The transcriptional regulator network of human inflammatory macrophages is defined by open chromatin

The transcriptional regulator network of human inflammatory macrophages is defined by open chromatin

Cell Research advance online publication, January 5 2016. doi:10.1038/cr.2016.1

Authors: Susanne V Schmidt, Wolfgang Krebs, Thomas Ulas, Jia Xue, Kevin Baßler, Patrick Günther, Anna-Lena Hardt, Hartmut Schultze, Jil Sander, Kathrin Klee, Heidi Theis, Michael Kraut, Marc Beyer & Joachim L Schultze

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Blind boy learns to ‘see’ with technique used by BATS: Ruben, 8, clicks his … – Daily Mail

Daily Mail

Blind boy learns to 'see' with technique used by BATS: Ruben, 8, clicks his … Daily Mail Mr Kish has been practising echolocation since he was a child, after being blinded at just 13 months old by an aggressive form of eye cancer – and his talent has earnt him the nickname Batman. He has helped hundreds of blind people worldwide live more …

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Deficiencies in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Childhood

Limited high-quality evidence supports the management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To assess our institutional performance in this area, we retrospectively reviewed IDA treatment practices in 195 consecutive children referred to our center from 2006 to mid-2010. The majority of children were ≤4 years old (64%) and had nutritional IDA (74%). In 11- to 18-year-old patients (31%), the primary etiology was menorrhagia (42%). Many were referred directly to the emergency department and/or prescribed iron doses outside the recommended range. Poor medication adherence and being lost-to-follow-up were common. Substantial improvements are required in the management of IDA.

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Sinus of Valsalva Sclerosis is Associated with Conduction Abnormalities on 12-Lead Standard ECG

The post Sinus of Valsalva Sclerosis is Associated with Conduction Abnormalities on 12-Lead Standard ECG appeared first on Welcome to Avens.

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Morphology and morphometry of lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids

Abstract

The lateral atlantoaxial joints contain folds of synovium termed meniscoids that may potentially contribute to cervical spine pain; however, the anatomy of these structures has not been comprehensively investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the morphology and morphometry of lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoids. Twelve cadaveric hemi-spines (6 female; 6 left; mean 81.5 years, SD 7.3) were obtained for dissection and disarticulation of the lateral atlantoaxial joints. Meniscoids were identified and measurements made of surface area, length, and surrounding articular cartilage degeneration. Tissue was sectioned sagittally, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined by light microscopy. Data were analyzed descriptively and using nonparametric techniques. Ventral and dorsal meniscoids (24 in total) were found in each joint, and could be classified histologically into adipose (32 %), fibrous (41 %), and fibroadipose (27 %) meniscoids. No significant associations were found between meniscoid size and age, histology, cartilage degeneration, or joint position. Meniscoid length in males was significantly greater than in females (P = 0.04). Fibrous meniscoids were noted to be associated with articular cartilage degeneration, and adipose and fibroadipose meniscoids with intact cartilage (P = 0.05). Fibrous meniscoids tended to be located dorsally (78 %), whereas adipose meniscoids were mostly located ventrally (86 %). Distinct patterns in lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoid morphology were observed, including the association of fibrous meniscoid composition with dorsal joint position and articular cartilage degeneration. The clinical significance of these patterns remains uncertain, and further research is needed to examine these structures across the lifespan and in cervical pathology.

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The superior mesenteric artery and the variations of the colic patterns. A new anatomical and radiological classification of the colic arteries

Abstract

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) supplies irrigation to the small intestine, ascending and a variable area of the transverse colon. Although medical imaging and surgical procedures have been widely developed in the last decades, the anatomy of the SMA using advanced imaging technology remains to be elucidated. Previous studies have used small sample sizes of cadaveric or radiological samples to propose a number of classifications for the SMA. In this study, we aimed to provide a more detailed description and useful classification of the SMA and its main branches [middle colic artery (MCA), right colic artery (RCA), and ileocolic artery (ICA)]. Samples (n = 50, 28 males and 22 females) were obtained from the repository of human cadavers located at the Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Complutense University of Madrid. This sample was dissected by preclinical medical students and completed by two of the authors (Gamo and Jiménez). A second set of samples was obtained from a bank of computerized tomography (CT) (560 CTs, 399 males and 161 females) collected by the Radiology Department at the Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Spain. Based on the results obtained from these studies, we propose a new classification of four patterns for the SMA anatomy. Pattern I as the independent origin of the three main branches of the SMA (cadaveric 40 %; CT 73.69 %); Pattern II is subdivided in three sub-patterns based on the common trunks of origin: Pattern IIa, common trunk between RCA and MCA (cadaveric 20 %, CT 4.28 %); Pattern IIb, common trunk between RCA and ICA (cadaveric 32 %, CT 15 %); Pattern IIc, common trunk for the three main branches (cadaveric 0 %, CT 0.35 %); Pattern III, as the absence of RCA (cadaveric 8 %; CT 2.32 %) and Pattern IV, based on presence of accessory arteries (not found in any of the samples). Although the independent origin of the three colic arteries have been classically described as the most frequent, the right colic artery is responsible of major variations.

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Gross anatomical classification of the courses of the human sublingual artery

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to classify the courses of the human sublingual artery. For this purpose, the arteries supplying the floor of the mouth and the tongue were gross anatomically investigated using 101 sides of 53 cadavers. The courses were divided into three categories: those passing medial or lateral to the hyoglossus (categories M and L) and that piercing the mylohyoid (category P); they were subdivided into five types. Category M had one type, regarded as the usual one, in which the lingual artery took the usual pattern of distribution. Categories L and P, in which the sublingual artery arose from the facial or submental artery, had the respective two types and were collectively regarded as the unusual type. Sixty-one and 36 of the 101 sides were of the usual and unusual types, respectively, the latter of which included 17 of category L and 19 of category P. The remaining four were variations of the lingual artery itself. On examining the types by gender, the usual type was more often found in females (75.6 %), whereas the unusual type was more often found in males (48.1 %). Bilateral occurrence of the same type was often found in both the usual type (77.4 %) and the unusual type (65.0 %). Existence of the sublingual artery branch significantly increased the thicknesses of the submental arteries. The classification proposed here will conceivably contribute to safer dental implant surgery and more accurate interpretation of angiographic images of arteries in the floor of the mouth.

