Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 06/12/17

Δευτέρα 12 Ιουνίου 2017

Paradoxical Effects of MLL Paralogs in MLL-Rearranged Leukemia

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Michael J. Thirman
Conflicting data exist on the requirement for wild-type MLL1 in MLL-rearranged leukemia. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Chen et al. describe complementary approaches demonstrating that MLL1 is dispensable for MLL-fusion-mediated leukemogenesis. They also observe an unexpected role for MLL2 in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Teaser

Conflicting data exist on the requirement for wild-type MLL1 in MLL-rearranged leukemia. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Chen et al. describe complementary approaches demonstrating that MLL1 is dispensable for MLL-fusion-mediated leukemogenesis. They also observe an unexpected role for MLL2 in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells and identify potential therapeutic targets.

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Aberrant Glycosylation in Cancer: A Novel Molecular Mechanism Controlling Metastasis

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Ana Magalhães, Henrique O. Duarte, Celso A. Reis
Glycosylation alterations are involved in several steps of human cancer pathogenesis. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Agrawal et al. identified the glycosyltransferase FUT8 as a previously unrecognized mediator of melanoma metastasis, establishing core fucosylation as a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of metastatic tumors.

Teaser

Glycosylation alterations are involved in several steps of human cancer pathogenesis. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Agrawal et al. identified the glycosyltransferase FUT8 as a previously unrecognized mediator of melanoma metastasis, establishing core fucosylation as a potential therapeutic target for prevention and treatment of metastatic tumors.

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Intertumoral Heterogeneity within Medulloblastoma Subgroups

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Florence M.G. Cavalli, Marc Remke, Ladislav Rampasek, John Peacock, David J.H. Shih, Betty Luu, Livia Garzia, Jonathon Torchia, Carolina Nor, A. Sorana Morrissy, Sameer Agnihotri, Yuan Yao Thompson, Claudia M. Kuzan-Fischer, Hamza Farooq, Keren Isaev, Craig Daniels, Byung-Kyu Cho, Seung-Ki Kim, Kyu-Chang Wang, Ji Yeoun Lee, Wieslawa A. Grajkowska, Marta Perek-Polnik, Alexandre Vasiljevic, Cecile Faure-Conter, Anne Jouvet, Caterina Giannini, Amulya A. Nageswara Rao, Kay Ka Wai Li, Ho-Keung Ng, Charles G. Eberhart, Ian F. Pollack, Ronald L. Hamilton, G. Yancey Gillespie, James M. Olson, Sarah Leary, William A. Weiss, Boleslaw Lach, Lola B. Chambless, Reid C. Thompson, Michael K. Cooper, Rajeev Vibhakar, Peter Hauser, Marie-Lise C. van Veelen, Johan M. Kros, Pim J. French, Young Shin Ra, Toshihiro Kumabe, Enrique López-Aguilar, Karel Zitterbart, Jaroslav Sterba, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Maura Massimino, Erwin G. Van Meir, Satoru Osuka, Tomoko Shofuda, Almos Klekner, Massimo Zollo, Jeffrey R. Leonard, Joshua B. Rubin, Nada Jabado, Steffen Albrecht, Jaume Mora, Timothy E. Van Meter, Shin Jung, Andrew S. Moore, Andrew R. Hallahan, Jennifer A. Chan, Daniela P.C. Tirapelli, Carlos G. Carlotti, Maryam Fouladi, José Pimentel, Claudia C. Faria, Ali G. Saad, Luca Massimi, Linda M. Liau, Helen Wheeler, Hideo Nakamura, Samer K. Elbabaa, Mario Perezpeña-Diazconti, Fernando Chico Ponce de León, Shenandoah Robinson, Michal Zapotocky, Alvaro Lassaletta, Annie Huang, Cynthia E. Hawkins, Uri Tabori, Eric Bouffet, Ute Bartels, Peter B. Dirks, James T. Rutka, Gary D. Bader, Jüri Reimand, Anna Goldenberg, Vijay Ramaswamy, Michael D. Taylor
While molecular subgrouping has revolutionized medulloblastoma classification, the extent of heterogeneity within subgroups is unknown. Similarity network fusion (SNF) applied to genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression data across 763 primary samples identifies very homogeneous clusters of patients, supporting the presence of medulloblastoma subtypes. After integration of somatic copy-number alterations, and clinical features specific to each cluster, we identify 12 different subtypes of medulloblastoma. Integrative analysis using SNF further delineates group 3 from group 4 medulloblastoma, which is not as readily apparent through analyses of individual data types. Two clear subtypes of infants with Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma with disparate outcomes and biology are identified. Medulloblastoma subtypes identified through integrative clustering have important implications for stratification of future clinical trials.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Cavalli et al. analyze 763 primary medulloblastoma samples using the similarity network fusion approach. They identify subtypes that have distinct somatic copy-number aberrations, activated pathways, and clinical outcomes within each of the four known subgroups and further delineate group 3 from group 4 MB.

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MLL2, Not MLL1, Plays a Major Role in Sustaining MLL-Rearranged Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Yufei Chen, Konstantinos Anastassiadis, Andrea Kranz, A. Francis Stewart, Kathrin Arndt, Claudia Waskow, Akihiko Yokoyama, Kenneth Jones, Tobias Neff, Yoo Lee, Patricia Ernst
The MLL1 histone methyltransferase gene undergoes many distinct chromosomal rearrangements to yield poor-prognosis leukemia. The remaining wild-type allele is most commonly, but not always, retained. To what extent the wild-type allele contributes to leukemogenesis is unclear. Here we show, using rigorous, independent animal models, that endogenous MLL1 is dispensable for MLL-rearranged leukemia. Potential redundancy was addressed by co-deleting the closest paralog, Mll2. Surprisingly, Mll2 deletion alone had a significant impact on survival of MLL-AF9-transformed cells, and additional Mll1 loss further reduced viability and proliferation. We show that MLL1/MLL2 collaboration is not through redundancy, but regulation of distinct pathways. These findings highlight the relevance of MLL2 as a drug target in MLL-rearranged leukemia and suggest its broader significance in AML.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Chen et al. report that wild-type MLL1 is dispensable for MLL fusion leukemia, but instead loss of MLL2 reduces the survival of leukemia cells from human cell lines and in a mouse model of MLL-AF9 AML. Combined loss of MLL1 and MLL2 further reduces leukemia cell viability.

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From One to Many: Further Refinement of Medulloblastoma Subtypes Offers Promise for Personalized Therapy

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Abhishek Bavle, D. Williams Parsons
There is significant intertumoral heterogeneity within the four molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Cavalli et al. apply similarity network fusion to gene expression and DNA methylation data to identify 12 medulloblastoma subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical profiles, making an important step toward molecularly tailored therapy.

Teaser

There is significant intertumoral heterogeneity within the four molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Cavalli et al. apply similarity network fusion to gene expression and DNA methylation data to identify 12 medulloblastoma subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical profiles, making an important step toward molecularly tailored therapy.

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Kupffer Cell-Derived Tnf Triggers Cholangiocellular Tumorigenesis through JNK due to Chronic Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ROS

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Detian Yuan, Shan Huang, Emanuel Berger, Lei Liu, Nina Gross, Florian Heinzmann, Marc Ringelhan, Tracy O. Connor, Mira Stadler, Michael Meister, Julia Weber, Rupert Öllinger, Nicole Simonavicius, Florian Reisinger, Daniel Hartmann, Rüdiger Meyer, Maria Reich, Marco Seehawer, Valentina Leone, Bastian Höchst, Dirk Wohlleber, Simone Jörs, Marco Prinz, Duncan Spalding, Ulrike Protzer, Tom Luedde, Luigi Terracciano, Matthias Matter, Thomas Longerich, Percy Knolle, Thomas Ried, Verena Keitel, Fabian Geisler, Kristian Unger, Einat Cinnamon, Eli Pikarsky, Norbert Hüser, Roger J. Davis, Darjus F. Tschaharganeh, Roland Rad, Achim Weber, Lars Zender, Dirk Haller, Mathias Heikenwalder
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant, heterogeneous cancer with poor treatment options. We found that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress trigger a niche favoring cholangiocellular overgrowth and tumorigenesis. Liver damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and paracrine tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) from Kupffer cells caused JNK-mediated cholangiocellular proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Anti-oxidant treatment, Kupffer cell depletion, Tnfr1 deletion, or JNK inhibition reduced cholangiocellular pre-neoplastic lesions. Liver-specific JNK1/2 deletion led to tumor reduction and enhanced survival in Akt/Notch- or p53/Kras-induced ICC models. In human ICC, high Tnf expression near ICC lesions, cholangiocellular JNK-phosphorylation, and ROS accumulation in surrounding hepatocytes are present. Thus, Kupffer cell-derived Tnf favors cholangiocellular proliferation/differentiation and carcinogenesis. Targeting the ROS/Tnf/JNK axis may provide opportunities for ICC therapy.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Yuan et al. show that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the liver increase tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression by Kupffer cells to cause JNK-mediated cholangiocellular proliferation and transformation. The ROS/TNF/JNK axis may be an effective target for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma therapy.

