were enrolled into one of two groups based on birth date: coblation or ME. The surgeons completed a standard survey about intraoperative factors for each method. Recovery nurses filled out a standardized survey postoperatively. A third standardized survey was completed via a phone interview with the parent or patient caregiver on postoperative day 3 to assess procedure outcomes. The survey results were then compared using ANOVA statistical analysis.Results50 patients were enrolled in the coblation group and 51 were enrolled in the ME group. There was no significant difference in mean age between the coblation (4.96 years) and ME groups (4.58 years) (p = 0.525). The mean time (in minutes) for coblation (5.50) was significantly lower than ME (9.47) when controlling for the confounder: surgical site exposure (p < 0.001). The surgical time was significantly influenced by the quality of exposure/visualization (p = 0.037). The coblator method had significantly less intraoperative blood loss compared to ME (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between coblation (1.53) and ME (2.05) for days of pain (p = 0.045) when controlling for the confounder adenoid size.ConclusionIn our study we found that coblation demonstrated significantly less intraoperative time and less blood loss, as well as a shorter duration of postoperative pain, when compared to ME for adenoidectomy.

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Congenital respiratory tract disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Emmy Verheij, Lucienne Speleman, Aebele B. Mink van der Molen, Henricus G.X.M. Thomeer
ObjectiveRespiratory tract disorders have been reported in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, however infrequently. This study describes the respiratory tract disorders encountered in a cohort of 278 patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, study at a single tertiary referral center. We identified the patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and with an upper and/or lower respiratory tract disorder at our otorhinolaryngologic department. The different disorders were described.ResultsOut of 278 patients referred to the otorhinolaryngologic department, we identified 14 patients with a laryngeal and/or tracheal disorder. Nine patients had more than one congenital disorder in this anatomical area. Disorders included a choanal stenosis (n = 1), laryngeal web (n = 5), laryngeal cleft (n = 2), subglottic stenosis (n = 3), pharyngo-, laryngo-, tracheo- and/or bronchomalacia (n = 11) and tracheal stenosis (n = 1).ConclusionDifferent types of respiratory tract disorders can be present in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of this clinical association for timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the diagnosis 22q11.2 deletion syndrome should be considered in patients presenting with a congenital respiratory tract disorder.

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Effect of preoperative visiting operation room on emergence agitation in preschool children under sevoflurane anesthesia

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Qiaosheng Zhong, Xianfeng Qu, Chuanhua Xu
BackgroundEmergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in children during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia with an high incidence. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of preoperative visiting operation room (PVOR) to administration of propofol at the end of anesthesia on EA in preschool children under sevoflurane anesthesia.MethodsSixty-nine preschool children aged from 3 to 6 years scheduled for tonsillectomy under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly allocated to one of the three groups to receive either PVOR (Group PV), routine preoperative visit (Group RV) or routine preoperative visit plus propofol (Group RP), 23 patients were included in each group. General anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane. Parental separation status score, mask acceptance score, Aono's four point score and pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) score and incidence of EA were recorded. PAED score >10 were regarded as EA. Recovery profile and adverse events were also recorded.ResultParental separation status score and mask acceptance score in group PV was significantly lower than that in group RV and group RP (P < 0.05); Aono's four point score, PAED score and incidence of EA in group PV and group RP was significantly lower than that in group RV (P < 0.05); Time to extubation and time to interaction in group PV and group RV was significantly shorter than that in group RP (P < 0.05); POV and rescue by fentanyl in group PV and group RP was significantly lower than that in group RV(P < 0.05).ConclusionPVOR can effectively reduce the incidence of EA as well as administration of propofol without additional medical expenses and other adverse effects.

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Evaluation and remediation of central auditory processing disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Hesham Kozou, Hanan Galal Azouz, Rania M. Abdou, Alyaa Shaltout
ObjectivesThis study was carried out to assess various skills of central auditory processing (CAP) in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to evaluate the efficacy of auditory training in these children.MethodsThis study is a non-randomized clinical experiment. 30 high functioning ASD children aged from 7 to 12 years were included in the study. They underwent behavioral assessments of CAP skills with subsequent remediation by dichotic training therapy for the children who revealed dichotic deficits.ResultsScores of CAP skills in ASD children are wide-ranging from completely normal to substantially defective and generally lower than those of typically developing children. By auditory training, ASD children improved their dichotic deficits as well as other untrained areas of auditory and language processing skills.ConclusionsA group of ASD children showed different degrees of abnormalities in CAP that could be measured behaviorally and achieved benefits from auditory training in improving their dichotic listening, auditory and language processing skills.

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Closure of fistula of the hard palate with two layers of mucoperiosteum

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Mosaad Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed Kamel, Mohamed Fawaz, Ibrahim Rezk, Mohamed Kamel
ObjectiveOronasal fistula represents a functional problem, as it may result in nasal regurgitation of food and fluids and it also leads to hypernasal speech. Many methods have been proposed for its closure with a high recurrence rate. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of closure of hard palate fistula by two layers of mucoperiosteal flaps.MethodsEighteen patients with fistula of the hard palate were included. The fistula was repaired by two layers of mucoperiosteal flaps; the first layer was created from the mucoperiosteum surrounding the fistula as bilateral hinge flaps and the second layer was formed of a rotational flap based on the greater palatine artery. Pre- and postoperative clinical assessment was performed.ResultsThe etiology of fistulas was previous cleft palate repair in 13 patients, previous nasal septal surgery in 3 patients, and untreated sharp accidental trauma to the palate in 2 patients. All patients presented with nasal regurgitation and hypernasal speech. Complete closure of all fistulas was achieved at first attempt, with no recurrence through the follow up period.ConclusionsClosure of oronasal fistula by two layers of mucoperiosteal flaps is an effective method and it has neither complications nor recurrence.