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Light and electron microscopic study of the eyelids, conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue and lacrimal gland in Bilgorajska Goose (Anser anser )

Abstract

Normal structure of the accessory organs of the eye is essential for normal eye physiology. Among the most important accessory organs of the eye are the eyelids, the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) and the lacrimal gland (LG). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the histological structure of the eyelids and LG by histochemical and ultrastructural analysis. The study was performed on 13 adult female Bilgorajska geese. Eyelid samples were stained with the Alcian blue (AB pH 2.5) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) methods. Staining methods used for LG were AB pH 2.5, aldehyde fuchsin (AF), PAS and Hale's dialysed iron (HDI). Within the connective tissue of the eyelids, well-developed, diffuse, CALT follicles were observed, mostly under the conjunctival epithelium. Numerous lymphocytes were present within loose connective tissue. Staining of the eyelids with the PAS method demonstrated the presence of goblet cells of a mucous nature, and AB pH 2.5 staining indicated the presence of sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides. PAS staining of LG revealed the presence of secretory cells containing weakly PAS-positive granules. All epithelial cells of the corpus glandulae and the duct systems reacted positively to AB pH 2.5. HDI staining detected the presence of carboxylated acid mucopolysaccharides. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed two types of secretory epithelial cells in LG. Both types of LG cells contained drop-like secretory vesicles of different sizes with low or high electron density in cytoplasm, as well as small and large lipid vacuoles, and numerous small primary lysosomes.

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A case of an additional right external iliac vein surrounding the right external iliac artery and lacking the right common iliac vein

Abstract

A case of an additional right external iliac vein lacking a right common iliac vein was found in an 84-year-old female cadaver during a dissection course at Aichi Medical University in 2014. The findings are reported and discussed from the embryological and clinical viewpoints. The right and left iliac venous systems were macroscopically observed with attention to the homonymous arteries and the inferior vena cava. In this cadaver, a preaortic external iliac vein originated from a right external iliac vein and drained directly into the inferior vena cava. The preaortic and right external iliac veins surrounded the right external iliac artery. In addition, the right internal iliac vein drained into the left common iliac vein, and the right obturator vein drained into the right external iliac vein. Our findings suggested that normal external iliac veins developed from the ventral limb of the iliac venous system in this case. Our case has clinical importance for surgical complications such as hemorrhages in pelvic operations, phlebography, and especially central venous cauterization of the right femoral vein.

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Sling and swathe modification for immobilization of posterior glenohumeral dislocations

Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Andrew P. Harris, Steven F. DeFroda, Joseph A. Gil, Gregory R. Waryasz

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Directions in current and future phytolith research

Publication date: Available online 4 January 2016
Source:Journal of Archaeological Science
Author(s): Débora Zurro, Juan José García-Granero, Carla Lancelotti, Marco Madella
The analysis of phytoliths has progressed immensely in recent years. Increases in the number of phytolith works within several disciplines has substantially extended our knowledge about these microfossils, while at the same time diversifying the approaches by which they can be used as archaeological and palaeoenvironmental proxies. The insufficient standardisation of these works, however, greatly increases the difficulty of utilising this body of research within a broader framework of powerfully integrated methodologies and models in archaeobotany and palaeoenvironmental studies. Further standardisation will facilitate the broadening of phytolith research beyond technique-oriented work, permitting greater opportunity for its application to inform on past cultures and their strategies of plant resources exploitation as well as the dynamics related to climate change and anthropic-driven environmental modifications. The aim of this paper is to drive our discipline towards a set of "best practices" that arise from current phytolith research but that are often applied in an unsystematic manner.

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Sinus of Valsalva Sclerosis is Associated with Conduction Abnormalities on 12-Lead Standard ECG

The post Sinus of Valsalva Sclerosis is Associated with Conduction Abnormalities on 12-Lead Standard ECG appeared first on Welcome to Avens.

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Light/Dark Environmental Cycle Imposes a Daily Profile in the Expression of microRNAs in Rat CD133+ Cells

Abstract

The phenotype of primary cells in culture varies according to the donor environmental condition. We recently showed that the time of the day imposes a molecular program linked to the inflammatory response that is heritable in culture. Here we investigated whether microRNAs (miRNAs) would show differential expression according to the time when cells were obtained, namely daytime or nighttime. Cells obtained from explants of cremaster muscle and cultivated until confluence (∼20 days) presented high CD133 expression. Global miRNA expression analysis was performed through deep sequencing in order to compare both cultured cells. A total of 504 mature miRNAs were identified, with a specific miRNA signature being associated to the light versus dark phase of a circadian cycle. miR-1249 and miR-129-2-3p were highly expressed in daytime cells, while miR-182, miR-96-5p, miR-146a-3p, miR-146a-5p and miR-223-3p were highly expressed in nighttime cells. Nighttime cells are regulated for programs involved in cell processes and development, as well as in the inflammation, cell differentiation and maturation; while daytime cells express miRNAs that control stemness and cytoskeleton remodeling. In summary, the time of the day imposes a differential profile regarding to miRNA signature on CD133+ cells in culture. Understanding this daily profile in the phenotype of cultured cells is highly relevant for clinical outputs, including cellular therapy approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Why do Patients who Underwent Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Surgery, Decide to Remove their Band, a Retrospective Cohort Study

The post Why do Patients who Underwent Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding Surgery, Decide to Remove their Band, a Retrospective Cohort Study appeared first on Welcome to Avens.

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Evidence Based Theory for Integrated Genome Regulation of Ontogeny – an Unprecedented Role of Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling

Abstract

Genetic experiments have positioned the fgfr1 gene at the top of the gene hierarchy that governs gastrulation, as well as the subsequent development of the major body axes, nervous system, muscles, and bones, by affecting downstream genes that control the cell cycle, pluripotency and differentiation, as well as microRNAs. Studies show that this regulation is executed by a single protein, the nuclear isoform of FGFR1 (nFGFR1), which integrates signals from development-initiating factors such as Retinoic Acid (RA), and operates at the interface of genomic and epigenomic information. nFGFR1 cooperates with a multitude of Transcriptional Factors (TFs), and targets thousands of genes encoding for mRNAs, as well as miRNAs in top ontogenic networks. nFGFR1 binds to the promoters of ancient proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, in addition to binding to metazoan morphogens that delineate body axes, and construct the nervous system, as well as mesodermal and endodermal tissues. The discovery of pan-ontogenic gene programming by Integrative Nuclear FGFR1 Signaling (INFS) impacts our understanding of ontogeny, as well as developmental pathologies, and holds new promise for reconstructive medicine, and cancer therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Presumed Primary Frozen Shoulder – Clinical Characteristics and Findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The post Presumed Primary Frozen Shoulder – Clinical Characteristics and Findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging appeared first on Welcome to Avens.

