Publication date: November 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 52
Author(s): Mingwei Li, Yi Zheng, Huihui Yuan, Yuan Liu, Xiaohong Wen
ObjectiveHistone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in dysregulation of histone acetylation/deacetylation, which is the main driving force of the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Here we investigated the changes in histone acetylation/deacetylation, and the contribution of specific class I and class II HDACs in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice received a single dose of tracheal administration of bleomycin to establish the pulmonary fibrosis model. The changes in acetylation rate of histone 3 (H3) and histone 4 (H4), and the activity of HDAC2 and HDAC4 in the lung tissue during the progression from alveolitis to pulmonary fibrosis were measured.ResultsThe acetylation rate of H3/H4 significantly decreased during alveolitis and the early and middle stages of fibrosis, but restored in the late stage of fibrosis. Correlation analysis showed that H4 deacetylation affected both alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis. H3 deacetylation only affected alveolitis. HDAC2 activity significantly increased in the middle and late stages of pulmonary fibrosis. There was no significant difference in HDAC4 activity between bleomycin and saline groups. However, HDAC4 activity changed significantly with the progression of the disease in bleomycin group. The changes in HDAC2 and HDAC4 activity were different. HDAC2 had long-lasting effects, while HDAC4 had transient effects. Correlation analysis showed that HDAC2 and HDAC4 activity was positively correlated with alveolitis score and fibrosis score.ConclusionsThe changes in histone acetylation may directly regulate the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines/fibronectin and thus affect the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. The injury-induced histone deacetylation switched into acetylation at the late stage of pulmonary fibrosis, which may be involved in the repair process. HDAC2 is mainly involved in the chronic progression of pulmonary fibrosis, and HDAC4 is mainly involved in early stress response to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Τετάρτη 27 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017
Effects of dynamic changes in histone acetylation and deacetylase activity on pulmonary fibrosis
Benefit of adaptive CT-based treatment planning in high-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy for rectal cancer
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): Roy P.J. van den Ende, Eva C. Rijkmans, Ellen M. Kerkhof, Remi A. Nout, Martijn Ketelaars, Mirjam S. Laman, Corrie A.M. Marijnen, Uulke A. van der Heide
PurposeIn this planning study, we investigated the dosimetric benefit of repeat CT-based treatment planning at each fraction vs. the use of a single CT-based treatment plan for all fractions for high-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy (HDREBT) for rectal cancer.Methods and MaterialsWe included 11 patients that received a CT scan with applicator in situ for all three fractions. The treatment plan of the first fraction was projected on the repeat CT scans to simulate the use of a single treatment plan. In addition, replanning was performed on the repeat CT scans, and these were compared to the corresponding projected treatment plans.ResultsRepeat CT-based treatment planning resulted on average in a 21% higher (p = 0.01) conformity index compared to single CT-based treatment planning. Projecting the initial treatment plan to the repeat CT scans of fraction two and three, 12/22 fractions reached a CTV D98 of 85% of the prescribed dose of 7 Gy, which increased to 14/22 using replanning. For the remaining fractions, median CTV D98 was 4.2 Gy, and an intervention would be necessary to correct applicator balloon setup or to remove remaining air and/or feces between the CTV and the applicator.ConclusionsUsing a single CT-based treatment plan for all fractions may result in a suboptimal treatment at later fractions. Therefore, repeat CT imaging should be the minimal standard practice in HDREBT for rectal cancer to determine whether an intervention would be necessary. Replanning based on repeat CT imaging resulted in more conformal treatment plans and is therefore recommended.
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The validity of Acuros BV and TG-43 for high-dose-rate brachytherapy superficial mold treatments
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): Eeva L. Boman, Thomas W.S. Satherley, Nanette Schleich, Dean B. Paterson, Lynne Greig, Rob J.W. Louwe
PurposeThe purpose of this work is to validate the Acuros BV dose calculation algorithm for high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy superficial mold treatments in the absence of full scatter conditions and compare this with TG-43 dose calculations. We also investigate the impact of additional back scatter material (bolus) applied above surface molds to the dose distributions under the mold.Methods and MaterialsThe absorbed dose at various depths was compared for simulations performed using either TG-43 or Acuros BV dose calculations. Parameter variations included treatment area, thickness of the bolus, and surface shape (flat or spherical). Film measurements were carried out in a flat phantom.ResultsAcuros BV calculations and film measurements agreed within 1.5% but were up to 15% lower than TG-43 dose calculations when no bolus was applied above the treatment catheters. The difference in dose at the prescription depth (1 cm below the central catheter) increased with increasing treatment area: 3.3% difference for a 3 × 3.5 cm2 source loading area, 7.4% for 8 × 9 cm2, and 13.4% for 18 × 19 cm2. The dose overestimation of the TG-43 model decreased when bolus was added above the treatment catheters.ConclusionsThe TG-43 dosimetry formalism cannot model surface mold treatments in the absence of full scatter conditions within 5% for loading areas larger than approximately 5 × 5 cm2. The TG-43 model results in an overestimation of the delivered dose, which increases with treatment area. This confirms the need for model-based dose calculation algorithms as discussed in TG-186.