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Incidence and factors associated with revision adenoidectomy: A retrospective study

Publication date: December 2017
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 103
Author(s): James Johnston, Murali Mahadevan, Richard G. Douglas
IntroductionAdenoidectomy is one of the most commonly performed pediatric operations worldwide. There are a proportion of children who require revision adenoidectomy. Yet there is little in the literature about the incidence, associated factors and etiology of adenoidal regrowth. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to determine incidence and factors associated with revision adenoidectomy.MethodsAn extraction of all hospital morbidity records belonging to patients under the age of 18 years who underwent one or more adenoidectomy procedures (with or without tonsillectomy) between January 1, 2000 and June 2016 at a tertiary care children's hospital was performed. Demographic, diagnostic, and procedural data were included in the analysis. Community prescribing information was examined for the number of courses of antibiotics prescribed to each patient prior to initial adenoidectomy.ResultsThere were 8260 patients under the age of 18 years who underwent primary adenoidectomy from 2000 to 2016 at a tertiary pediatric hospital. 2.5% (n = 212) of patients underwent revision adenoidectomy in our cohort during the same time period. A higher proportion of females underwent revision adenoidectomy when compared to male counterparts (p = 0.007). Patients who were prescribed more than five courses of antibiotics prior to initial adenoidectomy were more likely to undergo revision adenoidectomy (p = 0.003). Patients with a diagnosis of otitis media with effusion were more likely to undergo revision adenoidectomy (p=<0.001). A diagnosis of asthma (p=<0.001), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (p=<0.001), and allergic rhinitis (p=<0.001) was associated with revision adenoidectomy. An age of over 4 years at the time of initial adenoidectomy was associated with revision adenoidectomy (p=<0.001). Adenoids that obstructed over 75% of the nasal choanae were associated with revision adenoidectomy in this cohort (p=<0.001).ConclusionThis study has identified several factors associated with revision adenoidectomy.

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Microarray analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in mice with allergic rhinitis

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Yue Ma, Le Shi, Chunquan Zheng
ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the effect of lncRNAs in CD4⁺ T cells on Allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsThe present study conducted a microarray to identify the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA in CD4⁺ T cells in both AR murine models and normal controls. And qRT-PCR was used to confirm the results. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were used to show all related pathways and a co-expression network was conducted to find lncRNAs which have high correlation with these pathways.ResultsThe results showed that the two groups contained a total of 158 deregulated lncRNAs, of which 110 were upregulated and 48 were downregulated. And positive regulation of calcium ion transport, B cell activation, chemokine-signaling pathways and calcium-signaling pathways may be involved in the development of T cells in AR pathology. Finally, we can find the differentially expressed mRNA in the pathways related to T cell differentiation correlated with many deregulated lncRNAs.ConclusionsThe present study was the first to show the differential expression profiles of lncRNAs in the CD4⁺ T cells of an AR murine model, which may provide significant insights into AR pathogenesis and offer new treatment targets to alleviate it.

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Effects of transient auditory deprivation during critical periods on the development of auditory temporal processing

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Bong Jik Kim, Jungyoon Kim, Il-Yong Park, Jae Yun Jung, Myung-Whan Suh, Seung-ha Oh
ObjectivesThe central auditory pathway matures through sensory experiences and it is known that sensory experiences during periods called critical periods exert an important influence on brain development. The present study aimed to investigate whether temporary auditory deprivation during critical periods (CPs) could have a detrimental effect on the development of auditory temporal processing.Materials and methodsTwelve neonatal rats were randomly assigned to control and study groups; Study group experienced temporary (18–20 days) auditory deprivation during CPs (Early deprivation study group). Outcome measures included changes in auditory brainstem response (ABR), gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS), and gap detection threshold (GDT). To further delineate the specific role of CPs in the outcome measures above, the same paradigm was applied in adult rats (Late deprivation group) and the findings were compared with those of the neonatal rats.ResultsSoon after the restoration of hearing, early deprivation study animals showed a significantly lower GPIAS at intermediate gap durations and a larger GDT than early deprivation controls, but these differences became insignificant after subsequent auditory inputs. Additionally, the ABR results showed significantly delayed latencies of waves IV, V, and interpeak latencies of wave I-III and wave I-V in study group. Late deprivation group didn't exhibit any deterioration in temporal processing following sensory deprivation.ConclusionTaken together, the present results suggest that transient auditory deprivation during CPs might cause reversible disruptions in the development of temporal processing.

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Low rate of positive bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration in infants

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Cameron C. Sheehan, Joseph Lopez, Charles A. Elmaraghy
ObjectivesTo describe our institution's low rate of positive bronchoscopy in infants suspected of inhaling a foreign body.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of patients at a tertiary children's hospital with suspected inhalation of a foreign body. Charts were reviewed for demographic information, radiologic findings, operative reports, and respiratory viral panels were reviewed.ResultsSixteen pediatric patients under 12 months of age were identified from 2008 to 2016 with a diagnosis of possible airway foreign body inhalation who underwent emergent bronchoscopy. Of these patients, only one was positive for a foreign body present in the airway. The remaining 15 children were found to have a negative direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy evaluation for a foreign body. Of these fifteen patients, 14 were found to have structural airway abnormalities and 7 tested positive for a respiratory viral infection.ConclusionsOur institution has a low rate of positive bronchoscopy for highly suspected foreign body inhalation in a group of patients less than 12 months of age. Patients presenting with respiratory distress, stridor, or other airway symptoms were often found to have an underlying airway abnormality or viral infection, which coupled with an unclear history, would increase the suspicion for an airway foreign body and subsequent decision to perform bronchoscopy. In stable patients, diagnostic evaluation for an underlying respiratory infection should be performed in these cases.Level of EvidenceCase Series.