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Cell-Autonomous Brown-Like Adipogenesis of Preadipocytes from Retinoblastoma Haploinsufficient Mice

Abstract

Mechanisms behind the emergence of brown adipocyte-like (brite or beige) adipocytes within white adipose tissue (WAT) are of interest. Retinoblastoma protein gene (Rb) haploinsufficiency associates in mice with improved metabolic regulation linked to a greater capacity for fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis in WAT. We aimed to explain a feasible mechanism of WAT-to-BAT remodeling in this model. Differentiated primary adipocytes and Sca1-positive preadipocytes derived from adipose depots of Rb+/− mice and wild-type siblings were compared. Primary white Rb+/− adipocytes displayed under basal conditions increased glucose uptake and an enhanced expression of brown adipocyte–related genes (Pparg, Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, Prdm16, Cpt1b), but not of purported beige/brite transcriptional markers (Cd137, Tmem26, Tbx1, Slc27a1, Hoxc9, Shox2). Lack of induction of beige markers phenocopied results in WAT of adult Rb+/− mice. Flow cytometry analysis evidenced an increased number of preadipocytes in WAT depots of Rb+/− mice. Sca1+ preadipocytes from WAT of Rb+/− mice displayed increased gene expression of several transcription factors common to the brown and beige adipogenic programs (Prdm16, Pparg, Ppargc1a) and of receptors of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); however, amongst the recently proposed beige markers, only Tbx1 was upregulated. Adult Rb+/− mice had increased circulating levels of BMP7. These results indicate that preadipose cells resident in WAT depots of Rb+/− mice retain an increased capacity for brown-like adipogenesis that appears to be different from beige adipogenesis, and suggest that the contribution of these precursors to the Rb+/− adipose phenotype is driven, at least in part, by interaction with BMP7 pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Meta Analysis of Etiology and its Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Cases of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma

Abstract

Aim

The present study was planned to investigate the etiology of injuries and to analyze correlation between clinical and radiological findings in cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma.

Study Design

An 18 months cross-sectional study was done and 325 patients with maxillofacial fractures were analyzed from January 2013 to June 2014 who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was recorded in a preformed case sheet which included: patient's demographic data, cause of injury, type of injury, treatment plan.

Results

Out of the 325 patients, 74.4 % were males with a male: female ratio of 2.91:1. The 21–30 year age group was found to be maximum. Road traffic accidents accounted for 71.3 %, followed by fall from height (19 %) and assault (9.5 %). Most commonly involved vehicles were two wheelers followed by public transport. Mandibular fractures (65 %) were most prevalent, followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (44.27 %), parietal bone (48 %) and orbital fractures (21.3 %). Thirty-seven fractures (7.14 %) were missed clinically which were confirmed later by radiographic technique. Maximum were in cranium region (57 %) followed by mandible (27 %), mid face region (16.21 %). Thirty-three fractures (6.37 %) were overestimated or suspected clinically which could not be confirmed by radiographic technique. Maximum were in mandible (48.5 %) followed by mid face (36.33 %) and cranium (15.15 %).

Conclusion

The idea behind this article is to analyze the various trends and affecting factors and correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A better understanding of the above said would help in future treatment planning and management of facial injuries.

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A therapeutic cancer vaccine against GL261 murine glioma

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest of brain tumors. Standard treatment for GBM is surgery, followed by combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Current therapy prolongs survival but does not offer a cure. We report on a novel immunotherapy against GBM, tested in an animal model of C57BL/6 mice injected intra-cranially with a lethal dose of murine GL261 glioma cells. Methods: Ten week-old C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized before injection of 2 × 10 4 GL261 cells in the right cerebral hemisphere and after 3 days half of the mice were administered a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of irradiated semi-allogeneic vaccine, while mock-vaccinated mice received a s.c. injection of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Tumor engraftment was monitored through bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Length of animal survival was measured by Kaplan–Meier graphs and statistics. At time of sacrifice brain tissue was processed for estimation of tumor size and immunohistochemical studies. Results: Overall survival of vaccinated mice was significantly longer compared to mock-vaccinated mice. Five to ten percent of vaccinated mice survived more than 90 days following the engraftment of GL261 cells in the brain and appeared to be free of disease by BLI. Tumor volume in the brain of vaccinated mice was on average five to ten-fold smaller compared to mock-vaccinated mice. In vaccinated mice, conspicuous microglia infiltrates were observed in tumor tissue sections and activated microglia appeared to form a fence along the perimeter of the tumor cells. The results of these animal studies persuaded the Office of Orphan Products Development of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to grant Orphan Drug Designation for treatment of GBM with irradiated, semi-allogeneic vaccines. Conclusions: Our preclinical observations suggest that semi-allogeneic vaccines could be tested clinically on subjects with GBM, as an adjuvant to standard treatment.

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Antarctic clouds studied for first time in five decades

AWARE project will help unravel effects of global warming.

Nature 529 12 doi: 10.1038/529012a

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Issue Information – Table of Contents

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The physics of life

From flocking birds to swarming molecules, physicists are seeking to understand 'active matter' — and looking for a fundamental theory of the living world.

Nature 529 16 doi: 10.1038/529016a

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Deficiencies in the Management of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Childhood

Limited high-quality evidence supports the management of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). To assess our institutional performance in this area, we retrospectively reviewed IDA treatment practices in 195 consecutive children referred to our center from 2006 to mid-2010. The majority of children were ≤4 years old (64%) and had nutritional IDA (74%). In 11- to 18-year-old patients (31%), the primary etiology was menorrhagia (42%). Many were referred directly to the emergency department and/or prescribed iron doses outside the recommended range. Poor medication adherence and being lost-to-follow-up were common. Substantial improvements are required in the management of IDA.