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Stent-assisted coiling of a ruptured vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm via direct vertebral artery puncture
A 78-year-old patient was admitted with subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by rupture of a broad-based vertebrobasilar junction aneurysm. Direct endovascular access to the vertebrobasilar circulation was not possible due to chronic occlusion of the proximal dominant left vertebral artery (VA), hypoplastic right VA and posterior communicating arteries. The distal cervical left VA was reconstituted by muscular branches of the ascending cervical artery. Therefore, endovascular access was gained by direct percutaneous VA puncture guided by a roadmap-controlled anterior approach at the level of C5 proximally to the main reconstituting collateral feeders. Successful endovascular treatment of the aneurysm was performed by stent-assisted coiling. Closure of the puncture site at the cervical VA level was achieved by occluding the proximal part of the VA with coils. The post-interventional clinical course was uneventful; early post-interventional CT showed no evidence of cervical hematoma.
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Earliest depiction of vitiligo in “Venus at a Mirror” (1615) by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640)
Summary
The 1615 painting of Venus at a Mirror by Peter Paul Rubens is considered a powerful example of the Flemish Baroque movement. Recently it has been identified that the Venus character in the image has a goitre, however on studying the image further, I note dermato-pathology in another of the painting's main characters; the dark-skinned female typically described as the Venus' maidservant who clearly demonstrates patches of skin pigment loss on her face and neck with a concurrent streak of white hair. Together these suggest the underlying diagnosis of vitiligo. There is also a goitre in this individual suggesting thyroid disease. This new finding may offer additional insight into the historical epidemiology of disease in northern Europe but also offers further understanding of the method, origin, and pathological associations of this prominent painting from a genius artist.
http://ift.tt/2xH02F6
Earliest depiction of vitiligo in “Venus at a Mirror” (1615) by Peter Paul Rubens (1577–1640)
Summary
The 1615 painting of Venus at a Mirror by Peter Paul Rubens is considered a powerful example of the Flemish Baroque movement. Recently it has been identified that the Venus character in the image has a goitre, however on studying the image further, I note dermato-pathology in another of the painting's main characters; the dark-skinned female typically described as the Venus' maidservant who clearly demonstrates patches of skin pigment loss on her face and neck with a concurrent streak of white hair. Together these suggest the underlying diagnosis of vitiligo. There is also a goitre in this individual suggesting thyroid disease. This new finding may offer additional insight into the historical epidemiology of disease in northern Europe but also offers further understanding of the method, origin, and pathological associations of this prominent painting from a genius artist.
http://ift.tt/2xH02F6
Brain functional connectivity differentiates dexmedetomidine from propofol and natural sleep
http://ift.tt/2yuexJP
Brain functional connectivity differentiates dexmedetomidine from propofol and natural sleep
http://ift.tt/2yuexJP
The 2016 Al-Mishraq sulphur plant fire: Source and health risk area estimation
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 169
Author(s): Oscar Björnham, Håkan Grahn, Pontus von Schoenberg, Birgitta Liljedahl, Annica Waleij, Niklas Brännström
On October 20, 2016, Daesh (Islamic State) set fire to the sulphur production site Al-Mishraq as the battle of Mosul in northern Iraq became more intense. An extensive plume of toxic sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide caused comprehensive casualties. The intensity of the SO2 release was reaching levels of minor volcanic eruptions and the plume was observed by several satellites. By investigation of the measurement data from instruments on the MetOp-A, MetOp-B, Aura and Soumi satellites we have estimated the time-dependent source term to 161 kilotonnes sulphur dioxide released into the atmosphere during seven days. A long-range dispersion model was utilized to simulate the atmospheric transport over the Middle East. The ground level concentrations predicted by the simulation were compared with observation from the Turkey National Air Quality Monitoring Network. Finally, the simulation data provided, using a probit analysis of the simulated data, an estimate of the health risk area that was compared to reported urgent medical treatments.