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ACK1/TNK2 Regulates Histone H4 Tyr88-phosphorylation and AR Gene Expression in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Kiran Mahajan, Pavani Malla, Harshani R. Lawrence, Zhihua Chen, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Rohit Malik, Sudhanshu Shukla, Jongphil Kim, Domenico Coppola, Nicholas J. Lawrence, Nupam P. Mahajan
The androgen receptor (AR) is critical for the progression of prostate cancer to a castration-resistant (CRPC) state. AR antagonists are ineffective due to their inability to repress the expression of AR or its splice variant, AR-V7. Here, we report that the tyrosine kinase ACK1 (TNK2) phosphorylates histone H4 at tyrosine 88 upstream of the AR transcription start site. The WDR5/MLL2 complex reads the H4-Y88-phosphorylation marks and deposits the transcriptionally activating H3K4-trimethyl marks promoting AR transcription. Reversal of the pY88-H4 epigenetic marks by the ACK1 inhibitor (R)-9bMS-sensitized naive and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and reduced AR and AR-V7 levels to mitigate CRPC tumor growth. Thus, a feedforward ACK1/pY88-H4/WDR5/MLL2/AR epigenetic circuit drives CRPC and is necessary for maintenance of the malignant state.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Mahajan et al. report that ACK1 phosphorylates histone H4 at Y88 upstream of the AR transcription start site, leading to the WDR5/MLL2 complex-mediated increase of AR transcription. Inhibition of ACK1 reverses the pY88-H4 marks and reduces AR and AR-V7 levels to mitigate castration-resistant prostate tumor growth.

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A Systems Biology Approach Identifies FUT8 as a Driver of Melanoma Metastasis

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Praveen Agrawal, Barbara Fontanals-Cirera, Elena Sokolova, Samson Jacob, Christopher A. Vaiana, Diana Argibay, Veronica Davalos, Meagan McDermott, Shruti Nayak, Farbod Darvishian, Mireia Castillo, Beatrix Ueberheide, Iman Osman, David Fenyö, Lara K. Mahal, Eva Hernando
Association of aberrant glycosylation with melanoma progression is based mainly on analyses of cell lines. Here we present a systems-based study of glycomic changes and corresponding enzymes associated with melanoma metastasis in patient samples. Upregulation of core fucosylation (FUT8) and downregulation of α-1,2 fucosylation (FUT1, FUT2) were identified as features of metastatic melanoma. Using both in vitro and in vivo studies, we demonstrate FUT8 is a driver of melanoma metastasis which, when silenced, suppresses invasion and tumor dissemination. Glycoprotein targets of FUT8 were enriched in cell migration proteins including the adhesion molecule L1CAM. Core fucosylation impacted L1CAM cleavage and the ability of L1CAM to support melanoma invasion. FUT8 and its targets represent therapeutic targets in melanoma metastasis.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Using a systems-based approach to assess glycosylation in matched primary and metastatic melanoma samples, Agrawal et al. find increased core fucosylation mediated by FUT8 in metastatic melanoma. FUT8 facilitates invasion and tumor dissemination, in part due to reduced cleavage of core-fucosylated L1CAM.

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Development of Peptidomimetic Inhibitors of the ERG Gene Fusion Product in Prostate Cancer

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Xiaoju Wang, Yuanyuan Qiao, Irfan A. Asangani, Bushra Ateeq, Anton Poliakov, Marcin Cieślik, Sethuramasundaram Pitchiaya, Balabhadrapatruni V.S.K. Chakravarthi, Xuhong Cao, Xiaojun Jing, Cynthia X. Wang, Ingrid J. Apel, Rui Wang, Jean Ching-Yi Tien, Kristin M. Juckette, Wei Yan, Hui Jiang, Shaomeng Wang, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Arul M. Chinnaiyan

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SnapShot: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Publication date: 12 June 2017
Source:Cancer Cell, Volume 31, Issue 6
Author(s): Gabriel Abril-Rodriguez, Antoni Ribas
Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Checkpoint blockade therapies unleash breaks in the immune system and induce long-lasting responses. However, a significant number of patients do not respond (innate resistance), and a subset progress after responding (acquired resistance). A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying checkpoint blockade therapies will facilitate the design of novel strategies to treat and prevent resistance. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF.

Teaser

Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of cancer treatment. Checkpoint blockade therapies unleash breaks in the immune system and induce long-lasting responses. However, a significant number of patients do not respond (innate resistance), and a subset progress after responding (acquired resistance). A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying checkpoint blockade therapies will facilitate the design of novel strategies to treat and prevent resistance. To view this SnapShot, open or download the PDF.

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Structural Covariance Networks in Children with Autism or ADHD

Abstract

Background

While autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are considered distinct conditions from a diagnostic perspective, clinically they share some phenotypic features and have high comorbidity. Regardless, most studies have focused on only one condition, with considerable heterogeneity in their results. Taking a dual-condition approach might help elucidate shared and distinct neural characteristics.

Method

Graph theory was used to analyse topological properties of structural covariance networks across both conditions and relative to a neurotypical (NT; n = 87) group using data from the ABIDE (autism; n = 62) and ADHD-200 datasets (ADHD; n = 69). Regional cortical thickness was used to construct the structural covariance networks. This was analysed in a theoretical framework examining potential differences in long and short-range connectivity, with a specific focus on relation between central graph measures and cortical thickness.

Results

We found convergence between autism and ADHD, where both conditions show an overall decrease in CT covariance with increased Euclidean distance between centroids compared with a NT population. The 2 conditions also show divergence. Namely, there is less modular overlap between the 2 conditions than there is between each condition and the NT group. The ADHD group also showed reduced cortical thickness and lower degree in hub regions than the autism group. Lastly, the ADHD group also showed reduced wiring costs compared with the autism groups.

Conclusions

Our results indicate a need for taking an integrated approach when considering highly comorbid conditions such as autism and ADHD. Furthermore, autism and ADHD both showed alterations in the relation between inter-regional covariance and centroid distance, where both groups show a steeper decline in covariance as a function of distance. The 2 groups also diverge on modular organization, cortical thickness of hub regions and wiring cost of the covariance network. Thus, on some network features the groups are distinct, yet on others there is convergence.

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Places in the Brain: Bridging Layout and Object Geometry in Scene-Selective Cortex

Abstract

Diverse animal species primarily rely on sense (left–right) and egocentric distance (proximal–distal) when navigating the environment. Recent neuroimaging studies with human adults show that this information is represented in 2 scene-selective cortical regions—the occipital place area (OPA) and retrosplenial complex (RSC)—but not in a third scene-selective region—the parahippocampal place area (PPA). What geometric properties, then, does the PPA represent, and what is its role in scene processing? Here we hypothesize that the PPA represents relative length and angle, the geometric properties classically associated with object recognition, but only in the context of large extended surfaces that compose the layout of a scene. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation, we found that the PPA is indeed sensitive to relative length and angle changes in pictures of scenes, but not pictures of objects that reliably elicited responses to the same geometric changes in object-selective cortical regions. Moreover, we found that the OPA is also sensitive to such changes, while the RSC is tolerant to such changes. Thus, the geometric information typically associated with object recognition is also used during some aspects of scene processing. These findings provide evidence that scene-selective cortex differentially represents the geometric properties guiding navigation versus scene categorization.

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Specific Visual Subregions of TPJ Mediate Reorienting of Spatial Attention

Abstract

The temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) has been associated with various cognitive and social functions, and is critical for attentional reorienting. Attention affects early visual processing. Neuroimaging studies dealing with such processes have thus far concentrated on striate and extrastriate areas. Here, we investigated whether attention orienting or reorienting modulate activity in visually driven TPJ subregions. For each observer we identified 3 visually responsive subregions within TPJ: 2 bilateral (vTPJ_ant and vTPJ_post) and 1 right lateralized (vTPJ_cent). Cortical activity in these subregions was measured using fMRI while observers performed a 2-alternative forced-choice orientation discrimination task. Covert spatial endogenous (voluntary) or exogenous (involuntary) attention was manipulated using either a central or a peripheral cue with task, stimuli and observers constant. Both endogenous and exogenous attention increased activity for invalidly cued trials in right vTPJ_post; only endogenous attention increased activity for invalidly cued trials in left vTPJ_post and in right vTPJ_cent; and neither type of attention modulated either right or left vTPJ_ant. These results demonstrate that vTPJ_post and vTPJ_cent mediate the reorientation of covert attention to task relevant stimuli, thus playing a critical role in visual attention. These findings reveal a differential reorienting cortical response after observers' attention has been oriented to a given location voluntarily or involuntarily.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an insidious pathologic condition that can manifest from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis (NASH) with potential progression to cirrhosis. Like the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), NAFLD is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. PCOS women have an increased risk of NAFLD, but it is debatable which features of PCOS, either specific (androgen excess) or unspecific (metabolic derangements) affect the NAFLD risk.

Methods

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that addressed the association of PCOS and NAFLD. We selected 17 studies published between 2007 and 2017 that included 2734 PCOS patients and 2561 controls of similar age and body mass index (BMI).

Results

PCOS patients have increased prevalence of NAFLD (odds ratio 2.54, 95% confidence interval 2.19–2.95). PCOS women with hyperandrogenism (classic phenotype) have a higher prevalence of NAFLD compared to women with PCOS without hyperandrogenism, even after correction for confounding variables. Among women with PCOS, those with NAFLD have higher serum total testosterone (mean difference 0.40 nmol/L, 95% CI 0.29–0.50 nmol/L) and free androgen index (mean difference 4.46, 95% CI 3.53–5.39) than those without NAFLD. The studies that used multivariate analysis controlling for age, BMI, triglycerides, and insulin resistance index confirmed that serum androgens are independent predictors of NAFLD in women with PCOS.

Conclusion

The prevalence of NAFLD is increased in women with PCOS and the presence of NAFLD is associated with high serum androgen levels, in addition to obesity and insulin resistance.

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Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Impact and Implications

Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
Author(s): Lynda Wyld, Isabel T. Rubio

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Molecular mechanisms of human papillomavirus-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer

Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Farhoud Faraji, Munfarid Zaidi, Carole Fakhry, Daria A. Gaykalova
This review examines the general cellular and molecular underpinnings of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related carcinogenesis in the context of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and focuses on HPV-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in areas for which specific data is available. It covers the major pathways dysregulated in HPV-positive HNSCC and the genome-wide changes associated with this disease.