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Executive Health Program at Cleveland Clinic

Featuring Dr Lang: Cleveland Clinic Executive Health Program provides patients with a wide array of personalized options to enhance their health and well-being. The program is tailored to meet the needs of busy professionals and supports companies by optimizing the health of their executive teams.

Posted at Clinical Cases and Images. Stay updated and subscribe, follow us on Twitter and connect on Facebook.

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Orbital floor fractures – short- and intermediate-term complications depending on treatment procedures

Background: Many reconstruction materials for orbital floor fractures have been described in the past including autologous bone transplants, resorbable polymers and titan meshes. So far evidence is missing which material is used successfully regarding indication and particular size of defect. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate which reconstruction technique produces best clinical outcome and least complications associated with indication. Methods: Retrospectively, surgical and ophthalmological data plus CT scans from a collective of 775 patients between 2005 and 2012 were analyzed. Furthermore included patients were sounded on satisfaction and potential problems postoperatively. Results: Overall 593 patients offered full pre- and postoperative short-time data appropriate to inclusion criteria – of these 507 (85,5 %) underwent primary surgical treatment. Smallest average defect size was found in cases with no indication for surgical treatment (81 mm 2 ), largest in cases indicating titanium mesh reconstruction (601.5 mm 2 ). In 15 cases exact fragment reposition was possible without insertion of alloplastic material. Best clinical results obtained reconstruction using polydioxanone foil (PDS). 0.15 mm PDS-foil: 444 patients, reduced diplopia pre to postoperative 16 to 6 % (p < 0.01), ex- and enophthalmus < 2 % after surgery. 0.25 mm PDS-foil: 26 patients, reduced diplopia from pre- to postoperative 34,6 to 3,8 % (p < 0.01), postoperative exophthalmus rate was higher than preoperative (3,8 to 7,7 %). In comparison to reconstruction with PDS-foil a higher percentage of patients reconstructed with titanium meshes (n = 22) revealed no significant reduction of diplopia (45,5 to 31,8 %; p = 0.07). Furthermore 63 of all included patients agreed to complete a questionnaire on intermediate-term postoperative symptoms and surgical contentedness. Remarkably 50 % of the patients reconstructed with titanium meshes indicated foreign body sensations and cold feeling in the long-term. Conclusions: Short- and intermediate-term results of clinical outcome in our patients with surgical treated orbital floor fractures (i.e. diplopia, en- or exophthalmus) reveal that thin resorbable foils, particularly 0.15 mm diameter PDS-foil seem to generate best results referring to orbital floor defects with a size of 250 to 300 mm 2 .Trial registrationStudy number 4222, year 2013, ethics committee of the medical faculty of the Heinrich Heine university of Duesseldorf.

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Successful Treatment of Genetically Profiled Pediatric Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Targeting Oncogenic STAT3 Mutation

Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a distinct type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma predominantly observed in Asian and Latin American adult males. A 12-year-old Hispanic female diagnosed with ENKTCL was enrolled in our genomic profiling research protocol. We identified specific somatic alterations consistent with diagnosis of ENKTCL as well as oncogenic mutations in MAP2K1 and STAT3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an immunophenotypically confirmed and genetically profiled case of ENKTCL in a female pediatric patient in the United States, including its unique treatment and favorable outcome.

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Light/Dark Environmental Cycle Imposes a Daily Profile in the Expression of microRNAs in Rat CD133+ Cells

Abstract

The phenotype of primary cells in culture varies according to the donor environmental condition. We recently showed that the time of the day imposes a molecular program linked to the inflammatory response that is heritable in culture. Here we investigated whether microRNAs (miRNAs) would show differential expression according to the time when cells were obtained, namely daytime or nighttime. Cells obtained from explants of cremaster muscle and cultivated until confluence (∼20 days) presented high CD133 expression. Global miRNA expression analysis was performed through deep sequencing in order to compare both cultured cells. A total of 504 mature miRNAs were identified, with a specific miRNA signature being associated to the light versus dark phase of a circadian cycle. miR-1249 and miR-129-2-3p were highly expressed in daytime cells, while miR-182, miR-96-5p, miR-146a-3p, miR-146a-5p and miR-223-3p were highly expressed in nighttime cells. Nighttime cells are regulated for programs involved in cell processes and development, as well as in the inflammation, cell differentiation and maturation; while daytime cells express miRNAs that control stemness and cytoskeleton remodeling. In summary, the time of the day imposes a differential profile regarding to miRNA signature on CD133+ cells in culture. Understanding this daily profile in the phenotype of cultured cells is highly relevant for clinical outputs, including cellular therapy approaches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Two Novel Missense Mutations and a 5bp Deletion in the Erythroid-Specific Promoter of the PKLR Gene in Two Unrelated Patients With Pyruvate Kinase Deficient Transfusion-Dependent Chronic Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia

We report two children with severe chronic hemolytic anemia, the cause of which was difficult to establish because of transfusion dependency. Reduced erythrocyte pyruvate kinase activity in their asymptomatic parents provided the diagnostic clues for mutation screening of the PKLR gene and revealed that one child was a compound heterozygote of a novel paternally derived 5-bp deletion in the promoter region (c.-88_-84delTCTCT) and a maternally derived missense mutation in exon nine (c.1174G>A; p.Ala392Thr). The second child was a compound heterozygote of two novel missense mutations, namely a paternally derived exon ten c.1381G>A (p.Glu461Lys) and a maternally derived exon seven c.907-908delCC (p.Pro303GlyfsX12) variant.

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T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Minimal Residual Disease, and Lymphocyte Recovery

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Confirmation of an anatomic variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve at site of entry into the larynx in Chinese population.

Confirmation of an anatomic variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve at site of entry into the larynx in Chinese population.