Graphical abstract
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Demographic history, selection and functional diversity of the canine genome
Despite being a single species, dogs represent nearly 400 breeds with substantial genetic, morphological and behavioural diversity. In this Review, Ostrander et al. discuss how genomics studies of dogs have enhanced our understanding of dog and human population history, the desired and unintended consequences of trait-based selective breeding, and potentially human-applicable insights into cancer, ageing, behaviour and neurological diseases.
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EACMFS Prizes and Awards
The Council of EACMFS wishes to ensure that all members of the Association are aware of the current awards and prizes that are available. These are designed to provide educational support and also to allow the opportunity for trainees and those who have recently achieved specialist status to visit units outside their own departments.
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Mentees
In 2016, the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology launched a Reviewer Mentorship Program to provide guidance on reviewing techniques to promising new researchers and clinicians in the field. Participants are nominated based on their achievements and standing in their training programs, and participate for one year. The Editors sincerely thank the following mentees for their work and dedication over the past year, and hope that they will continue to use their experience and expertise to help advance the field of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology by continuing to act as reviewers in the field.
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Editorial Board
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 10
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Announcements and reports
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 10
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Cover
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 10
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Contents
Source:Brain and Development, Volume 39, Issue 10
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Procaine and Local Anesthetic Toxicity: A Collaboration Between the Clinical and Basic Sciences.
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Impact of Regional Anesthesia on Recurrence, Metastasis, and Immune Response in Breast Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
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Deciphering MECP2-associated disorders: disrupted circuits and the hope for repair
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 48
Author(s): Zilong Qiu
MECP2 is a critical gene for neural development, mutations or duplication of which led to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, such as Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Extensive works during the past decade yield ample insights into the molecular and cellular functions of MeCP2 in neural development. Furthermore, genetic manipulations in Mecp2 mouse models strongly suggested that deficiency in synaptic plasticity and various behaviors of Mecp2 null or transgenic mice could be rescued in adulthood. Further studies elucidating neural circuits responsible for symptoms in MECP2-associated disorders in rodent and non-human primate models will shed light on the development of potential therapeutic interventions.
http://ift.tt/2xLhVmt
On texture, form, and fixational eye movements
Source:Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Volume 46
Author(s): Tatyana O Sharpee
Recent studies show that small movements of the eye that occur during fixation are controlled in the brain by similar neural mechanisms as large eye movements. Information theory has been successful in explaining many properties of large eye movements. Could it also help us understand the smaller eye movements that are much more difficult to study experimentally? Here I describe new predictions for how small amplitude fixational eye movements should be modulated by visual context in order to improve visual perception. In particular, the amplitude of fixational eye movements is predicted to differ when localizing edges defined by changes in texture or luminance.
http://ift.tt/2fzGJr4
Cultural competence for the 21st century dermatologist practicing in the United States
Significant health disparities exist among under-represented minorities in the Unites States, which can partially be accounted for by the quality of patient-physician interaction. A distinguishing factor of this interaction is the ability of the provider to demonstrate cultural competence, or address the social, cultural, and community influences on healthcare behaviors and incorporate these elements into patient care. However, this practice has yet to be universally implemented in our healthcare system.
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Gefitinib for patients with incurable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A single-arm phase II clinical trial
Preclinical data demonstrate a key role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the carcinogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs). There are, however, limited data on the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in incurable, recurrent, and/or metastatic CSCC.
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Recurrent scarring papulovesicular lesions on sun-exposed skin in a 22-year-old man
A 22-year-old white man has been followed in the Clinical Center at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for recurrent outbreaks of scarring herpetiform lesions on sun-exposed areas. The patient and/or parents signed consent forms and were followed under NIH protocols that were approved by the institutional review boards of the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Cancer Institute.
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Racial and ethnic differences in health care utilization for childhood eczema: An analysis of the 2001-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys
Eczema is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin. Studies suggest differences in disease prevalence and severity by race/ethnicity. Our knowledge of health care utilization for eczema among different racial/ethnic groups remains limited.