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Cardiac complications in diphtheria and predictors of outcomes

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Sunil Samdani, Avani Jain, Vinod Meena, C.B. Meena
ObjectiveTo study the cardiac complications in diphtheria patients and to study the predictors of outcomes.Study DesignSingle centre prospective analysis of cardiac complications in diphtheria patients.ResultsIn this study, there were 60 patients diagnosed with diphtheria with ECG changes. The ECG changes seen were sinus tachycardia (68.3%), T wave inversion (20%), ST segment depression (13.3%), right bundle branch block (5%), multiple atrial ectopics (3.3%). The case fatality rate in our study was 25% (15 patients). High CPK-MB, myoglobulin and cardiac troponin levels were associated with cardiac mortality. In our study, cardiac troponin T had the highest sensitivity (80%) and CK-MB had the highest specificity (95.56%).ConclusionCardiac involvement is a common complication of infection with C. diphtheria and is associated with high mortality. As diphtheria can be prevented by adequate vaccination, efforts should be maximized for high vaccine coverage with booster doses.

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Management trends of infantile hemangioma: A national perspective

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Mana Espahbodi, Ke Yan, Robert H. Chun, Michael E. McCormick
IntroductionThe primary management of infantile hemangioma (IH) has changed since 2008, with the initiation of propranolol. The change that propranolol has affected on resource utilization is unknown.Materials and methodsThe Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) in 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 was queried for ICD-9 codes for IH in children under age three. The number of patients undergoing the following procedures of interest: tracheostomy, tracheoscopy and laryngoscopy with biopsy, and excision of skin lesion were evaluated. Data was analyzed for demographics and details on the admission. Trends were identified. Weighted statistical analyses were performed with SAS 9.4.ResultsThe number of qualified admissions significantly increased over the years (9271 in 2003–12029 in 2012, OR 1.042 per year increase, p < 0.001). The mean age at admission ranged from 26 to 28 days but did not vary over time (p = 0.54). The percentage undergoing tracheostomy significantly decreased from 1.05% in 2003 to 0.27% in 2012 (p = 0.0055), and the percentage undergoing tracheoscopy and laryngoscopy with biopsy significantly decreased from 7.29% in 2003 to 4.20% in 2012 (p = 0.011) among those with IH of unspecified or other sites. The percentage undergoing skin lesion excision also significantly decreased from 1.87% in 2003 to 1.03%, in 2012 (p = 0.0038) among those with IH of skin and subcutaneous tissue. These findings suggest a potential impact of propranolol. After adjusting for inflation, the total hospital charges increased from a mean of $17,838 in 2003 to an adjusted mean of $41,306 in 2012 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsTotal admissions and hospital charges in children with IH has increased from 2003 to 2012. The percentage of patients undergoing tracheostomy, tracheoscopy and laryngoscopy with biopsy, and skin lesion excision significantly decreased in 2012 compared to 2003, suggesting a potential impact of propranolol. Further studies are needed to examine these changes more closely.

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A novel mutation of the EYA4 gene associated with post-lingual hearing loss in a proband is co-segregating with a novel PAX3 mutation in two congenitally deaf family members

Publication date: January 2018
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, Volume 104
Author(s): Federica Cesca, Elisa Bettella, Roberta Polli, Elona Cama, Pietro Scimemi, Rosamaria Santarelli, Alessandra Murgia
ObjectivesThis work was aimed at establishing the molecular etiology of hearing loss in a 9-year old girl with post-lingual non-syndromic mild sensorineural hearing loss with a complex family history of clinically heterogeneous deafness.MethodsThe proband's DNA was subjected to NGS analysis of a 59-targeted gene panel, with the use of the Ion Torrent PGM platform. Conventional Sanger sequencing was used for segregation analysis in all the affected relatives. The proband and all the other hearing impaired members of the family underwent a thorough clinical and audiological evaluation.ResultsA new likely pathogenic mutation in the EYA4 gene (c.1154C > T; p.Ser385Leu) was identified in the proband and in her 42-year-old father with post-lingual non-syndromic profound sensorineural hearing loss. The EYA4 mutation was also found in the proband's grandfather and uncle, both showing clinical features of Waardenburg syndrome type 1. A novel pathogenic splice-site mutation (c.321+1G > A) of the PAX3 gene was found to co-segregate with the EYA4 mutation in these two subjects.ConclusionThe identified novel EYA4 mutation can be considered responsible of the hearing loss observed in the proband and her father, while a dual molecular diagnosis was reached in the relatives co-segregating the EYA4 and the PAX3 mutations. In these two subjects the DFNA10 phenotype was masked by Waardenburg syndrome.The use of NGS targeted gene-panel, in combination with an extensive clinical and audiological examination led us to identify the genetic cause of the hearing loss in members of a family in which different forms of autosomal dominant deafness segregate. These results provide precise and especially important prognostic and follow-up information for the future audiologic management in the youngest affected member.

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Erratum to “Systematic literature review of health-related quality of life in locally-advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Has it yet become state-of-the-art?” [Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 119 (November) (2017) 40–49]

Publication date: Available online 19 October 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Lotte van der Weijst, Veerle Surmont, Wim Schrauwen, Yolande Lievens

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Incidence of skin toxicity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with radiotherapy and cetuximab: A systematic review

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 120
Author(s): Pierluigi Bonomo, Mauro Loi, Isacco Desideri, Emanuela Olmetto, Camilla Delli Paoli, Francesca Terziani, Daniela Greto, Monica Mangoni, Silvia Scoccianti, Gabriele Simontacchi, Giulio Francolini, Icro Meattini, Saverio Caini, Lorenzo Livi
PurposeRadiotherapy plus cetuximab is an effective combination therapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of skin toxicity in patients receiving the combined treatment.ResultsForty-eight studies were included in our analysis, for a total of 2152 patients. The mean rates of G3/G4 radiation dermatitis and acneiform rash were 32.5% (SD: 20.4; 95% CI: 28.5–36.5) and 13.4% (SD: 11.5; 95% CI: 11.2–15.6), respectively. The majority of studies referred to CTCAE scales for reporting both side effects (85.7% and 92.1%, respectively). Data on the management of skin toxicity were available in only 35.4% of the reviewed literature.Conclusionssevere radiation dermatitis is a frequent side effect induced by the combination of radiotherapy and cetuximab in head and neck cancer. The lack of predictive biomarkers of toxicity hampers the possibilty to design preventive measures on a personalized basis.