Am J Otolaryngol. 2015 Nov 10;

Authors: Shao T, Qiu W, Yang W

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at analyzing the frequency of the newly reported variation and the frequency of postoperative palsy associated with three different kinds of known variations.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on the data of 2068 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent thyroidectomy. The study included 1362 left and 1507 right (2869 in total) RLNs.
RESULTS: Among all the RLNs, 548 were found to have variations at the laryngeal entry of the RLN. The most frequent variation was extralaryngeal branching (n=322), followed by the fan-shaped branching (n=201). Our newly identified variation was also noted in 25 of our patients. In these cases, the RLN entered the larynx from sites that were distant from the posterior cricothyroid joint. The distance from the entry of the RLN to the back of cricothyroid joints was over 5mm. Compared to the rates reported from other countries, the rate of the first type of variation is lower, while that of the second type is higher. The frequency of the new variation has not been reported in other populations, but it is consistent with our previous finding. The incidence of postoperative palsy was greater for RLNs with the first and third types of variations than in the normal RLNs.
CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the incidence of patients with the new type of variation of the RLN at the entry of the larynx was about 1% in Chinese. Awareness among surgeons regarding this variation is important to avoid postoperative palsy.

PMID: 26725328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Confirmation of an anatomic variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve at site of entry into the larynx in Chinese population.

Confirmation of an anatomic variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve at site of entry into the larynx in Chinese population.

Am J Otolaryngol. 2015 Nov 10;

Authors: Shao T, Qiu W, Yang W

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at analyzing the frequency of the newly reported variation and the frequency of postoperative palsy associated with three different kinds of known variations.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on the data of 2068 consecutive Chinese patients who underwent thyroidectomy. The study included 1362 left and 1507 right (2869 in total) RLNs.
RESULTS: Among all the RLNs, 548 were found to have variations at the laryngeal entry of the RLN. The most frequent variation was extralaryngeal branching (n=322), followed by the fan-shaped branching (n=201). Our newly identified variation was also noted in 25 of our patients. In these cases, the RLN entered the larynx from sites that were distant from the posterior cricothyroid joint. The distance from the entry of the RLN to the back of cricothyroid joints was over 5mm. Compared to the rates reported from other countries, the rate of the first type of variation is lower, while that of the second type is higher. The frequency of the new variation has not been reported in other populations, but it is consistent with our previous finding. The incidence of postoperative palsy was greater for RLNs with the first and third types of variations than in the normal RLNs.
CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the incidence of patients with the new type of variation of the RLN at the entry of the larynx was about 1% in Chinese. Awareness among surgeons regarding this variation is important to avoid postoperative palsy.

PMID: 26725328 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Administration of Radioactive Iodine Therapy Within 1 Year After Total Thyroidectomy Does Not Affect Vocal Function.

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Administration of Radioactive Iodine Therapy Within 1 Year After Total Thyroidectomy Does Not Affect Vocal Function.

J Nucl Med. 2015 Oct;56(10):1480-6

Authors: Ryu CH, Ryu J, Ryu YM, Lee YJ, Lee EK, Kim SK, Kim TS, Kim TH, Lee CY, Park SY, Chung KW, Jung YS

Abstract
UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of radioactive iodine therapy (RIT) on vocal function during the early follow-up period after total thyroidectomy (TT) using perceptive and objective measurements, questionnaires regarding subjective symptoms, and data on vocal function in a prospectively enrolled and serially followed thyroid cancer cohort.
METHODS: Of 212 patients who underwent TT and were screened between January and December 2010 at our hospital, 160 were included in the final analysis. Patients with the following histories were excluded: lateral neck dissection, organic vocal fold disease, external radiotherapy, and voice evaluation during thyroxine withdrawal. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: TT, TT with low-dose RIT (1.1-2.2 GBq), and TT with high-dose RIT (≥3.7 GBq). Voice evaluations were performed before surgery and at 1, 6, and 12 mo after TT.
RESULTS: Vocal characteristics were altered after TT, including changes on the grade, roughness, and strain scale; increased amplitude perturbation; decreased fundamental frequency; narrowed pitch range; and global disturbances in subjective functional parameters on the voice handicap index. However, the degree of vocal changes among the 3 groups did not significantly differ within the 1-y postoperative follow-up period. According to the results of subgroup analyses of patients who demonstrated good voice outcomes after TT, there were no significant functional differences among the 3 groups.
CONCLUSION: RIT at any dose does not affect vocal function within 1 y of TT.

PMID: 26272814 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Neural representation of swallowing is retained with age. A functional neuroimaging study validated by classical and Bayesian inference.

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Neural representation of swallowing is retained with age. A functional neuroimaging study validated by classical and Bayesian inference.

Behav Brain Res. 2015 Jun 1;286:308-17

Authors: Windel AS, Mihai PG, Lotze M

Abstract
We investigated the neural representation of swallowing in two age groups for a total of 51 healthy participants (seniors: average age 64 years; young adults: average age 24 years) using high spatial resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Two statistical comparisons (classical and Bayesian inference) revealed no significant differences between subject groups, apart from higher cortical activation for the seniors in the frontal pole 1 of Brodmann's Area 10 using Bayesian inference. Seniors vs. young participants showed longer reaction times and higher skin conductance response (SCR) during swallowing. We found a positive association of SCR and fMRI-activation only among seniors in areas processing sensorimotor performance, arousal and emotional perception. The results indicate that the highly automated swallowing network retains its functionality with age. However, seniors with higher SCR during swallowing appear to also engage areas involved in attention control and emotional regulation, possibly suggesting increased attention and emotional demands during task performance.

PMID: 25771712 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Laryngeal muscle activity during nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in nonsedated newborn lambs.

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Laryngeal muscle activity during nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in nonsedated newborn lambs.

Neonatology. 2015;107(3):199-205

Authors: Hadj-Ahmed MA, Samson N, Nadeau C, Boudaa N, Praud JP

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that nasal pressure support ventilation (nPSV) can lead to an active inspiratory laryngeal narrowing in lambs. This, in turn, can limit lung ventilation and divert air into the digestive system, with potentially deleterious consequences. On the other hand, nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is particularly attractive in newborns, especially since, unlike nPSV, it does not require synchronization with the patient's inspiratory efforts.
OBJECTIVES: The main aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that glottal constrictor muscle activity (EMG) does not develop during nHFOV. A secondary objective was to study laryngeal EMG during nHFOV-induced central apneas.
METHODS: Polysomnographic recordings were performed in 7 nonsedated lambs which were ventilated with increasing levels of nPSV and nHFOV at both 4 and 8 Hz, in random order. States of alertness, diaphragm and glottal muscle EMG, SpO2, and respiratory movements were continuously recorded.
RESULTS: While phasic inspiratory glottal constrictor EMG appeared with increasing nPSV levels in 6 out of 7 lambs, it was never observed with nHFOV. In addition, nHFOV at 4 Hz dramatically inhibited central respiratory drive in 4/7 lambs, with 64-100% of recording time spent in central apnea in 3 lambs. No glottal constrictor EMG was observed during these central apneas.
CONCLUSION: nHFOV does not induce glottal constrictor muscle EMG in nonsedated newborn lambs, in contrast to nPSV. This may be an additional advantage of nHFOV relative to nPSV.