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Comparison of snoring sounds between natural and drug-induced sleep recorded using a smartphone
Snoring is an important clinical feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and recent studies suggest that the acoustic quality of snoring sounds is markedly different in drug-induced sleep compared with natural sleep. However, considering differences in sound recording methods and analysis parameters, further studies are required. This study explored whether acoustic analysis of drug-induced sleep is useful as a screening test that reflects the characteristics of natural sleep in snoring patients.
http://ift.tt/2wXZJSK
Comparison of snoring sounds between natural and drug-induced sleep recorded using a smartphone
Snoring is an important clinical feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and recent studies suggest that the acoustic quality of snoring sounds is markedly different in drug-induced sleep compared with natural sleep. However, considering differences in sound recording methods and analysis parameters, further studies are required. This study explored whether acoustic analysis of drug-induced sleep is useful as a screening test that reflects the characteristics of natural sleep in snoring patients.
http://ift.tt/2wXZJSK
The Role of Allergy in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
The role of allergy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has long been debated and remains controversial. The 2 diseases frequently co-occur; however, direct causality has never been proved. The literature is largely mixed as to the manner and degree by which allergy contributes to CRS and this is in large part due to heterogeneity in the definitions of allergy and of CRS. In this review, the potential role of allergy in the disease processes of CRS without polyps, CRS with polyps, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is discussed.
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Advances in Food Allergy
Food allergy has been increasing in prevalence for the last few decades, and numerous studies have evaluated ways of improving the allergy practitioner's ability to accurately diagnose patients who are truly food allergic, rather than sensitive but able to tolerate food. Once diagnosed, the current standard treatment is food elimination and avoidance, but other potential treatment options like oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy, and epicutaneous immunotherapy are becoming promising alternatives. Due the health care costs and potential for life-threatening adverse reactions, much attention has been given to the prevention of food allergies, resulting a shift in recent guideline recommendations.
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Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous and Sublingual Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma
Allergic rhinitis is often associated with asthma and has significant impacts on health care costs and productivity in the United States. Although allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy are effective, allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment that may lead to improved allergy symptoms even after treatment is discontinued. Subcutaneous immunotherapy has been the mainstay of allergen-specific immunotherapy in the United States for decades, but sublingual immunotherapy has recently become available. This review discusses the use of subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma and reviews the current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of both formulations.
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Immunotherapy
Polysensitization, sensitization to more than one allergen, is a common feature of patients with allergic rhinitis, and may be a risk factor for subsequent development of allergic diseases, especially allergic asthma. However, a polysensitized patient does not necessarily have polyallergy, a documented, causal relationship between exposure to 2 or more specific, sensitizing allergens and the subsequent occurrence of relevant clinical symptoms of allergy. Allergen immunotherapy treatment strategy for the polysensitized patient in Europe is to treat the single or 2 most clinically relevant allergen(s), whereas patients in the United States are usually treated for all potential clinically relevant allergens.
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Contemporary Pharmacotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are chronic conditions causing nasal inflammation. CRS is increasingly recognized as a chronic inflammatory process rather than a chronic infection. Although the primary initiating factors in CRS remain unclear, AR is driven by IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to environmental allergens. Understanding the underlying inflammatory pathways and disease endotypes are driving innovation toward novel pharmacotherapies targeting critical mediators implicated in CRS and AR, including IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IgE, and epithelial initiators IL-33 and TSLP. Extensive investigations are needed to determine the role, timing, predictive prognostic factors and long-term safety and efficacy of these agents.
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Comparison of Emla cream and lidocaine injection for local anaesthetic before radiofrequency reduction of the inferior turbinates
We compared the effectiveness of local anaesthetic with Emla cream with that of an injection of lidocaine for radiofrequency reduction of the inferior turbinates. We studied 98 consecutive patients with hypertrophied inferior turbinates, 46 of whom were given Emla cream and 52 lidocaine injection. The procedure began five minutes after the injection of lidocaine and 10minutes after the Emla cream had been applied. Patients were asked to indicate on a visual analogue scale (VAS) the degree of perioperative pain, anxiety, sensation of choking, and discomfort on swallowing that they felt after the procedure.
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Multidisciplinary team approach in the oral rehabilitation of patients with cleidocranial dysplasia to achieve a functional aesthetic outcome
Cleidocranial dysplasia is a hereditary congenital disorder that results in delayed ossification of midline structures, and is caused by mutations in the RunX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2) gene located on the short arm of chromosome 6. Successful treatment depends on multidisciplinary assessment and a comprehensive staged treatment plan. We present a case series of 12 patients who were managed with a specifically tailored combination of surgery, orthodontics, and prosthodontics to provide a functional dentition and restore their smile and facial contour.
http://ift.tt/2k4adyI
Beneficial effect of botulinum toxin A on secondary ischaemic injury of skin flaps in rats
Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) protects against primary ischaemia of skin flaps, but its effect on secondary ischaemia is unknown. We induced secondary arterial or venous ischaemia in skin flaps of 32 Wistar rats, and tested the effectiveness of BTX injected subcutaneously 12hours before the flap was raised. The animals were divided into two groups of 16 (arterial or venous). Eight animals in each group were then treated with saline 1ml (control), and eight with BTX-A 5 IU (treatment). Ischaemia and necrosis were assessed after five days.