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The effects of enzalutamide and abiraterone on skeletal related events and bone radiological progression free survival in castration resistant prostate cancer patients: An indirect comparison of randomized controlled trials

Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Sergio Rizzo, Antonio Galvano, Francesco Pantano, Michele Iuliani, Bruno Vincenzi, Francesco Passiglia, Silvia Spoto, Giuseppe Tonini, Viviana Bazan, Antonio Russo, Daniele Santini
Two new drugs, the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate and the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide, have recently shown to prolong OS prior chemotherapy or in docetaxel treated mCRPC patients, using steroidal therapy or placebo as control group. Updated analyses underlined the role of these new agents on two prostate-specific endpoints as radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) and time to first skeletal-related event (tSRE). On the basis of these reports, we made an indirect comparison between abiraterone and enzalutamide. We obtained a clinically but not significant difference favouring enzalutamide over abiraterone in terms of rPFS (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.22–1.02). No significant difference was shown in term of tSRE (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.83–1.17). In conclusion, abiraterone and enzalutamide have both demonstrated to significantly delay the bone progression resulting in similar improvements in bone-related endpoints in patients with mCRPC.

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Developing chemotherapy for diffuse pontine intrinsic gliomas (DIPG)

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 120
Author(s): Ho-Shin Gwak, Hyeon Jin Park
Prognosis of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is poor, with a median survival of 10 months after radiation. At present, chemotherapy has failed to show benefits over radiation.Advances in biotechnology have enabled the use of autopsy specimens for genomic analyses and molecular profiling of DIPG, which are quite different from those of supratentorial high grade glioma. Recently, combined treatments of cytotoxic agents with target inhibitors, based on biopsied tissue, are being examined in on-going trials. Spontaneous DIPG mice models have been recently developed that is useful for preclinical studies. Finally, the convection-enhanced delivery could be used to infuse drugs directly into the brainstem parenchyma, to which conventional systemic administration fails to achieve effective concentration.The WHO glioma classification defines a diffuse midline glioma with a H3-K27M-mutation, and we expect increase of tissue confirmation of DIPG, which will give us the biological information helping the development of a targeted therapy.

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ERCC1 as a prognostic factor for survival in patients with advanced urothelial cancer treated with platinum based chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 120
Author(s): Yuksel Urun, Jeffrey J. Leow, Andre P. Fay, Laurence Albiges, Toni K. Choueiri, Joaquim Bellmunt
BackgroundThe predictive role of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) as a predictive factor in patients with advanced urothelial cancer (AUC) treated with platinum-based treatment is not well defined. Here, we evaluate the role of ERCC1 in patients with AUC treated with platinum-based treatment.MethodsWe performed comprehensive, systematic computerized search to identify relevant studies through Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) databases and abstracts from American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, European Society For Medical Oncology (ESMO) and European Association of Urology (EAU) meeting up to July 2015. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed.ResultsWe included a total of 1475 patients from 13 studies. We found that ERCC1 positivity was significantly associated with worse progression-free survival (pooled HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.13–2.11, p=0.006). There was no significant association with overall survival (pooled HR1.63, 95% CI: 0.93–2.88, p=0.09) and disease-free survival (pooled HR: 1.092, 95% CI: 0.63–1.90, p=0.75).ConclusionERCC1 positivity might be a prognostic indicator for poorer survival outcomes among patients with AUC. ERCC1 positivity was trending to poorer OS but was statistically worse for PFS. Further large prospective studies are warranted as ERCC1 could be used as a predictive marker to direct treatment of patients with AUC.

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The role of Nuclear Factor-kappa B signaling in human cervical cancer

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 120
Author(s): Sam Tilborghs, Jerome Corthouts, Yannick Verhoeven, David Arias, Christian Rolfo, Xuan Bich Trinh, Peter A. van Dam
Background The Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-kB) family consists of transcription factors that play a complex and essential role in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. NF-kB has recently generated considerable interest as it has been implicated in human cancer initiation, progression and resistance to treatment. In the present comprehensive review the different aspects of NF-kB signaling in the carcinogenesis of cancer of the uterine cervix are discussed. NF-kB functions as part of a network, which determines the pattern of its effects on the expression of several other genes (such as crosstalks with reactive oxygen species, p53, STAT3 and miRNAS) and thus its function. Activation of NF-kB triggered by a HPV infection is playing an important role in the innate and adaptive immune response of the host. The virus induces down regulation of NF-kB to liquidate the inhibitory activity for its replication triggered by the immune system leading a status of persistant HPV infection. During the progression to high grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer NF-KB becomes constitutionally activated again. Mutations in NF-kB genes are rare in solid tumors but mutations of upstream signaling molecules such as RAS, EGFR, PGF, HER2 have been implicated in elevated NF-kB signaling. NF-kB can stimulate transcription of proliferation regulating genes (eg. cyclin D1 and c-myc), genes involved in metastasis, VEGF dependent angiogenesis and cell immortality by telomerase. NF-kB activation can also induce the expression of activation-induced cytodine deaminase (AID) and the APOBEC proteins, providing a mechanistic link between the NF-kB pathway and mutagenic characteristic of cervical cancer. Inhibition of NF-kB has the potential to be used to reverse resistance to radiotherapy and systemic anti-cancer medication, but currently no clinicaly active NF-kB targeting strategies are available.