PMID: 25660143 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Epithelial cells are active participants in vocal fold wound healing: an in vivo animal model of injury.

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Epithelial cells are active participants in vocal fold wound healing: an in vivo animal model of injury.

PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e115389

Authors: Leydon C, Imaizumi M, Bartlett RS, Wang SF, Thibeault SL

Abstract
Vocal fold epithelial cells likely play an important, yet currently poorly defined, role in healing following injury, irritation and inflammation. In the present study, we sought to identify a possible role for growth factors, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1), in epithelial regeneration during wound healing as a necessary first step for uncovering potential signaling mechanisms of vocal fold wound repair and remodeling. Using a rat model, we created unilateral vocal fold injuries and examined the timeline for epithelial healing and regeneration during early and late stages of wound healing using immunohistochemistry (IHC). We observed time-dependent secretion of the proliferation marker, ki67, growth factors EGF and TGFβ1, as well as activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR), in regenerating epithelium during the acute phase of injury. Ki67, growth factor, and EGFR expression peaked at day 3 post-injury. Presence of cytoplasmic and intercellular EGF and TGFβ1 staining occurred up to 5 days post-injury, consistent with a role for epithelial cells in synthesizing and secreting these growth factors. To confirm that epithelial cells contributed to the cytokine secretion, we examined epithelial cell growth factor secretion in vitro using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cultured pig vocal fold epithelial cells expressed both EGF and TGFβ1. Our in vivo and in vitro findings indicate that epithelial cells are active participants in the wound healing process. The exact mechanisms underlying their roles in autocrine and paracrine signaling guiding wound healing await study in a controlled, in vitro environment.

PMID: 25514022 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Surface electrical stimulation perturbation context determines the presence of error reduction in swallowing hyolaryngeal kinematics.

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Surface electrical stimulation perturbation context determines the presence of error reduction in swallowing hyolaryngeal kinematics.

Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015 Feb;24(1):72-80

Authors: Humbert IA, Christopherson H, Lokhande A

Abstract
PURPOSE: Error-based learning (EBL) involves gradually reducing movement errors caused by a perturbation. When the perturbation has been unexpectedly removed, exaggerated movements occur in the opposite direction of a perturbation effect, known as aftereffects. Our goal was to determine whether the perturbation type impacts error reduction or aftereffects in swallowing hyolaryngeal kinematics.
METHOD: We perturbed peak hyolaryngeal elevation during swallowing in 16 healthy adults with surface electrical stimulation (SES) in 2 different ways during videofluoroscopy: intermittent SES (I-SES) was applied only during swallowing, and continuous SES (C-SES) was applied during swallowing and during interswallow intervals. In C-SES and I-SES, the onset and offset of the perturbation were unmasked.
RESULTS: Only the C-SES perturbation caused error reduction (gradually increasing peak elevation). Aftereffects were absent in both perturbations, unlike findings from our previous study with masked perturbation. Furthermore, the duration of laryngeal vestibule closure (dLVC) increased during the I-SES perturbation but was unchanged during C-SES perturbation.
CONCLUSION: EBL of swallowing airway protection events was strongly influenced by the context of the perturbation. These findings also elucidate how the relationship among critical swallowing airway protection events (hyoid peak, laryngeal peak, and dLVC) can be modified during EBL.

PMID: 25412425 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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[Peripheral nervous system and speech disorders].

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[Peripheral nervous system and speech disorders].

Rev Neurol. 2014 Feb 24;58 Suppl 1:S99-S105

Authors: Ferri L

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Disorders affecting the lower motor neurons in childhood, with a congenital or acquired aetiology, give rise to difficulties in neuromotor response and, therefore, motor disorders affecting speech in a period that is especially critical for the development of language. The low incidence of this pathology, its comorbidity with other brain conditions and its uncertain prognosis make it a particularly interesting area of study.
AIMS: The purpose of this work is to review the motor disorders affecting speech in flaccid dysarthria, together with its functional evaluation and speech therapy interventions.
DEVELOPMENT: The study aims to carry out the clinical characterisation of the disorders affecting verbal production of a peripheral origin, and more specifically flaccid dysarthria and its respiratory, phonatory, resonance, articulatory and prosodic manifestations. The analysis then goes on to outline the functional evaluation and lines of intervention for its treatment are proposed.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of flaccid dysarthria are very heterogeneous and range from very slight difficulties in articulation to severe disorders that seriously limit the capacity for verbal expression. In most cases, a functional examination yields valuable findings for its identification and classification, for determining the need for complementary evaluations and for establishing the most suitable programme of speech therapy. The guided participation of the family and the interdisciplinary approach are factors that play a decisive role in improving these processes.

PMID: 25252675 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Future Oncology; +21 new citations

21 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

Future Oncology

These pubmed results were generated on 2016/01/05

PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Expression of p53 in endometrial polyps with special reference to the p53 signature.

Expression of p53 in endometrial polyps with special reference to the p53 signature.