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An insight into the EANM technologist committee benchmark document on nuclear medicine technologists’ competencies

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Is Usutu Virus Ready For Prime Time?

Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Jason A. Tetro
Although considered a neglected tropical disease, the mosquitoborne Usutu virus has demonstrated signs of emergence from Africa to Europe. While human cases are infrequent, the potential for neuroinvasive infection, even in immunocompetent individuals, suggests a need for increased research into virus biology and pathogenesis, as well as rapid measures for diagnosis and environmental surveillance.

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Erratum

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Issue Information - Contents

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Cover Image

The cover image, by Andrew J. Rosko et al., is based on the Case Report Dorsal scapular artery as a recipient vessel in the vessel-depleted neck during free tissue transfer in head and neck reconstruction, DOI: 10.1002/hed.24785.

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Perspectives on the Overall Risks of Living With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Author: Maron, Barry J. MD; Maron, Martin S. MD; Rowin, Ethan J. MD

Page: 2317-2319

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Superimposed effect of ovariectomy on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats

Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017
Source:Alexandria Journal of Medicine
Author(s): Minerva K. Fahmy, Hayam G. Sayyed, Eman A. Abd Elrahim, Rana T.A. Farag
BackgroundEstrogen deprivation in the postmenopausal women plays a critical role in progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).AimThe present study investigated the overlaid effect of ovariectomy on T2DM and the possible underlying mechanism.MaterialsForty female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (10 rats each): sham control, ovariectomized control, sham diabetic and diabetic ovariectomized groups. At the end of experiment, estimation of body weight gain percentage, food intake, fasting blood glucose concentration, and insulin tolerance test were done. Then, rats were euthanized and blood samples were taken for measurement of serum concentration of insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid parameters, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 4, interleukin 10, malondialdehyde and total thiol. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas were done.ResultsThe present study revealed that ovariectomy aggravated the diabetic induced glucose metabolic disturbance as implied by impaired insulin tolerance test, increased insulin resistance alongside lipid dyshomeostasis. These metabolic disturbances might claim to exacerbation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response along with apparent histopathological and immunohistochemical changes on the pancreas.ConclusionWe concluded that metabolic disturbances induced by diabetes might be getting worse after ovariectomy via intensification of oxidative stress and inflammatory state.

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The effect of hippocampal NMDA receptor blockade by MK-801 on cued fear extinction

Publication date: 14 August 2017
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 332
Author(s): Bo Zhang, Chuan-Yu Li, Xiu-Song Wang
Extinction of conditioned fear has been suggested to be a new form of learning instead of erasure of what was originally learned, and the process is NMDA (N-methyl d-aspartate) receptor (NMDAR) dependent. Most of studies have so far revealed the important roles of NMDARs in the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in cued fear extinction. Although the ventral hippocampus has intimately reciprocal connections with the amygdala and mPFC, the role of its NMDARs in cued fear extinction remains unclear. The present experiment explored the issue by bilateral pre-extinction microinjection of the noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist MK-801 into the ventral hippocampus. Four groups of rats were given habituation, tone cued fear conditioning, fear extinction training and extinction test. Prior to extinction training, rats received bilateral infusions of either MK-801 (1.5, 3, or 6μg/0.5μl) or saline. Our results showed that MK-801 reduced freezing on the first trial of extinction training with no impact on within-session acquisition of extinction, and that the lower doses of MK-801 resulted in increased freezing on the extinction retrieval test. These findings suggest that ventral hippocampal NMDARs are necessary for the consolidation of tone cued fear extinction.

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Erratum

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Issue Information - Contents

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Cover Image

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At least eighty percent of brain grey matter is modifiable by physical activity: A review study

Publication date: 14 August 2017
Source:Behavioural Brain Research, Volume 332
Author(s): Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli, Valiallah Saba
The human brain is plastic, i.e. it can show structural changes in response to the altered environment. Physical activity (PA) is a lifestyle factor which has significant associations with the structural and functional aspects of the human brain, as well as with the mind and body health. Many studies have reported regional/global brain volume increments due to exercising; however, a map which shows the overall extent of the influences of PAs on brain structure is not available. In this study, we collected all the reports on brain structural alterations in association with PA in healthy humans, and next, a brain map of the extent of these effects is provided. The results of this study showed that a large network of brain areas, equal to 82% of the total grey matter volume, were associated with PA. This finding has important implications in utilizing PA as a mediator factor for educational purposes in children, rehabilitation applications in patients, improving the cognitive abilities of the human brain such as in learning or memory, and preventing age-related brain deteriorations.

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Prognostic Value of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Testing in Patients With Stable Chest Pain: Insights From the PROMISE Trial (Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain).

Author: Hoffmann, Udo MD, MPH; Ferencik, Maros MD, PhD; Udelson, James E. MD; Picard, Michael H. MD; Truong, Quynh A. MD, MPH; Patel, Manesh R. MD; Huang, Megan PhD; Pencina, Michael PhD; Mark, Daniel B. MD, MPH; Heitner, John F. MD; Fordyce, Christopher B. MD; Pellikka, Patricia A. MD; Tardif, Jean-Claude MD; Budoff, Matthew MD; Nahhas, George MD; Chow, Benjamin MD; Kosinski, Andrzej S. PhD; Lee, Kerry L. PhD; Douglas, Pamela S. MD; on behalf of the PROMISE Investigators

Page: 2320-2332

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New Promises for Refining Risk Stratification From Anatomical and Functional Assessment of Stable Chest Pain.

Author: Shaw, Leslee J. PhD; Mancini, G.B. John MD

Page: 2333-2335

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Loss of Cardioprotective Effects at the ADAMTS7 Locus as a Result of Gene-Smoking Interactions.

Author: Saleheen, Danish MBBS, PhD; Zhao, Wei MSc; Young, Robin PhD; Nelson, Christopher P. PhD; Ho, WeangKee PhD; Ferguson, Jane F. PhD; Rasheed, Asif MBBS; Ou, Kristy BS; Nurnberg, Sylvia T. PhD; Bauer, Robert C. PhD; Goel, Anuj MS; Do, Ron PhD; Stewart, Alexandre F.R. PhD; Hartiala, Jaana PhD; Zhang, Weihua PhD; Thorleifsson, Gudmar PhD; Strawbridge, Rona J. PhD; Sinisalo, Juha PhD; Kanoni, Stavroula PhD; Sedaghat, Sanaz PhD; Marouli, Eirini PhD; Kristiansson, Kati PhD; Hua Zhao, Jing PhD; Scott, Robert PhD; Gauguier, Dominique PhD; Shah, Svati H. MD; Smith, Albert Vernon PhD; van Zuydam, Natalie PhD; Cox, Amanda J. PhD; Willenborg, Christina PhD; Kessler, Thorsten MD; Zeng, Lingyao PhD; Province, Michael A. PhD; Ganna, Andrea PhD; Lind, Lars PhD; Pedersen, Nancy L. PhD; White, Charles C. PhD; Joensuu, Anni MSc; Edi Kleber, Marcus PhD; Hall, Alistair S. PhD; Marz, Winfried PhD; Salomaa, Veikko PhD; O'Donnell, Christopher MD; Ingelsson, Erik PhD; Feitosa, Mary F. PhD; Erdmann, Jeanette PhD; Bowden, Donald W. PhD; Palmer, Colin N.A. PhD; Gudnason, Vilmundur PhD; Faire, Ulf De PhD; Zalloua, Pierre PhD; Wareham, Nicholas PhD; Thompson, John R. PhD; Kuulasmaa, Kari PhD; Dedoussis, George PhD; Perola, Markus PhD; Dehghan, Abbas PhD; Chambers, John C. PhD; Kooner, Jaspal MD; Allayee, Hooman PhD; Deloukas, Panos PhD; McPherson, Ruth PhD; Stefansson, Kari PhD; Schunkert, Heribert MD; Kathiresan, Sekar MD; Farrall, Martin PhD; EPIC-CVD; Marcel Frossard, Philippe DSC; Rader, Daniel J. MD; Samani, Nilesh J. MD; PROMIS; CARDIoGRAMplusC4D; Reilly, Muredach P. MD.

Page: 2336-2353

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Holy Smokes-An Interaction!

Author: Mitchell, Braxton D. MPH, PhD

Page: 2354-2356

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Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory, Frailty, and All-Cause Mortality >80 Years of Age: Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Records.

Author: Ravindrarajah, Rathi PhD; Hazra, Nisha C. MSc; Hamada, Shota DrPH; Charlton, Judith MSc; Jackson, Stephen H.D. MD; Dregan, Alex PhD; Gulliford, Martin C. MA

Page: 2357-2368

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Reverse Causality in Cardiovascular Epidemiological Research: More Common Than Imagined?.