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Examining the bleeding incidences associated with targeted therapies used in metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Publication date: December 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 120
Author(s): MacKenzie Crist, Elizabeth Hansen, Lipika Chablani, Elizabeth Guancial
A systematic review was conducted to illustrate the bleeding risks associated with targeted therapies used in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Eligible studies included phase II, III, or IV clinical trials using pazopanib, sunitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib, everolimus, temsirolimus, bevacizumab, axitinib, and/or sorafenib in the setting of mRCC. Types of bleeding event(s), bleeding event frequency, and incidence of thrombocytopenia were collected from the relevant articles. ClinicalTrials.gov was also searched for incidence of "Serious bleeding adverse effects" reported in these trials. The incidences of bleeding events ranged from 1 to 36%, and incidences of thrombocytopenia ranged from 2 to 78%. Available serious bleeding adverse events ranged from 1 to 7%. The highest percentage of bleeding incidences were seen with bevacizumab, while the lowest percentage of bleeding incidences were seen with axitinib. All of the included trials were of high quality per Jadad scoring.

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Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer – Current Clinical Utility and Future Perspectives

Publication date: Available online 13 November 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Alexander Kretschmer, Derya Tilki
Current tendencies in the treatment course of prostate cancer patients increase the need for reliable biomarkers that help in decision-making in a challenging clinical setting. Within the last decade, several novel biomarkers have been introduced. In the following comprehensive review article, we focus on diagnostic (PHI^®, 4K score, SelectMDx^®, ConfirmMDx^®, PCA3, MiPS, ExosomeDX, mpMRI) and prognostic (OncotypeDX GPS^®, Prolaris^®, ProMark^®, DNA-ploidy, Decipher^®) biomarkers that are in widespread clinical use and are supported by evidence. Hereby, we focus on multiple clinical situations in which innovative biomarkers may guide decision-making in prostate cancer therapy. In addition, we describe novel liquid biopsy approaches (circulating tumour cells, cell-free DNA) that have been described as predictive biomarkers in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and might support an individual patient-centred oncological approach in the nearer future.

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Optimization and purification of l-asparaginase from fungi: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 13 November 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Paula Monteiro Souza, Marcela Medeiros de Freitas, Samuel Leite Cardoso, Adalberto Pessoa, Eliete Neves Silva Guerra, Pérola Oliveira Magalhães
The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the available literature of the l-asparaginase producing fungi. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The search was conducted on five databases: LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science up until July 20th, 2016, with no time or language restrictions. The reference list of the included studies was crosschecked and a partial gray literature search was undertaken. The methodology of the selected studies was evaluated using GRADE. Asparaginase production, optimization using statistical design, purification and characterization were the main evaluated outcomes. Of the 1,686 initially gathered studies, 19 met the inclusion criteria after a two-step selection process. Nine species of fungi were reported in the selected studies, out of which 13 studies optimized the medium composition using statistical design for enhanced asparaginase production and six reported purification and characterization of the enzyme. The genera Aspergillus were identified as producers of asparaginase in both solid and submerged fermentation and l-asparagine was the amino acid most used as nitrogen source. This systematic review demonstrated that different fungi produce l-asparaginase, which possesses a potential in leukemia treatment. However, further investigations are required to confirm the promising effect of these fungal enzymes.

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Concomitant Use Of Corticosteroids And Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors In Patients With Hematologic Or Solid Neoplasms: A Systematic Review

Publication date: Available online 27 October 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): A. Garant, C. Guilbault, T. Ekmekjian, Z. Greenwald, P. Murgoi, T. Vuong
PurposeClinical trials studying immune checkpoint inhibitors exclude patients on corticosteroids, due to the hypothesis that corticosteroids may antagonize immunotherapy. We performed a systematic review of the literature looking at the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and concomitant corticosteroids.MethodsThe following databases were searched for relevant studies: MEDLINE, Embase Classic+Embase, BIOSIS Previews, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the CENTRAL Registry of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Scopus. Abstracts from the meetings of the European Cancer Congress/European Society for Medical Oncology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the American Society of Hematology, the European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology, the American Society for Radiation Oncology and the European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology were manually searched. Two independent reviewers screened the references: case reports and articles with a low risk of bias were retained.ResultsFollowing a retrieval of 14603 unique references, 140 abstracts were retained for review; 27 articles are in the final analysis. Although limited, the reviewed data suggests that the concomitant administration of corticosteroids and immune checkpoint inhibitors may not necessarily lead to poorer clinical outcomes.ConclusionIn our systematic review, there was no objective data on the exact types of corticosteroids and the dose threshold above which an interaction could be measured clinically. Consideration of stratified randomization and treatment sequence evaluations in prospective trials may clarify this challenging topic and perhaps improve patient access to immune checkpoint therapies.

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The predictive value of primary tumor location in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Nele Boeckx, Katleen Janssens, Guy Van Camp, Marika Rasschaert, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Marc Peeters, Ken Op de Beeck
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been reported that left- and right-sided CRC harbor varying disease characteristics, which leads to a difference in prognosis and response to therapy. Recently, there have been retrospective studies about tumor location in metastatic CRC (mCRC) and its potential to predict the effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) therapies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest trials studying the predictive value of primary tumor location in mCRC and discuss biomarkers that might be associated with the differences in treatment response. Although data need to be interpreted with caution due to the absence of randomized trials stratified based on tumor location, patients with left-sided CRC seem to benefit more from anti-EGFR therapy than patients with right-sided CRC. Further clinical trials, stratified for tumor location, are warranted.