Histol Histopathol. 2016 Jan 4;:11713

Authors: Sho T, Hachisuga T, Kawagoe T, Urabe R, Kurita T, Kagami S, Shimajiri S, Fujino Y

Abstract
We herein examined the significance of the p53 expression in endometrial polyps (EMPs). A total of 133 EMPs, including 62 premenopausal and 71 postmenopausal women with EMP, were immunohistochemically studied for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, Ki-67 and p53. Apoptotic cells were identified using a TUNEL assay. A DNA sequence analysis of TP53 exons 5 to 9 was performed. Among the premenopausal EMPs, a multivariate analysis showed the labeling index (LI) for Ki-67 to correlate significantly with that for p53 (P<0.001), but not that for apoptosis. On the contrary, among the postmenopausal EMPs, the LI for Ki-67 correlated significantly with that for apoptosis (P<0.001). The p53 signature (p53S) was defined by endometrial epithelial cells, which are morphologically benign in appearance but display 12 or more consecutive epithelial cell nuclei with strong p53 immunostaining. The p53S was found in nine (12.7%) postmenopausal EMPs (mean age: 70.2 years). The median Ki-67 index for the p53S was 7%, with no significant difference from that of the glands of the postmenopausal EMPs without the p53S (P=0.058). The median apoptotic index for the p53S was 0%, which was significantly lower than that of the postmenopausal EMPs without the p53S (P=0.002). Two of four p53Ss showed TP53 mutations according to the DNA sequence analysis. The presence of the p53S is not rare in postmenopausal EMPs with an advanced age. Among postmenopausal EMPs, the LI of Ki-67 significantly correlates with that of apoptosis. However, such a positive correlation between the LI of Ki-67 and apoptosis is not observed in p53S.

PMID: 26727623 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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O-glycosylation sites identified from mucin core-1 type glycopeptides from human serum

Abstract

In this work O-linked glycopeptides bearing mucin core-1 type structures were enriched from human serum. Since about 70 % of the O-glycans in human serum bind to the plant lectin Jacalin, we tested a previously successful protocol that combined Jacalin affinity enrichment on the protein- and peptide-level with ERLIC chromatography as a further enrichment step in between, to eliminate the high background of unmodified peptides. In parallel, we developed a simpler and significantly faster new workflow that used two lectins sequentially: wheat germ agglutinin and then Jacalin. The first lectin provides general glycopeptide enrichment, while the second specifically enriches O-linked glycopeptides with Galβ1-3GalNAcα structures. Mass spectrometric analysis of enriched samples showed that the new sample preparation method is more selective and sensitive than the former. Altogether, 52 unique glycosylation sites in 20 proteins were identified in this study.

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Skull base chondrosarcoma.

Skull base chondrosarcoma.

J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Dec 24;

Authors: Awad M, Gogos AJ, Kaye AH

Abstract
Intracranial chondrosarcoma are rare tumours, accounting for approximately one in 1000 intracranial neoplasms. Although more common in the axial or appendicular skeleton, intracranial tumours present a challenging surgical and oncological problem. Chondrosarcoma have a predilection for the skull base and although commonly slow growing, Grade II and III lesions do occur. We present two illustrative patients from the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia, demonstrating dramatically differing presentation and clinical outcome and the diagnostic difficulties that may arise. A review of the literature regarding skull base chondrosarcoma is presented. We summarise the clinical, radiological and histological features. The evidence for surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is presented and critically evaluated. Based on the available evidence, we advocate maximal safe resection, followed by radiotherapy for Grade II and III tumours. There is no current role for chemotherapy. Radical excision should not be attempted at the expense of neurological function.

PMID: 26724847 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinical significance of skull base fracture in patients after traumatic brain injury.

Clinical significance of skull base fracture in patients after traumatic brain injury.

J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Dec 24;

Authors: Yellinek S, Cohen A, Merkin V, Shelef I, Benifla M

Abstract
About 4% of all head injuries include skull base fractures. Most of these fractures (90%) are secondary to closed head trauma; the remainder are due to penetrating trauma. We reviewed the records from January 2006 through December 2008 of all patients older than 18years of age who arrived at Soroka Medical Center in Be'er-Sheva, Israel, with skull base fractures following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We identified 107 patients with a mean age of 42years at the time of TBI. Glasgow Coma score on arrival predicted the clinical outcome. We observed temporal fractures in 30% of these patients, occipital fractures in 20%, pyramidal fractures in 19%, anterior skull base fractures in 17%, and multiple fractures in 14%. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was observed in 16 patients (15%). Of the patients experiencing CSF leaks, otorrhea occurred in 10 (62%) and rhinorrhea occurred in six (37%). Three patients required surgical intervention to repair the leak. Meningitis occurred in four patients with clinically evident CSF leak. Multiple skull base fractures are associated with poor neurological outcome. The low rate of meningitis in this patient sample implies that there is no indication to administer prophylactic antibiotics to patients with skull base fractures.

PMID: 26724846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Computed tomographic morphometric analysis of pediatric clival screw placement at the craniovertebral junction.

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Computed tomographic morphometric analysis of pediatric clival screw placement at the craniovertebral junction.

Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Mar 1;40(5):E259-65

Authors: Ji W, Kong GG, Zheng MH, Wang XY, Chen JT, Zhu QA

Abstract
STUDY DESIGN: A computed tomography-based morphometric measurement of the pediatric craniovertebral junction for clival screw placement.
OBJECTIVE: To identify morphometric differences of the pediatric clivus at different ages and establish guidelines for pediatric clival screw fixation.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Anterior fixation of the pediatric craniovertebral junction, a viable alternative to posterior occipital-cervical fixation, requires clival screw placement. The morphology of the pediatric clivus may be associated with greater difficulty in adequate purchase because of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (clival fissure).
METHODS: Morphometric analysis was conducted on computed tomographic scans of the craniocervical junction in 87 pediatric patients who were assigned into groups based on their ages (2-5 yr, 6-9 yr, 10-13 yr, and 14-16 yr). Measurements were made of the sagittal and axial planes to determine the clival length, widest and narrowest clival diameter, clival fissure distance, clival-cervical angle, and putative screw lengths.
RESULTS: The mean clival length, widest diameter, narrowest diameter, fissure distance, and putative screw lengths were 29.4 mm, 28. 9 mm, 17.3 mm, 21.9 mm, and 9.6 mm, respectively. These measurements were significantly different among the groups and highly correlated to age (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in clival-cervical angle among the groups, with a mean angle of 129.2°± 6.4°. A clival screw (ø3.5 mm) was accommodated for all children older than 10 years, 89% of children aged 6 to 9 years, and 80% of children aged 2 to 5 years.
CONCLUSION: A clival screw fixation is feasible in the pediatric craniovertebral junction, particularly in children aged 10 years or older. The dimensions of the clivus were highly dependent on age. We suggest that all pediatric patients should undergo high-resolution, thin-slice computed tomography preoperatively to assess suitability for clival screw fixation.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

PMID: 25901981 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Expression of p53 in endometrial polyps with special reference to the p53 signature.