Author: Sattar, Naveed MD, PhD; Preiss, David MD, PhD

Page: 2369-2372

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Causal Associations of Adiposity and Body Fat Distribution With Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke Subtypes, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Author: Dale, Caroline E. PhD *; Fatemifar, Ghazaleh PhD *; Palmer, Tom M. PhD; White, Jon PhD; Prieto-Merino, David PhD; Zabaneh, Delilah PhD; Engmann, Jorgen E.L. MSc; Shah, Tina PhD; Wong, Andrew PhD; Warren, Helen R. PhD; McLachlan, Stela PhD; Trompet, Stella PhD; Moldovan, Max PhD; Morris, Richard W. PhD; Sofat, Reecha MRCP; Kumari, Meena PhD; Hypponen, Elina PhD; Jefferis, Barbara J. PhD; Gaunt, Tom R. PhD; Ben-Shlomo, Yoav PhD; Zhou, Ang PhD; Gentry-Maharaj, Aleksandra PhD; Ryan, Andy PhD; UCLEB Consortium; METASTROKE Consortium; Mutsert, Renee de PhD; Noordam, Raymond PhD; Caulfield, Mark J. MBBS, MD; Jukema, J. Wouter MD, PhD; Worrall, Bradford B. MD, MSc; Munroe, Patricia B. PhD; Menon, Usha FRCOG, MD (Res); Power, Chris PhD; Kuh, Diana PhD; Lawlor, Debbie A. PhD; Humphries, Steve E. PhD; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O. MD, PhD; Sattar, Naveed MD, PhD; Kivimaki, Mika PhD; Price, Jacqueline F. MD; Davey Smith, George DSc; Dudbridge, Frank PhD; Hingorani, Aroon D. MD, PhD; Holmes, Michael V. MD, PhD +; Casas, Juan P. MD, PhD +

Page: 2373-2388

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Ischemic Cerebroprotection Conferred by Myeloid Lineage-Restricted or Global CD39 Transgene Expression.

Author: Baek, Amy E. PhD; Sutton, Nadia R. MD; Petrovic-Djergovic, Danica MD, PhD; Liao, Hui MD; Ray, Jessica J. BA; Park, Joan BA; Kanthi, Yogendra MD; Pinsky, David J. MD

Page: 2389-2402

http://ift.tt/2smLY1V

A MicroRNA93-Interferon Regulatory Factor-9-Immunoresponsive Gene-1-Itaconic Acid Pathway Modulates M2-Like Macrophage Polarization to Revascularize Ischemic Muscle.

Author: Ganta, Vijay Chaitanya PhD; Choi, Min Hyub BS; Kutateladze, Anna BS; Fox, Todd E. PhD; Farber, Charles R. PhD; Annex, Brian H. MD

Page: 2403-2425

http://ift.tt/2sWE5NS

Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome.

Author: Pelliccia, Francesco MD, PhD; Kaski, Juan Carlos MD; Crea, Filippo MD; Camici, Paolo G. MD

Page: 2426-2441

http://ift.tt/2smLWqP

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults and Children With Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Author: Peberdy, Mary Ann MD, FAHA, Co-Chair; Gluck, Jason A. DO, Co-Chair; Ornato, Joseph P. MD, FAHA; Bermudez, Christian A. MD; Griffin, Russell E. LP, FP-C; Kasirajan, Vigneshwar MD; Kerber, Richard E. MD, FAHA +; Lewis, Eldrin F. MD, MPH, FAHA; Link, Mark S. MD; Miller, Corinne RN; Teuteberg, Jeffrey J. MD; Thiagarajan, Ravi MD, MPH; Weiss, Robert M. MD; O'Neil, Brian MD; On behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiopulmonary, Critical Care, Perioperative, and Resuscitation; Council on Cardiovascular Diseases in the Young; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology

Page: e1115-e1134

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From the Literature.

Author: Hampton, Tracy PhD

Page: 2442-2443

http://ift.tt/2smOpli

How Pregnancy Impacts Adult Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Author: Ladouceur, Magalie MD, PhD; Benoit, Louise; Basquin, Adeline MD; Radojevic, Jelena MD; Hauet, Quentin MD; Hascoet, Sebastien MD; Moceri, Pamela MD, PhD; Le Gloan, Laurianne MD; Amedro, Pascal MD, PhD; Lucron, Hugues MD; Richard, Adelaide MD; Gouton, Marielle MD; Nizard, Jacky MD, PhD

Page: 2444-2447

http://ift.tt/2sWhalX

Targeting Cadherin-11 Prevents Notch1-Mediated Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

Author: Clark, Cynthia R. PhD; Bowler, Meghan A. BS; Snider, J. Caleb BS; Merryman, W. David PhD

Page: 2448-2450

http://ift.tt/2smZuma

Letter by Stamler et al Regarding Article, "Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation: Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia".

Author: Stamler, Jonathan S. MD; Reynolds, James D. PhD; Hess, Douglas T. PhD

Page: e1135-e1136

http://ift.tt/2sWkkG4

Response by Bailey to Letter Regarding Article, "Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation: Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia".

Author: Bailey, Damian M. PhD

Page: e1137-e1138

http://ift.tt/2smKNjj

Causal Associations of Adiposity and Body Fat Distribution With Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke Subtypes, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis.

Page: 2373-2388

http://ift.tt/2sW3Bmz

Ischemic Cerebroprotection Conferred by Myeloid Lineage-Restricted or Global CD39 Transgene Expression.

Author: Baek, Amy E. PhD; Sutton, Nadia R. MD; Petrovic-Djergovic, Danica MD, PhD; Liao, Hui MD; Ray, Jessica J. BA; Park, Joan BA; Kanthi, Yogendra MD; Pinsky, David J. MD

Page: 2389-2402

http://ift.tt/2smLY1V

A MicroRNA93-Interferon Regulatory Factor-9-Immunoresponsive Gene-1-Itaconic Acid Pathway Modulates M2-Like Macrophage Polarization to Revascularize Ischemic Muscle.

Author: Ganta, Vijay Chaitanya PhD; Choi, Min Hyub BS; Kutateladze, Anna BS; Fox, Todd E. PhD; Farber, Charles R. PhD; Annex, Brian H. MD

Page: 2403-2425

http://ift.tt/2sWE5NS

Pathophysiology of Takotsubo Syndrome.

Author: Pelliccia, Francesco MD, PhD; Kaski, Juan Carlos MD; Crea, Filippo MD; Camici, Paolo G. MD

Page: 2426-2441

http://ift.tt/2smLWqP

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults and Children With Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Page: e1115-e1134

http://ift.tt/2sWyOWE

From the Literature.

Author: Hampton, Tracy PhD

Page: 2442-2443

http://ift.tt/2smOpli

How Pregnancy Impacts Adult Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: A Multicenter Observational Study.

Page: 2444-2447

http://ift.tt/2sWhalX

Targeting Cadherin-11 Prevents Notch1-Mediated Calcific Aortic Valve Disease.

Author: Clark, Cynthia R. PhD; Bowler, Meghan A. BS; Snider, J. Caleb BS; Merryman, W. David PhD

Page: 2448-2450

http://ift.tt/2smZuma

Letter by Stamler et al Regarding Article, "Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation: Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia".

Author: Stamler, Jonathan S. MD; Reynolds, James D. PhD; Hess, Douglas T. PhD

Page: e1135-e1136

http://ift.tt/2sWkkG4

Response by Bailey to Letter Regarding Article, "Nitrite and S-Nitrosohemoglobin Exchange Across the Human Cerebral and Femoral Circulation: Relationship to Basal and Exercise Blood Flow Responses to Hypoxia".

Author: Bailey, Damian M. PhD

Page: e1137-e1138

http://ift.tt/2smKNjj

Letter by Roozenbeek et al Regarding Article, "Impact of Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging on the Response to Tenecteplase in Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials".

Author: Roozenbeek, Bob MD, PhD; Dippel, Diederik W.J. MD, PhD; Lingsma, Hester F. PhD

Page: e1139-e1140

http://ift.tt/2sWoVrS

Response by Bivard et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Impact of Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging on the Response to Tenecteplase in Ischemic Stroke: Analysis of 2 Randomized Controlled Trials".

Author: Bivard, Andrew PhD; Muir, Keith MD; Parsons, Mark PhD

Page: e1141-e1142

http://ift.tt/2smOp4M

Correction to: Part 9: First Aid: 2015 International Consensus on First Aid Science With Treatment Recommendations.

Author:

Page: e1143

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Ekzemen und Pickeln die Stirn bieten

http://ift.tt/2rcCv9e

Wischen statt blättern!

Was Sie gerade auf Papier gedruckt in den Händen halten, könnten Sie auch online auf Ihrem Tablet lesen, denn ab sofort gibt es Ihre „ästhetische dermatologie & kosmetologie" auch als ePaper: Es steht auf SpringerMedizin.de, dem Fachportal für Ärzte, kostenlos zum Download bereit. Dort finden Sie auch das Archiv der Zeitschrift und noch vieles mehr ...

http://ift.tt/2svyUHl

Molekulare Diagnostik entzündlicher Dermatosen

http://ift.tt/2rczNAB

Radiocesium decontamination of a riverside in Fukushima, Japan

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 177
Author(s): Tatsuhiro Nishikiori, Satoshi Suzuki
Extensive decontamination measures have been implemented in the area affected by the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear disaster. Typical decontamination measures, such as removing topsoil of several centimeters in depth, are not suitable for rivers where contaminated sediments have been deposited. A decontamination measure was tested that considered the spatial distribution of radiocesium at the lower part of a tributary of the Abukuma River in Fukushima. The radiocesium distribution in the flood channel was vertically and horizontally highly heterogeneous. In some parts, the activity concentration was high (>10 kBq/kg for ¹³⁷Cs) even at depths of 25 cm in the sediment. This may be due to plant growth in the flood channel favoring the deposition of sediment with high activity concentration. On the basis of the radiocesium distribution, the flood channel sediment was removed to a depth of 15–35 cm, which accumulated the most radiocesium (>3.0 kBq/kg for the sum of ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs). The upper 5 cm of soil was removed from the dike slopes. The river bed was not decontaminated because the activity concentration was low (<1 kBq/kg) in the river bed sediment and because the water shields gamma rays emitted from the sediment. The test decontamination measure reduced the air dose rate by a factor of approximately two, demonstrating the effectiveness of our measures. Annual external doses were calculated for when this part of the dike and the flood channel is used for commuting to school and outdoor education. The doses during the activities at the test site accounted for only 1–2% of the value during daily life in the surrounding area, indicating that radiation exposure during riverside activities is limited.