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Ovarian sex-cord stromal tumours and small cell tumours: pathological, genetic and management aspects

Publication date: Available online 16 October 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Stergios Boussios, Michelle Moschetta, George Zarkavelis, Alexandra Papadaki, Aristides Kefas, Konstantina Tatsi
Non-epithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) constitute a group of uncommon malignancies and their treatment is still a challenging task. Collectively, these tumours account for about 10% of all ovarian cancers and occur in all age groups from childhood to old-age. They include malignancies of germ cell origin, sex cord-stromal cell origin, and a variety of extremely rare ovarian cancers, such as small-cell carcinomas and sarcomas. Each of these classifications encompasses multiple histologic subtypes. It is imperative that these rare tumours are managed with accurate diagnosis, staging, and treatment, to optimise the outcome. The aetiology and molecular origins of each sub-group of NEOC remain largely unresolved, and international cooperation to promote high quality translational research is crucial. Much effort has been made into researching the molecular mechanisms underlying epithelial ovarian cancers, but far less is known about the genetic changes in NEOC. In this article, it is provided an overview of the current knowledge on the incidence, clinical presentation, pathology, genetics, therapeutic interventions, survival and prognostic factors of adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumours (GrCT), Sertoli-Leydig Cell tumours (SLCT) and small cell carcinoma of the ovary. We also consider future potential therapeutic targets in these rare cancers.

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Effects of exercise on cancer patients suffering chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy undergoing treatment: A systematic review

Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Duregon Federica, Vendramin Barbara, Bullo Valentina, Gobbo Stefano, Cugusi Lucia, Di Blasio Andrea, Neunhaeuserer Daniel, Zaccaria Marco, Bergamin Marco, Ermolao Andrea
BackgroundChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is the most common neurological and clinically relevant side effect of many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, little effort has been done to investigate the potentially beneficial effects of specific exercises to counteract the CIPN symptoms.ObjectiveThis document aims to summarize and analyze systematically the current body of evidence about the effects of specific exercise protocols on CIPN symptoms, balance control, physical function and quality of life in patients with CIPN.Literature surveySpecific terms were identified for the literature research in MEDLINE, Scopus, Bandolier, PEDro, and Web of Science.MethodologyFour manuscripts were considered eligible for this review. Quality appraisal distinguished two studies as high quality investigations while two with low quality. Results were summarized in the following domains: "CIPN symptoms", "Static balance control", "Dynamic balance control", "Quality of life and Physical function".SynthesisSignificant improvements were detected on postural control. Additionally, patients' quality of life and independence were found ameliorated after exercise sessions. Combined exercise protocols including endurance, strength and sensorimotor training showed larger improvements.ConclusionsThis systematic review comes from a highly selected but small source of data. Nevertheless, specific exercise for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with CIPN symptoms should be recommended since these interventions appeared as feasible and have been demonstrated as useful tools to counteract some of the limitations due to chemotherapy.

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Editorial Board

Publication date: November 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Volume 119

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Sulfites: No Longer a Zebra?

No abstract available

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Piercing and Metal Sensitivity: Extended Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2007–2014

Background Body piercing provides a unique route of metal exposure. Objective The aim of this study was to update previous analyses using the North American Contact Dermatitis Group data comparing pierced and unpierced individuals. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 17,912 patients patch tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group from 2007 to 2014 for demographics, positive reactions to metals (nickel, cobalt, chromium), and detailed analysis of nickel reactions by age, sex, and source of exposure. Results Piercing was significantly associated with female sex, being older than 18 years, and atopy (P

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Sigfrid Fregert

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYR18r

Patch Testing with Decyl and Lauryl Glucoside: How Well Does One Screen for Contact Allergic Reactions to the Other?

Background Alkyl glucoside surfactants, present in many cosmetic products, can cause allergic contact dermatitis. Decyl glucoside has been part of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group standard allergen panel since 2009. Objectives This study aimed to identify rates and relevance of positive patch test reactions to decyl and lauryl glucosides and to determine how well one of these glucosides screens for contact allergic reactions to the other. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 897 patients suspected of having a cosmetic-related dermatitis and patch tested with both decyl and lauryl glucosides between 2009 and 2016. Results Forty-eight patients (5%) had positive reactions to decyl glucoside and/or lauryl glucoside. Among the alkyl glucoside–allergic patients, 65% had positive reactions to both decyl and lauryl glucosides. In 41% of cases, reactions were of definite or probable relevance. In approximately 55% of cases, reactions were of possible relevance. Conclusions Sixty-five percent of glucoside-allergic patients exhibited co-reactions to decyl and lauryl glucosides. Thus, neither glucoside is an adequate screen for allergy to the other. Given that these reactions are often relevant, clinicians should patch test with decyl, lauryl, and other alkyl glucosides in cases of suspected cosmetic allergy.

http://ift.tt/2yYR04n

CrossFit-Associated Allergic Contact Dermatitis

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYQYth

Benzalkonium Chloride: An Irritant and Sensitizer

Background Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is a known irritant, and potentially cross-reacting quaternary ammonium compounds are commonly used as preservatives in personal care products. Objective The aim of the study was to review positive reactions to BAK in 615 patients patch tested for suspected allergic contact dermatitis. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in 615 patients patch tested from June 2015 to October 2016. All patients were tested to a Modified American Contact Dermatitis Society core series of 70 allergens including BAK (0.1% aqueous). Initial readings were performed at 48 hours with final readings performed between 72 and 168 hours. Results were graded as + (weak: papules and erythema), ++ (strong: papules and edema or vesicles), or +++ (extreme: coalescing vesicles, spreading or bullous reactions). Results A total of 141 men (23%) and 475 women (77%) were tested (mean age, 49 years). Four hundred thirty-two (70%) were atopic. Of 615 patients, 198 (32%) tested positive to BAK, and 64 (10%) had ++ or +++ reactions at their final reading. On average, BAK-positive patients were using at least 1 product containing BAK or possible cross-reactors. Conclusions Widespread exposure to irritants in dermatitis patients can predispose to sensitization. Products containing BAK or potential cross-reactors should be used carefully in patients with compromised skin barriers.