Expression of p53 in endometrial polyps with special reference to the p53 signature.

Histol Histopathol. 2016 Jan 4;:11713

Authors: Sho T, Hachisuga T, Kawagoe T, Urabe R, Kurita T, Kagami S, Shimajiri S, Fujino Y

Abstract
We herein examined the significance of the p53 expression in endometrial polyps (EMPs). A total of 133 EMPs, including 62 premenopausal and 71 postmenopausal women with EMP, were immunohistochemically studied for the expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, Ki-67 and p53. Apoptotic cells were identified using a TUNEL assay. A DNA sequence analysis of TP53 exons 5 to 9 was performed. Among the premenopausal EMPs, a multivariate analysis showed the labeling index (LI) for Ki-67 to correlate significantly with that for p53 (P<0.001), but not that for apoptosis. On the contrary, among the postmenopausal EMPs, the LI for Ki-67 correlated significantly with that for apoptosis (P<0.001). The p53 signature (p53S) was defined by endometrial epithelial cells, which are morphologically benign in appearance but display 12 or more consecutive epithelial cell nuclei with strong p53 immunostaining. The p53S was found in nine (12.7%) postmenopausal EMPs (mean age: 70.2 years). The median Ki-67 index for the p53S was 7%, with no significant difference from that of the glands of the postmenopausal EMPs without the p53S (P=0.058). The median apoptotic index for the p53S was 0%, which was significantly lower than that of the postmenopausal EMPs without the p53S (P=0.002). Two of four p53Ss showed TP53 mutations according to the DNA sequence analysis. The presence of the p53S is not rare in postmenopausal EMPs with an advanced age. Among postmenopausal EMPs, the LI of Ki-67 significantly correlates with that of apoptosis. However, such a positive correlation between the LI of Ki-67 and apoptosis is not observed in p53S.

PMID: 26727623 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinical significance of skull base fracture in patients after traumatic brain injury.

Clinical significance of skull base fracture in patients after traumatic brain injury.

J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Dec 24;

Authors: Yellinek S, Cohen A, Merkin V, Shelef I, Benifla M

Abstract
About 4% of all head injuries include skull base fractures. Most of these fractures (90%) are secondary to closed head trauma; the remainder are due to penetrating trauma. We reviewed the records from January 2006 through December 2008 of all patients older than 18years of age who arrived at Soroka Medical Center in Be'er-Sheva, Israel, with skull base fractures following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We identified 107 patients with a mean age of 42years at the time of TBI. Glasgow Coma score on arrival predicted the clinical outcome. We observed temporal fractures in 30% of these patients, occipital fractures in 20%, pyramidal fractures in 19%, anterior skull base fractures in 17%, and multiple fractures in 14%. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was observed in 16 patients (15%). Of the patients experiencing CSF leaks, otorrhea occurred in 10 (62%) and rhinorrhea occurred in six (37%). Three patients required surgical intervention to repair the leak. Meningitis occurred in four patients with clinically evident CSF leak. Multiple skull base fractures are associated with poor neurological outcome. The low rate of meningitis in this patient sample implies that there is no indication to administer prophylactic antibiotics to patients with skull base fractures.

PMID: 26724846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Furcation Measurements: Realities and Limitations.

Furcation Measurements: Realities and Limitations.

J Int Acad Periodontol. 2015;17(4):123-134

Authors: Sheridan RA, Wang HL, Eber R, Oh TJ

Abstract
Furcation involvement is a common sequela of severe chronic periodontal disease. Its effective management has a profound influence on the outcome of periodontal therapy. For the efficient clinical management of furcation defects, it is necessary to have a reliable diagnostic tool that can accurately measure and quantify the furcation defect. This article addresses the various diagnostic methods available and assesses their limitations. Further, it also highlights some new frontiers in the field of furcation diagnosis and measurements.

PMID: 26727151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Pharmacological Modulation of Lung Carcinogenesis in Smokers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.

Pharmacological Modulation of Lung Carcinogenesis in Smokers: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.

Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Dec 22;

Authors: De Flora S, Ganchev G, Iltcheva M, La Maestra S, Micale RT, Steele VE, Balansky R

Abstract
Many drugs in common use possess pleiotropic properties that make them capable of interfering with carcinogenesis mechanisms. We discuss here the ability of pharmacological agents to mitigate the pulmonary carcinogenicity of mainstream cigarette smoke. The evaluated agents include anti-inflammatory drugs (budesonide, celecoxib, aspirin, naproxen, licofelone), antidiabetic drugs (metformin, pioglitazone), antineoplastic agents (lapatinib, bexarotene, vorinostat), and other drugs and supplements (phenethyl isothiocyanate, myo-inositol, N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, berry extracts). These drugs have been evaluated in mouse models mimicking interventions either in current smokers or in ex-smokers, or in prenatal chemoprevention. They display a broad spectrum of activities by attenuating either smoke-induced preneoplastic lesions or benign tumors and/or malignant tumors. Together with epidemiological data, these findings provide useful information to predict the potential effects of pharmacological agents in smokers.

PMID: 26726119 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Furcation Measurements: Realities and Limitations.

Furcation Measurements: Realities and Limitations.

J Int Acad Periodontol. 2015;17(4):103-115

Authors: Karthikeyan BV, Sujatha V, Prabhuji ML

Abstract
Furcation involvement is a common sequela of severe chronic periodontal disease. Its effective management has a profound influence on the outcome of periodontal therapy. For the efficient clinical management of furcation defects, it is necessary to have a reliable diagnostic tool that can accurately measure and quantify the furcation defect. This article addresses the various diagnostic methods available and assesses their limitations. Further, it also highlights some new frontiers in the field of furcation diagnosis and measurements.

PMID: 26727149 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Marion Downs: Her life and legacy (1914-2014).

Related Articles

Marion Downs: Her life and legacy (1914-2014).

Int J Audiol. 2015 Apr;54(4):289-90

Authors: Northern JL

PMID: 25753499 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Angiogenesis inhibitor; +27 new citations

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PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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