http://ift.tt/2rpkfsw

Auslagen

Die im Rahmen von Eingriffen und Operationen anfallenden Material- und Sachkosten werden in der Gebührenordnung für Ärzte (GOÄ) unterschiedlich behandelt. Der Beitrag klärt auf, welche Auslagen in welcher Form abrechenbar sind.

http://ift.tt/2rcqv7V

Analysis of the use of the IAEA rapid method of 89Sr and 90Sr in milk for environmental monitoring

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 177
Author(s): M. Herranz, R. Idoeta, S. Rozas, F. Legarda
Rapid methods that are used during nuclear accidents or incident situations must first be implemented and validated in radioactivity measurement laboratories, so they can be ready to provide quick answers to governments, regulatory organizations and people in such situations. As these accident situations are rare and the methods are thus not frequently used, the best way to achieve this is to use the same methods for both routine environmental monitoring and rapid or emergency situations. Before this can be done, however, an analysis of the conditions under which a rapid method could be effectively used in routine situations should be carried out.This work analyses the performance of the rapid method for the simultaneous determination of ⁸⁹Sr and ⁹⁰Sr in milk, published by the IAEA, and compares it with another, more conventional method used for routine environmental purposes.Through numerical calculations and considering different ⁸⁹Sr and ⁹⁰Sr activities, we also conducted a study to obtain the optimum values for determination parameters – such as sample mass, counting times, time lapse between measurements and background counting times – that will allow the use of the IAEA rapid method as a routine environmental one.

http://ift.tt/2smhDkd

Die neue Medizinprodukteverordnung EU

Spürbare Veränderungen gibt es derzeit im Medizinprodukterecht. Die Europäische Union hat mit der EU-Medizinprodukteverordnung 2017 (MDR) das Rechtsgebiet in wesentlichen Teilen novelliert. Betroffen von den Neuerungen sind in erster Linie die Hersteller von Medizinprodukten. Aber auch Anwender von Medizinprodukten, so auch niedergelassene Ärzte, die in ihrer Praxis Medizinprodukte zum Einsatz bringen, sollten über die neuen Regelungen Bescheid wissen.

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Zwischendurch bemerkt

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Narben wirksam behandeln

http://ift.tt/2rcAJ81

Hautberuhigendes Reinigungserlebnis für Gesicht und Körper

http://ift.tt/2svy8Kk

Dermatologen trafen sich zum zweiten Mal im CityCube in Berlin

Ende April 2017 fand die 49. Tagung der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft (DDG) in Berlin statt. Die Vielzahl der vorgetragenen Themen und die Beteiligung zahlreicher Arbeitsgemeinschaften spiegelt die im Fachbereich vorhandene Innovationskraft wider. Eine Zusammenfassung über neue Ansätze bei der Behandlung der Psoriasis, die Lasertherapie beim malignen Melanom, die Fortschritte in der molekularen Diagnostik entzündlicher Erkrankungen sowie die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Off-Label-Medikation lesen Sie im folgenden Kongressbericht.

http://ift.tt/2svQKtF

Ästhetik-Konzept zur Verbesserung der Hautqualität

http://ift.tt/2rciJL1

Verbesserung in der Therapie von Krampfaderleiden

http://ift.tt/2svDfu9

Therapien jenseits der Zulassung

http://ift.tt/2rciOhN

Schutz vor UV-Strahlung lässt sich offenbar schlucken

Schlucken statt cremen: Karotinoide, wie sie in Tomaten und Grünkohl enthalten sind, schützen die Haut laut Ergebnissen einer Studie womöglich vor Schäden durch Sonnenlicht.

http://ift.tt/2rcCsu4

Photodermatologie

http://ift.tt/2svBnkU

Ungleichgewicht im Mikrobiom

Mikrobiome sind beste Beispiele für gelungene Symbiosen — solang sich kein einzelnes Mitglied der Gemeinschaft in den Vordergrund drängt. Denn dann können sich bis dahin harmlose Kommensalen der Haut zu pathogenen Keimen aufschaukeln und Krankheiten wie Akne oder atopische Dermatitis begünstigen.

http://ift.tt/2rcCty8

Inhaltsverzeichnis

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Hyaluronidase unterstützt die Lokalanästhesie

http://ift.tt/2svTdo9

Supermodels verkörpern Typwandel

Der Modefotograf Peter Lindbergh richtete als Erster den Fokus auf die Persönlichkeit seiner Modelle: Statt menschlicher „Kleiderständer" zeigte er selbstbewusste, ausdrucksstarke Frauen und begründete damit das Supermodels-Phänomen der 1990er-Jahre. Sein ikonisches Werk in Bild und Film ist bis 27. August 2017 in der Kunsthalle München zu sehen.

http://ift.tt/2rcL7N2

„Treat-to-target“ bei Psoriasis?

http://ift.tt/2svYbB8

Fraktioniertes Radiofrequenz-Microneedling

Die anspruchsvolle ästhetische Klientel von heute wünscht sich zur Hautverschönerung weitgehend schmerzfreie Behandlungen ohne große Nebenwirkungen oder lange Downtime, aber mit deutlich sichtbarem Ergebnis. Entsprechend steht der ästhetisch tätige Dermatologe heute vor der Qual der Wahl aus mehreren hunderten Laser-, IPL- und Radiofrequenz-Geräten, die am Markt zur nicht invasiven Hautverbesserung angeboten werden.

http://ift.tt/2rcJZt3

Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The Good and Bad of the “Good Cancer”

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2rcmX5D

Does the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Increase in Thyroid Cancer Survivors?

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2svxGM5

Papillary Thyroid Cancer: The Good and Bad of the “Good Cancer”

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2rcmX5D

Does the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Increase in Thyroid Cancer Survivors?

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2svxGM5

On the Receiving End of Autonomy and Law

http://ift.tt/2shEIDV

Patient‐Driven Second Opinions in Oncology: A Systematic Review

AbstractBackground.Although patient‐driven second opinions are increasingly sought in oncology, the desirability of this trend remains unknown. Therefore, this systematic review assesses evidence on the motivation for and frequency of requests for second opinions and examines how they evolve and their consequences for oncological practice.Materials and Methods.Relevant databases were sought using the terms "cancer," "second opinion," and "self‐initiated." Included were peer‐reviewed articles that reported on patient‐initiated second opinions within oncology. Selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed and discussed by two researchers.Results.Of the 25 included studies, the methodological designs were qualitative (n = 4), mixed (n = 1), or quantitative (n = 20). Study quality was rated high for 10 studies, moderate for eight, and low for seven studies. Reported rates of second opinion seeking ranged from 1%–88%. Higher education was most consistently related to seeking a second opinion. Patients' primary motivations were a perceived need for certainty or confirmation, a lack of trust, dissatisfaction with communication, and/or a need for more (personalized) information. Reported rates of diagnostic or therapeutic discrepancies between the first and second opinions ranged from 2%–51%.Discussion.Additional studies are required to further examine the medical, practical, and psychological consequences of second opinions for patients and oncologists. Future studies could compare the potential advantages and disadvantages of second opinion seeking, and might offer guidance to patients and physicians to better facilitate the second opinion process. Some practical recommendations are provided for oncologists to optimally discuss and conduct second opinions with their patients.Implications for Practice.Although cancer patients increasingly seek a second opinion, the benefits of this process remain unclear. Results of this systematic review suggest that the available studies on this topic are highly variable in both methodology and quality. Moreover, reported rates for a second opinion (1%–88%) as well as for disagreement between the first and second opinion (2%–51%) range widely. The primary motivations of patients are a need for certainty, lack of trust, dissatisfaction with communication, and/or a need for more (personalized) information. Additional research should evaluate how unnecessary second opinions might be avoided. Practical suggestions are provided for oncologists to optimize second opinions.

http://ift.tt/2tfm90c

Psychosocial and Aesthetic Advantages of Reconstruction after Prophylactic Mastectomy: A Quality of Life and Aesthetic Analysis

J reconstr Microsurg
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602785

Background Proper patient counseling regarding reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy (PM) requires greater understanding of quality of life (QoL) and aesthetic outcomes. Our study evaluates these end points using the validated BREAST-Q and Garbay system. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 1,254 mastectomy patients (July 2008 through July 2012). Of those with completed preoperative BREAST-Q and reconstruction with a minimum of 6-month follow-up, 18 underwent bilateral PM (BPM), 36 underwent contralateral PM (CPM), and 30 matched controls were selected who underwent unilateral therapeutic mastectomy (TM) with contralateral symmetry procedure. Preoperative and 6-month postreconstruction BREAST-Q scores were compared within and between groups. Subsequently, aesthetic evaluation of 21 of a group of randomly selected reconstructions (7 TM, 7 CPM, and 7 BPM) was performed by 14 plastic surgery researchers. Potential correlations between aesthetic evaluations and QoL outcomes were examined. Results Demographic characteristics, preoperative satisfaction scores, and postoperative morbidity rates were similar among all three groups. Although reconstruction after BPM was associated with improved aesthetic outcomes (p < 0.001), a significant postoperative increase in satisfaction with breasts was noted only in the TM group (p = 0.006). CPM was associated with improved psychosocial well-being (p = 0.039) in our study. No further significant differences were noted. Conclusion Although BPM with reconstruction is associated with higher aesthetic outcomes compared with CPM or TM, QoL is not significantly increased. Reconstruction after CPM, but not BPM, is associated with increased psychosocial well-being. These valuable findings should be taken into account during preoperative counseling regarding elective PMs.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2s4TcF0