http://ift.tt/2yXeNC3

SELF-ASSESSMENT

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2AZm3P3

Allergenic Ingredients in Facial Wet Wipes

Background Allergic contact dermatitis commonly occurs on the face. Facial cleansing wipes may be an underrecognized source of allergens. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of potentially allergenic ingredients in facial wet wipes. Methods Ingredient lists from name brand and generic facial wipes from 4 large retailers were analyzed. Results In the 178 facial wipes examined, a total of 485 ingredients were identified (average, 16.7 ingredients per wipe). Excluding botanicals, the top 15 potentially allergenic ingredients were glycerin (64.0%), fragrance (63.5%), phenoxyethanol (53.9%), citric acid (51.1%), disodium EDTA (44.4%), sorbic acid derivatives (39.3%), tocopherol derivatives (38.8%), polyethylene glycol derivatives (32.6%), glyceryl stearate (31.5%), sodium citrate (29.8%), glucosides (27.5%), cetearyl alcohol (25.8%), propylene glycol (25.3%), sodium benzoate (24.2%), and ceteareth-20 (23.6%)/parabens (23.6%). Of note, methylisothiazolinone (2.2%) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (1.1%) were uncommon. The top potential allergens of botanical origin included Aloe barbadensis (41.0%), chamomile extracts (27.0%), tea extracts (21.3%), Cucumis sativus (20.2%), and Hamamelis virginiana (10.7%). Conclusions Many potential allergens are present in facial wet wipes, including fragrances, preservatives, botanicals, glucosides, and propylene glycol.

http://ift.tt/2AZm2KZ

Dermoscopic Findings of Irritant “Poral” Reactions to Cobalt During Patch Testing

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2AYVIk6

Contact Allergy to Neem Oil

A case of allergic contact dermatitis from neem oil is presented. Neem oil (synonyms: Melia azadirachta seed oil [INCI name], nim oil, margosa oil) is a vegetable (fixed) oil obtained from the seed of the neem tree Azadirachta indica by cold pressing. Contact allergy to neem oil has been described previously in only 3 patients. The allergen(s) is/are unknown.

http://ift.tt/2AYVGZw

Occupationally Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Aerosolized Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYmKqF

Tan in a Can: Proceed With Patch Testing

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yXeGq7

Defining Gaps in Dermatitis Care

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYBwO1

Sulfites: No Longer a Zebra?

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yVhJiy

Piercing and Metal Sensitivity: Extended Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2007–2014

Sigfrid Fregert

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYR18r

Patch Testing with Decyl and Lauryl Glucoside: How Well Does One Screen for Contact Allergic Reactions to the Other?

Benzalkonium Chloride: An Irritant and Sensitizer

SELF-ASSESSMENT

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2AZm3P3

Allergenic Ingredients in Facial Wet Wipes

Dermoscopic Findings of Irritant “Poral” Reactions to Cobalt During Patch Testing

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2AYVIk6

Contact Allergy to Neem Oil

Occupationally Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Aerosolized Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYmKqF

Tan in a Can: Proceed With Patch Testing

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yXeGq7

Defining Gaps in Dermatitis Care

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2yYBwO1

Radiological Anatomy of Inner Ear Malformation in Hearing Impaired Children and it’s Correlation with Hearing Loss: A Hospital Based Observational Study

Abstract

To see the radiological anatomy of inner ear malformations in hearing impaired children. This study was a prospective observational study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital in north India. The included were children of 1–7 years with first time detected severe to profound SNHL. The evaluation of hearing was done by brainstem evoked response audiometry. Those with history of chronic suppurative otitis media and conductive hearing loss were excluded. The all included were undergone high resolution computed tomography of the tympano-mastoid region. A written informed consent was taken. The institutional ethics committee approved the study protocol. We screened 130 children of 1–7 years of age with complaints of severe to profound hearing impairment (SNHL) by BERA. We excluded 38 and 14 children who had conductive hearing loss with or without CSOM and did not give consent, respectively. Among recruited 78 children, 47 (60.3%) had severe (71–90 dB) and 31 (39.7%) had profound (> 90 dB) SNHL. The majority of children (60/78, 76.9%) had a bilateral hearing impairment, only 18 (23.1%) had unilateral hearing impairment. The mean ± SD of age was 3.9 ± 1.3 years (95% CI = 3.6–4.2). The incidence of severe to profound SNHL was higher, though not statistically significant among the girls. Only 7.7% children with severe to profound SNHL were detected within first 2 years of life. Most of the children (92.3%) with severe to profound SNHL were detected after 2 years of age. Among 78 with severe to profound SNHL, 16 (20.5%) children had structural anomalies in their internal ears. Only 2 (6.9%) ears had single anomaly, others (27, 93.1%) had multiple anomalies. A maximum number of anomalies found in one ear were 5. The most common anomalies were found in the vestibule. The total number of anomalies were 115. Five children (6.4%) with severe to profound SNHL had craniofacial dysmorphism. Approximately 20% of children with severe to profound SNHL have congenital anomalies in their internal ears. It is crucial to know these anomalies before planning of CI. HRCT of tympano-mastoid is the first modality to know these anomalies. MRI should also be included to know the details of vestibulocochlear nerve. Since, the neurocognitive outcome would be the best if CI will be done as early as possible preferably around 1 year of age. Therefore, children must be screened at the appropriate age, firstly by OAE followed by BERA.