The innovative concept of three-dimensional hybrid receptor modeling

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 164
Author(s): A. Stojić, S. Stanišić Stojić
The aim of this study was to improve the current understanding of air pollution transport processes at regional and long-range scale. For this purpose, three-dimensional (3D) potential source contribution function and concentration weighted trajectory models, as well as new hybrid receptor model, concentration weighted boundary layer (CWBL), which uses a two-dimensional grid and a planetary boundary layer height as a frame of reference, are presented. The refined approach to hybrid receptor modeling has two advantages. At first, it considers whether each trajectory endpoint meets the inclusion criteria based on planetary boundary layer height, which is expected to provide a more realistic representation of the spatial distribution of emission sources and pollutant transport pathways. Secondly, it includes pollutant time series preprocessing to make hybrid receptor models more applicable for suburban and urban locations. The 3D hybrid receptor models presented herein are designed to identify altitude distribution of potential sources, whereas CWBL can be used for analyzing the vertical distribution of pollutant concentrations along the transport pathway.

http://ift.tt/2s4zr0m

Simulated nutrient dissolution of Asian aerosols in various atmospheric waters: Potential links to marine primary productivity

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 164
Author(s): Lingyan Wang, Yanfeng Bi, Guosen Zhang, Sumei Liu, Jing Zhang, Zhaomeng Xu, Jingling Ren, Guiling Zhang
To probe the bioavailability and environmental mobility of aerosol nutrient elements (N, P, Si) in atmospheric water (rainwater, cloud and fog droplets), ten total suspended particulate (TSP) samples were collected at Fulong Mountain, Qingdao from prevailing air mass trajectory sources during four seasons. Then, a high time-resolution leaching experiment with simulated non-acidic atmospheric water (non-AAW, Milli-Q water, pH 5.5) and subsequently acidic atmospheric water (AAW, hydrochloric acid solution, pH 2) was performed. We found that regardless of the season or source, a monotonous decreasing pattern was observed in the dissolution of N, P and Si compounds in aerosols reacted with non-AAW, and the accumulated dissolved curves of P and Si fit a first-order kinetic model. No additional NO3⁻ + NO2⁻ dissolved out, while a small amount of NH4⁺ in Asian dust (AD) samples was released in AAW. The similar dissolution behaviour of P and Si from non-AAW to AAW can be explained by the Transition State Theory. The sources of aerosols related to various minerals were the natural reasons that affected the amounts of bioavailable phosphorus and silicon in aerosols (i.e., solubility), which can be explained by the dissolution rate constant of P and Si in non-AAW with lower values in mineral aerosols. The acid/particle ratio and particle/liquid ratio also have a large effect on the solubility of P and Si, which was implied by Pearson correlation analysis. Acid processing of aerosols may have great significance for marine areas with limited P and Si and post-acidification release increases of 1.1–10-fold for phosphorus and 1.2–29-fold for silicon. The decreasing mole ratio of P and Si in AAW indicates the possibility of shifting from a Si-limit to a P-limit in aerosols in the ocean, which promotes the growth of diatoms prior to other algal species.

http://ift.tt/2rkj6at

Effects of industrial and agricultural waste amendment on soil greenhouse gas production in a paddy field in Southeastern China

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 164
Author(s): Weiqi Wang, Suvadip Neogi, Derrick Y.F. Lai, Congsheng Zeng, Chun Wang, Dongping Zeng
Controlling the production and subsequent emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from paddy fields is crucial to minimize the climatic impacts arising from crop production. The application of chemical or biological amendments is one possible way to limit the production of GHGs in paddy soils. Yet, few existing studies have examined the impacts of applying fertilizers originated from industrial and agricultural wastes on soil GHG production and its governing factors in subtropical paddy fields. In this study, we examined the effects of various agricultural and industrial amendments, including biochar, steel slag, shell slag, gypsum slag, and slag-derived silicate and calcium fertilizers, on the production potential of GHGs in an early paddy field in southeast China. The mean CO2 production rates from soils amended with steel slag as well as silicate and calcium fertilizers were significantly higher than those of the controls by 13.4% and 18.6%, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean soil CH4 production rates from the plots amended with steel slag, biochar, shell slag, and gypsum slag were significantly lower than those of the controls by 42.5%, 36.1%, 60.8%, and 61.8%, respectively (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, we found no significant difference in mean soil N2O production rates between the control and any of the treatments (P > 0.05). Overall, the soil production rate of CO2 was positively correlated with that of CH4 (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with that of N2O (P < 0.05). When compared to the controls, the ratio of soil CO2:CH4 production increased significantly in the plots receiving biochar, and silicate and calcium fertilizer amendments (P < 0.05), while that of CO2:N2O production increased significantly only in the biochar-amended plots. Soil CH4:N2O production ratio decreased significantly in the plots amended with steel slag and gypsum slag, as compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the application of biochar, shell slag and gypsum slag would help reduce greenhouse gas production and mitigate climate change impacts of rice cultivation, largely attributable to the reduction in methanogenesis.

http://ift.tt/2rkZfrN

Topographically-controlled site conditions drive vegetation pattern on inland dunes in Poland

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 82
Author(s): Piotr Sewerniak, Michał Jankowski
The inland dunes of Central Europe are commonly overplanted by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) monocultures in which the primary occurrence of the natural vegetation pattern is obliterated. We hypothesize that on naturally revegetated inland dunes the pattern is clear and driven by topographically-controlled site conditions. To test this hypothesis, we addressed the following research questions: (1) Does topography drive vegetation patterns on inland dunes and if so, what are main differences between vegetation in varying relief positions? (2) To what extent does topography involve the variability of microclimates and of soil properties, and how does the topographically-induced differentiation of these site conditions control vegetation patterns? We conducted interdisciplinary studies (applying floristic, pedological and microclimatic research techniques) on a naturally revegetated inland dune area situated on a military artillery training ground near Toruń, northern Poland. We investigated vegetation patterns with reference to three topographical position variants (north-facing slopes, south-facing slopes, and intra-dune depressions). We found distinct differences in vegetation characteristics covering the aforementioned topographical positions. This primarily concerned species composition of ground vegetation: Calluna vulgaris was dominant species on north-facing slopes, Corynephorus canescens on south-facing slopes, while Calamagrostis epigejos in intra-dune depressions. In comparison to dune slopes, the depressions were characterized by much higher biodiversity of vascular plant species. This followed the most favorable soil conditions for the existence of plants (higher moisture and nutrient pools) occurring in low topographical positions. However, tree succession was most advanced not in depressions, where the competitive impact of tall grasses on seedlings was recognized, but on north-facing slopes. Based on our results, we formulated some suggestions, which could be useful for both practical foresters to increase biodiversity of ecosystems and for practices that work on the fixation of dunes by restoring vegetation.

http://ift.tt/2svgczz

Effects of temporally biased watering on the nitrogen response of Chenopodium album

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 82
Author(s): Toshihiko Kinugasa, Yumi Hozumi
Plant growth responses to an increasing N deposition are stimulated by an increase in annual precipitation, but such a stimulation has not always been found. We hypothesized that the effect of precipitation on plant N responses can change with temporally biased precipitation: a plant N response will be suppressed when precipitation is lower in the late growing period because larger plants are more susceptible to water limitations. We grew Chenopodium album under a high and low N application level with three watering patterns while maintaining the total supplied watering amount during the experimental period: constant watering, low watering in the first period and high watering in the latter period, and high watering in the first period and low watering in the latter period. The watering pattern did not affect plant dry mass under low N conditions. The plant dry mass under high N conditions was reduced by low watering in the first period, but the reduction was fully compensated in the subsequent high watering period by the stimulation of photosynthesis. Low watering following high watering under high N conditions did not suppress plant growth, but partial leaf wilting was observed at the end of the experimental period. Finally, at the end of the experiment, the response of plant dry mass to N was not different among the watering patterns. We concluded that a plant's response to increasing N deposition could be affected by temporally biased precipitation, depending on the scale of the precipitation bias and the ability of the plant to compensate or mitigate growth inhibition due to a water deficit. Precipitation deficits later in the growing period may be more detrimental to plant growth and can reduce plant responses to an increasing N deposition.

http://ift.tt/2rcgwzk

Distress and everyday problems in Dutch mothers and fathers of young adolescents with Down syndrome

Publication date: August 2017
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 67
Author(s): Jan Pieter Marchal, Hedy A. van Oers, Heleen Maurice-Stam, Martha A. Grootenhuis, A.S. Paul van Trotsenburg, Lotte Haverman
BackgroundTo provide targeted support to parents of children with DS, knowledge of their distress and everyday problems is crucial. For this purpose, psychosocial screening instruments can be a valuable addition to routine clinical practice.AimsTo determine differences on a psychosocial screener concerning distress and everyday problems in parents of young adolescents (YAs) with DS versus control parents and in mothers of YAs with DS versus fathers.Methods and proceduresWe compared outcomes of the Distress Thermometer for Parents in 76 mothers and 44 fathers of 11–13-year-olds with DS versus 64 mothers and 52 fathers of age-matched children without DS (comparing mothers and fathers separately). Additionally, we compared mothers and fathers within 34 parent couples of YAs with DS.Outcomes and resultsClinical distress was not more frequent than in control parents. Mothers further did not report more everyday problems and only differed from their controls on one problem domain and some problem items. Fathers, however, reported more problems than their controls across most domains and wished to talk to a professional about their situation more frequently. Outcomes in mothers and fathers within parent couples did not differ significantly.Conclusions and implicationsThis is one of few studies to report on the use of psychosocial screening instruments in parents of children with DS. Our results suggested that attention for fathers of YAs with DS is required. Psychosocial screening instruments that inquire about specific problems and the wish for referral can play an important role in achieving this.

http://ift.tt/2smASdF

Tinnitus alters resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in human auditory and non-auditory brain regions as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

by Juan San Juan, Xiao-Su Hu, Mohamad Issa, Silvia Bisconti, Ioulia Kovelman, Paul Kileny, Gregory Basura

Tinnitus, or phantom sound perception, leads to increased spontaneous neural firing rates and enhanced synchrony in central auditory circuits in animal models. These putative physiologic correlates of tinnitus to date have not been well translated in the brain of the human tinnitus sufferer. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) we recently showed that tinnitus in humans leads to maintained hemodynamic activity in auditory and adjacent, non-auditory cortices. Here we used fNIRS technology to investigate changes in resting state functional connectivity between human auditory and non-auditory brain regions in normal-hearing, bilateral subjective tinnitus and controls before and after auditory stimulation. Hemodynamic activity was monitored over the region of interest (primary auditory cortex) and non-region of interest (adjacent non-auditory cortices) and functional brain connectivity was measured during a 60-second baseline/period of silence before and after a passive auditory challenge consisting of alternating pure tones (750 and 8000Hz), broadband noise and silence. Functional connectivity was measured between all channel-pairs. Prior to stimulation, connectivity of the region of interest to the temporal and fronto-temporal region was decreased in tinnitus participants compared to controls. Overall, connectivity in tinnitus was differentially altered as compared to controls following sound stimulation. Enhanced connectivity was seen in both auditory and non-auditory regions in the tinnitus brain, while controls showed a decrease in connectivity following sound stimulation. In tinnitus, the strength of connectivity was increased between auditory cortex and fronto-temporal, fronto-parietal, temporal, occipito-temporal and occipital cortices. Together these data suggest that central auditory and non-auditory brain regions are modified in tinnitus and that resting functional connectivity measured by fNIRS technology may contribute to conscious phantom sound perception and potentially serve as an objective measure of central neural pathology.

http://ift.tt/2sucGWp

Tinnitus alters resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in human auditory and non-auditory brain regions as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)

by Juan San Juan, Xiao-Su Hu, Mohamad Issa, Silvia Bisconti, Ioulia Kovelman, Paul Kileny, Gregory Basura

Phonochirurgie – eine retrospektive Analyse von 400 Eingriffen

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-110859

Einleitung Stimmstörungen sind u. a. durch Pseudotumore der Stimmlippen oder durch Stimmlippenparesen mit inkomplettem Glottisschluss bedingt und können eine phonochirurgische Therapie erfordern. Es sollten derartige Eingriffe hinsichtlich postoperativem Stimmergebnis und Sicherheit des Verfahrens analysiert werden. Methode Im Rahmen einer retrospektiven Analyse von 400 konsekutiven phonochirurgischen Eingriffen wurden folgende Parameter erfasst: Verteilung der Pathologien, Einschätzung der Stimmqualität 6 Wochen nach dem chirurgischen Eingriff im Vergleich zu präoperativ durch den Patienten und Untersucher (RBH-System), Videolaryngostroboskopie, Komplikationen und histologisches Ergebnis. Ergebnisse Im Kollektiv dominierten Stimmlippenpolypen (36 %), -zysten (12 %) und -paresen (10 %). Nach dem Eingriff verbesserte sich die Stimmqualität in 90 % der Fälle.Bei 14 % war aufgrund einer Fehlkompensation eine postoperative Stimmtherapie erforderlich. Nach einer Stimmlippenaugmentation entwickelten sich je in einem Fall ein Larynxödem und eine temporäre Stimmlippenparese der Gegenseite. Die histologische Aufarbeitung erbrachte als Zufallsbefund einen malignen osteoklastären Riesenzelltumor, einen Granularzelltumor und ein Carcinoma in situ der Stimmlippe, welche einer weiterführenden chirurgischen Behandlung und Kontrollen zugeführt werden musste. Diskussion Die mikrolaryngoskopische Phonochirurgie ist ein sicheres und effektives Therapieverfahren. Die histologische Aufarbeitung ist auch bei makroskopisch primär unsuspekten Tumoren sinnvoll, damit seltene Tumorentitäten oder Malignome nicht übersehen werden. Eine postoperative Observation ist zur frühzeitigen Erkennung und Behandlung von Komplikationen wie Larynxschwellung oder Stimmlippenparese anzuraten.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Umgang und Aufbereitung semikritischer Medizinprodukte in der HNO – eine prospektive Studie

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-110858

Zahlreiche Gesetze, Vorgaben, Richtlinien und Empfehlungen regeln und beeinflussen den Umgang und die Aufbereitung semikritischer Medizinprodukte in der HNO. Obwohl als vorrangig zu verwenden charakterisiert, wird nach wie vor in den meisten HNO-Kliniken und Praxen aus Kosten- und Praktikabilitätsgründen die manuelle der maschinellen Aufbereitung vorgezogen. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein optimiertes Hygienekonzept erstellt. Es fand eine Bedarfsanalyse starrer Endoskope und des HNO-Instrumentariums bei ausschließlich maschineller Aufbereitung statt. Erstmals wurden zudem patientenferne Tätigkeiten im Rahmen der Patientenuntersuchung zeitlich untersucht. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass patientenferne Tätigkeiten im Umgang mit dem HNO-Instrumentarium einen erheblichen Zeit- und damit auch Kostenfaktor in der Patientenversorgung darstellen. Die nötigen Investitionen für eine rein maschinelle Aufbereitung des Instrumentariums und ins Besondere starrer Endoskope sind erheblich, da die Durchlaufzeit und damit die Anzahl an vorzuhaltenden Endoskopen sehr hoch ist.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2rUdvGO

Umgang und Aufbereitung semikritischer Medizinprodukte in der HNO – eine prospektive Studie

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-110858

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2rUdvGO

Phonochirurgie – eine retrospektive Analyse von 400 Eingriffen

Laryngo-Rhino-Otol
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-110859

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2roXqFn

JS-K, a GST-activated nitric oxide donor prodrug, enhances chemo-sensitivity in renal carcinoma cells and prevents cardiac myocytes toxicity induced by Doxorubicin

Abstract

Purpose

Doxorubicin, a highly effective and widely used anthracycline antibiotic in multiple chemotherapy regimens, has been limited by its cardiotoxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of nitric oxide donor prodrug JS-K on proliferation and apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells and cardiac myocytes toxicity induced by Doxorubicin and to explore possible p53-related mechanism in renal carcinoma cells.

Methods

The effect of JS-K on anti-cancer activity of Doxorubicin was investigated in renal carcinoma cells via detecting cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, cell death and apoptosis and expressions of apoptotic-related proteins. Effect of p53 on the combination of JS-K and Doxorubicin was determined using p53 inhibitor Pifithrin-α and p53 activator III. Furthermore, the effect of JS-K on cardiac myocytes toxicity of Doxorubicin was investigated in H9c2 (2-1) cardiac myocytes via measuring cell growth, cell death and apoptosis, expressions of proteins involved in apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species.

Results

We demonstrated that JS-K could increase Doxorubicin-induced renal carcinoma cell growth suppression and apoptosis and could increase expressions of proteins that are involved in apoptosis. Additionally, Pifithrin-α reversed the promoting effect of JS-K on Doxorubicin-induced renal carcinoma cell apoptosis; conversely, the p53 activator III exacerbated the promoting effect of JS-K on Doxorubicin-induced renal carcinoma cell apoptosis. Furthermore, JS-K protected H9c2 (2-1) cardiac myocytes against Doxorubicin-induced toxicity and decreased Doxorubicin-induced reactive oxygen species production.

Conclusions

JS-K enhances the anti-cancer activity of Doxorubicin in renal carcinoma cells by upregulating p53 expression and prevents cardiac myocytes toxicity of Doxorubicin by decreasing oxidative stress.

http://ift.tt/2s4Dwl1

Psychological Impact of Facial Trauma

Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603464

Examination of the mental state of patients suffering from facial trauma is rarely ever recorded, let alone screening them for posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSDs) or generalized anxiety disorder. Providing early support to the patient in light of such psychological conditions can improve the overall quality of life. The aim of this study was to perform a literature review to assess the relation of mental state disorders to facial trauma in terms of their prevalence, assess screening methodology, and also to evaluate the prognosis of individuals subjected to psychological intervention/screening at an early stage of clinical examination. Research databases such as ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline were searched using the keywords "psychological trauma," "facial trauma," and "PTSD." Only meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and original research articles in the English language were included in the study. Correspondence to journal editors and clinician opinions were excluded from the study. Out of a total of 459 results, only 8 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of the study. The literature review showed that patients suffering from orofacial trauma had significantly increased levels of mental state disorders such as PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder, more so in victims of assault. The results of this literature review clearly point toward an increased prevalence of mental state disorders in patients suffering from facial trauma, which warrants for early intervention in this regard to improve the quality of life of these patients.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Endoscopic-Assisted Intraoral Open Reduction Internal Fixation of Mandibular Subcondylar Fractures: Initial Experiences from a Tertiary-Care Maxillofacial Center in India

Cranial Maxillofac Trauma Reconstruction
DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1603457

Management of condylar fractures is a highly controversial and debatable area. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using an extraoral approach has certain benefits over the nonsurgical treatment. Risk of damage to the facial nerve and an extraoral scar remains constant deterrents. An endoscopic-assisted ORIF offers an intraoral approach, thus eliminating consequences such as scarring. Though this technique offers unparalleled advantages, it is associated with a steep learning curve. Surgical results improve only with patience and experience. Patients with condylar fractures reported to SDM Craniofacial Unit, Dharwad, India, from 2013 to 2015 are included. Patients were treated with endoscopic-assisted ORIF and were evaluated for functional outcomes that included occlusion, maximal interincisal opening, and deviation of mouth and complications such as facial nerve pareses, postsurgical infection, and morbidity. Fifteen patients included in the study: 4 left sided and 11 right sided fractures. Nine patients had associated other mandibular fracture. Mean age of the patients was 28.2 years. Mean mouth opening at the end of 1 week, 6 weeks, and 6 months was 32.6, 37.8, and 40.5 mm, respectively. Transient facial nerve pareses were noted in one patient, and an extraoral draining sinus was noted in another. Endoscopic-assisted ORIF has a definite scope in management of condylar fractures. Results are more predictable with appropriate case selection due to a steep learning curve and intraoperative technical challenges. An initial experience in ORIF using extraoral approaches would greatly benefit a surgeon in utilizing this novel and alternate tool.
[...]