http://ift.tt/2j4JXjX

Tracheocutaneous Fistula Closure with Turnover Flap and Polydioxanone Plate

Summary: An alternative surgical treatment is proposed for closure of tracheocutaneous fistulas. The authors present a new technique for reconstruction of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula resultant from temporary tracheostomy. The single-stage closure under local anesthesia involves a fistulous tract turnover flap with a perforated 0.15 mm polydioxanone plate between the flap and the subcutaneous closure. This article presents 3 cases of persistent tracheocutaneous fistula treated by this method. At follow-up examination after follow-up, no recurrent fistula formation had occurred, and no respiratory deformity was present.

http://ift.tt/2yVul93

Radiological Anatomy of Inner Ear Malformation in Hearing Impaired Children and it’s Correlation with Hearing Loss: A Hospital Based Observational Study

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2j4JXjX

Increased serum 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) levels are associated with glucose metabolism in Chinese pregnant women

Abstract

Purpose

Previous studies have found that 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) was associated with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between abnormal increased CMPF levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

We recruited 828 pregnant women, and all of them underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We screened out 141 GDM patients and 230 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance as controls. The serum CMPF concentration in participants was measured, and the relationship between the serum CMPF concentration and various parameters and biochemical indices was analyzed.

Results

Compared with the serum levels in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance, GDM patients exhibited markedly higher serum CMPF levels. The serum CMPF concentration showed an independent positive correlation with the blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), and the area under the glucose–time curve from the 2-h OGTT (AUC for glucose). Moreover, the CMPF concentration was independently negatively correlated with insulin secretion. However, CMPF was not significantly associated with lipid metabolism.

Conclusions

Elevated serum CMPF levels are detrimental to the development of hyperglycemia and islet β-cell functional failure in patients with GDM, which may promote the development of GDM.

http://ift.tt/2zTQiqI

Radiological Anatomy of Inner Ear Malformation in Hearing Impaired Children and it’s Correlation with Hearing Loss: A Hospital Based Observational Study

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2j4JXjX

Radiological Anatomy of Inner Ear Malformation in Hearing Impaired Children and it’s Correlation with Hearing Loss: A Hospital Based Observational Study

Abstract

http://ift.tt/2j4JXjX

The environmental pollutant BDE-209 regulates NO/cGMP signaling through activation of NMDA receptors in neurons

Abstract

The common flame retardant decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a persistent organic pollutant. Epidemiological studies have revealed that prenatal or postnatal exposure to BDE-209 can result in delayed cognitive development, and BDE-209 has been shown to be toxic to cultured neurons with maturation interference effects. However, its neurotoxic mechanism remains unclear. Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling plays an important role in regulating neuronal maturation. We examined the influence of BDE-209 (100, 200, and 400 nM) on NO production and cGMP levels signaling in rodent neurons in vitro, with or without pretreatment N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism. We found that nanomolar concentrations of BDE-209 affected levels of the second messengers NO and cGMP, and that these effects could be blocked by NMDA receptor antagonism. Moreover, BDE-209 activation of NMDA receptors inhibited the expression of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), which modulate intracellular cGMP levels, and increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, favoring apoptosis induction. Our studies implicate the NMDA-NO/cGMP pathway in the pathogenic mechanism through which BDE-209 induces neurotoxicity.

http://ift.tt/2yY0FIN

Spatial distributions of hexachlorobutadiene in agricultural soils from the Yangtze River Delta region of China

Abstract

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) is one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) listed by the Stockholm Convention and poses potential risks to human health and ecosystems. To reveal the regional-scale pollution status of HCBD in agricultural soils from fast-developing areas, an extensive investigation was conducted in the core Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China. The detectable concentrations of HCBD in 241 soil samples ranged from 0.07 to 8.47 ng g⁻¹ dry weight, with an average value of 0.32 ng g⁻¹ and a detection rate of 59.3%. Industrial emissions and intensive agricultural activities were the potential source of HCBD. The concentrations of HCBD were highly associated with the soil physicochemical properties such as organic matter contents. Higher concentrations of HCBD were found in paddy fields than other land-use types. The concentrations of HCBD were much lower than those of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls. Significant positive correlations were found between HCBD and most organochlorine pesticides. HCBD was not found in ten vegetable samples due to its low concentration and detection rate. A positive relationship was observed between the level of HCBD and the biomass of fungi, indicating that the fungi in soils might be influenced by the existence of HCBD. The potential risks of HCBD to ecosystems and health of inhabitants were estimated to be negligible. The finding from this study provides an important basis for soil quality assessment and risk management of HCBD in China.

http://ift.tt/2zOGRe4

Dry flue gas desulfurization by-product application effects on plant uptake and soil storage changes in a managed grassland

Abstract

Environmental regulations mandate that sulfur dioxide (SO₂) be removed from the flue gases of coal-fired power plants, which results in the generation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) by-products. These FGD by-products may be a viable soil amendment, but the large amounts of trace elements contained in FGD by-products are potentially concerning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of land application of a high-Ca dry FGD (DFGD) by-product on trace elements in aboveground biomass and soil. A high-Ca DFGD by-product was applied once at a rate of 9 Mg ha⁻¹ on May 18, 2015 to small plots with mixed-grass vegetation. Soil and biomass were sampled prior to application and several times thereafter. Aboveground dry matter and tissue As, Co, Cr, Hg, Se, U, and V concentrations increased (P < 0.05) following application, but did not differ (P > 0.05) from pre-application levels or the unamended control within 3 to 6 months of application. Soil pH in the amended treatment 6 months after application was greater (P < 0.05) than in the unamended control. Soil Ca, S, and Na contents also increased (P < 0.05), following by-product application compared to the unamended control. High-Ca DFGD by-products appear to be useful as a soil amendment, but cause at least a temporary increase in tissue concentrations of trace elements, which may be problematic for animal grazing situations.

http://ift.tt/2B154vZ

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Σάββατο 18 Νοεμβρίου 2017

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