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text

http://ift.tt/2rbXl8Z

Prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

by Ji Li, Ping Wang, Youliang Xu

Background

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was reported to be correlated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and the survival of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) remains inconclusive. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the prognostic value of PD-L1 in HNC patients using meta-analysis techniques.

Methods

A comprehensive database searching was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to August 2016. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by STATA 11.0 for the outcome of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Results

A total of 17 studies with 2,869 HNC patients were included in the meta-analysis. The results of meta-analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and OS (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.99–1.53; P = 0.065) or DFS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.00–2.03; P = 0.052) of HNC patients. However, the subgroup analysis suggested that positive expression of PD-L1 was associated with poor OS (HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12, 1.70; P = 0.003) and DFS (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.59, 2.48; P = 0.001) in HNC patients from Asian countries/regions. The subgroup analysis also showed that the correlations between PD-L1 and prognosis are variant among different subtypes of HNC. When performing sensitive analyses, we found that the results of meta-analyses were not robust.

Conclusion

The meta-analysis indicated that positive expression of PD-L1 could serve as a good predictor for poor prognosis of Asian patients with HNC. However, the findings still need to be confirmed by large-scale, prospective studies.

http://ift.tt/2rjhXjt

Prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

by Ji Li, Ping Wang, Youliang Xu

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

http://ift.tt/2rjhXjt

Stanford Professor Peter Koltai to Speak at ORL Frontiers 2017

Peter J. Koltai, MD will be the guest speaker at Otorhinolaryngology Frontiers 2017, which highlights research endeavors and emerging technology... Read the full article...

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Laryngotracheal Reconstruction: A Long-awaited Resolution for Jayda Hector

Pediatric otolaryngologist Sancak Yuksel, MD has provided care for Jayda Hector since shortly after she was born in October 2010... Read the full article...

http://ift.tt/2sVK05Q

Dr. Michael Byrd Named Chief of Surgery

Michael Byrd, MD has been elected chief of surgery at Memorial Hermann Southeast Hospital, a 274-bed facility serving families in... Read the full article...

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Dr. Ibrahim Alava Recognized as a Texas Super Doctors Rising Star

Ibrahim "Trey" Alava, MD, an assistant professor in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery at McGovern Medical School at... Read the full article...

http://ift.tt/2sVC2cX

Your help changes the future of thyroid disease – Make a spring donation to the ATA!

This spring, we would like to extend a note of thanks to all the Friends of the American Thyroid Association (ATA.) We are grateful that you have chosen to be part of the ATA community.

It is our mission and privilege to provide reliable thyroid education and awareness information, patient care resources, and research grants to help you and all those patients and families who seek answers, information, and guidance on thyroid conditions and treatments. Read more

The post Your help changes the future of thyroid disease – Make a spring donation to the ATA! appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

http://ift.tt/2temLmQ

Your help changes the future of thyroid disease – Make a spring donation to the ATA!

This spring, we would like to extend a note of thanks to all the Friends of the American Thyroid Association (ATA.) We are grateful that you have chosen to be part of the ATA community.

The post Your help changes the future of thyroid disease – Make a spring donation to the ATA! appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

http://ift.tt/2temLmQ

A case of cystic type intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct diagnosed by SpyGlass DS, a novel peroral cholangioscopy

Publication date: Available online 12 June 2017
Source:Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
Author(s): Takeshi Kuwada, Masahiro Shiokawa, Norimitsu Uza, Yuzo Kodama

http://ift.tt/2slS5Uc

The G-BHQ synergistic effect: Improved double quenching molecular beacons based on guanine and Black Hole Quencher for sensitive simultaneous detection of two DNAs

Publication date: 1 November 2017
Source:Talanta, Volume 174
Author(s): Dongshan Xiang, Fengquan Li, Chenyi Wu, Boan Shi, Kun Zhai
We designed two double quenching molecular beacons (MBs) with simple structure based on guanine (G base) and Black Hole Quencher (BHQ), and developed a new analytical method for sensitive simultaneous detection of two DNAs by synchronous fluorescence analysis. In this analytical method, carboxyl fluorescein (FAM) and tetramethyl-6-carboxyrhodamine (TAMRA) were respectively selected as fluorophore of two MBs, Black Hole Quencher 1 (BHQ-1) and Black Hole Quencher 2 (BHQ-2) were respectively selected as organic quencher, and three continuous nucleotides with G base were connected to organic quencher (BHQ-1 and BHQ-2). In the presence of target DNAs, the two MBs hybridize with the corresponding target DNAs, the fluorophores are separated from organic quenchers and G bases, leading to recovery of fluorescence of FAM and TAMRA. Under a certain conditions, the fluorescence intensities of FAM and TAMRA all exhibited good linear dependence on their concentration of target DNAs (T1 and T2) in the range from 4 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 4 × 10⁻⁸molL⁻¹ (M). The detection limit (3σ, n = 13) of T1 was 3 × 10⁻¹⁰M and that of T2 was 2×10⁻¹⁰M, respectively. Compared with the existing analysis methods for multiplex DNA with MBs, this proposed method based on double quenching MBs is not only low fluorescence background, short analytical time and low detection cost, but also easy synthesis and good stability of MB probes.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2rklOgj

Application of headspace and direct immersion solid-phase microextraction in the analysis of organothiophosphates related to the Chemical Weapons Convention from water and complex matrices

Publication date: 1 November 2017
Source:Talanta, Volume 174
Author(s): Marc André Althoff, Andreas Bertsch, Manfred Metzulat, Thomas M. Klapötke, Konstantin L. Karaghiosoff
The successful application of headspace (HS) and direct immersion (DI) solid phase microextraction (SPME) for the unambiguous identification and characterization of a series of toxic thiophosphate esters, such as Amiton (I), from aqueous phases and complex matrices (e.g. grass and foliage) has been demonstrated. A Thermo Scientific gas chromatograph (GC) – tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) system with a TriPlus RSH® autosampler and a SPME tool was used to investigate the effect of different parameters that influence the extraction efficiency: e.g. pH of the sample matrix and extraction temperature.The developed methods were employed for the detection of several Amiton derivatives (Schedule II of the CWC) that are structurally closely related to each other; some of which are new and have not been reported in literature previously. In addition, a novel DI SPME method from complex matrices for the analysis of organophosphates related to the CWC was developed. The studies clearly show that DI SPME for complex matrices is superior to HS extraction and can potentially be applied to other related compounds controlled under the CWC.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2rkbchi

The Gut: A Key to the Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes?

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2teH5o4

Re: “Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 and Pericardial Fat in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” by Bayomi et al. (Metab Syndr Relat Disord DOI:10:1089/met.2017.0031)

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2sgP32U

Thymic large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma – a rare and aggressive tumor: a case report

Neuroendocrine tumors are a large group of tumors with a wide spectrum of behavior, affecting mainly the digestive system and the lung. The thymus is very rarely affected.

http://ift.tt/2rjT2fR

Diagnostic Value of Circulating microRNA-95 and -190 in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: A Validation Study in 1000 Consecutive Patients

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2s48FFk

Diagnostic Value of Circulating microRNA-95 and -190 in the Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules: A Validation Study in 1000 Consecutive Patients

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.

http://ift.tt/2s48FFk

Impaired body perception in developmental prosopagnosia

Publication date: August 2017
Source:Cortex, Volume 93
Author(s): Federica Biotti, Katie L.H. Gray, Richard Cook
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder associated with difficulties recognising and discriminating faces. In some cases, the perceptual deficits seen in DP appear to be face-specific. However, DP is known to be a heterogeneous condition, and many cases undoubtedly exhibit impaired perception of other complex objects. There are several well-documented parallels between body and face perception; for example, faces and bodies are both thought to recruit holistic analysis and engage similar regions of visual cortex. In light of these similarities, individuals who exhibit face perception deficits, possibly due to impaired holistic processing or aberrant white matter connectivity, might also show co-occurring deficits of body perception. The present study therefore sought to investigate body perception in DP using a sensitive delayed match-to-sample task and a sizeable group of DPs. To determine whether body perception deficits, where observed, co-vary with wider object recognition deficits, observers' face and body matching ability was compared with performance in a car matching condition. Relative to age-matched controls, the DP sample exhibited impaired body matching accuracy at the group level, and several members of the sample were impaired at the single-case level. Consistent with previous reports of wider object recognition difficulties, a number of the DPs also showed evidence of impaired car recognition.

http://ift.tt/2sVFOmA

Prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients with head and neck cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

by Ji Li, Ping Wang, Youliang Xu

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

http://ift.tt/2rjhXjt

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

! # Ola via Alexandros G.Sfakianakis on Inoreader

Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Δευτέρα 12 Ιουνίου 2017

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