http://ift.tt/2yuh3jo
The Effect of Manufacturing Techniques on Custom-Made Titanium Cranioplasty Plates: A Pilot Study
This study investigated the effect of varying techniques on the surface characteristics of pressed titanium cranioplasty plates, commonly manufactured in laboratory practice. The aim was to highlight the variety of techniques currently used, assess these methods of manufacture and produce manufacturing recommendations.
http://ift.tt/2y9IW47
Protective effect of proanthocyanidin on mice Sertoli cell apoptosis induced by zearalenone via the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway
Abstract
This study evaluated the protective effect of proanthocyanidin (PC) on the cytotoxicity of the Sertoli cell TM4 of mice, as induced by zearalenone (ZEA). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of cells in each group. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances were detected by using a proprietary kit; the RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression level of mRNA, the related genes of Nrf2/ARE signal pathway, the nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and the expression level of mRNA, the apoptosis-related genes, Bcl-2 and Bax; the Western-blot method was used to detect the protein expression levels of Nrf2, GSH-Px, HO-1, γ-GCS and NQO1 in each group. Our results showed that PC could reduce the apoptosis rate of the TM4 cells exposed to ZEA (p < 0.01); PC could enhance the decrease in the activities of T-SOD and GSH-Px induced by ZEA (p < 0.05), reduce the increase in the content of MDA, as caused by ZEA; PC could significantly up-regulate the down-regulation levels of the mRNA and protein of Nrf2, GSH-Px, HO-1, γ-GCS and NQO1 induced by ZEA. PC could enhance the decrease in the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 and down-regulate the mRNA expression of Bax induced by ZEA (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that PC conferred protective effects against oxidative damage and apoptosis of TM4 cells induced by ZEA. The protection mechanism of PC on TM4 cells might act through the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway.
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Lugol's solution eradicates Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vitro
The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of Lugol's solution, acetic acid, and boric acid against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm.
http://ift.tt/2wXx14f
Sharing the SAGA
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2017
Source:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Author(s): Dominique Helmlinger, László Tora
Transcription initiation is a major regulatory step in eukaryotic gene expression. Co-activators establish transcriptionally competent promoter architectures and chromatin signatures to allow the formation of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), comprising RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and general transcription factors (GTFs). Many GTFs and co-activators are multisubunit complexes, in which individual components are organized into functional modules carrying specific activities. Recent advances in affinity purification and mass spectrometry analyses have revealed that these complexes often share functional modules, rather than containing unique components. This observation appears remarkably prevalent for chromatin-modifying and remodeling complexes. Here, we use the modular organization of the evolutionary conserved Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex as a paradigm to illustrate how co-activators share and combine a relatively limited set of functional tools.
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Regulation of the Hippo Pathway Transcription Factor TEAD
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2017
Source:Trends in Biochemical Sciences
Author(s): Kimberly C. Lin, Hyun Woo Park, Kun-Liang Guan
The TEAD transcription factor family is best known for transcriptional output of the Hippo signaling pathway and has been implicated in processes such as development, cell growth and proliferation, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Our understanding of the functional importance of TEADs has increased dramatically since its initial discovery three decades ago. The majority of our knowledge of TEADs is in the context of Hippo signaling as nuclear DNA-binding proteins passively activated by Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional activator with PDZ-binding domain (TAZ), transcription coactivators downstream of the Hippo pathway. However, recent studies suggest that TEAD itself is actively regulated. Here, we highlight evidence demonstrating Hippo-independent regulation of TEADs and the potential impacts these studies may have on new cancer therapeutics.
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Phonation Analysis Combined with 3D Reconstruction of the Thyroarytenoid Muscle in Aged Ovine Ex Vivo Larynx Models
The aim of the study was to establish a basic data set of combined functional and anatomical measures of aged sheep larynges using ex vivo models. Combining these two approaches in one and the same larynx is an unmet goal so far yet is important as newer treatment strategies aim to preserve the organ structure and new assessment tools are required. Ovine larynges were used as their dimensions, and muscle fiber type distribution highly resemble the human larynx.
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Editorial Board
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, Volume 134, Issue 5
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Contents
Source:European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, Volume 134, Issue 5
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The Effect of Prophylactic Phenylephrine and Ephedrine Infusions on Umbilical Artery Blood pH in Women With Preeclampsia Undergoing Cesarean Delivery With Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.
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The Effect of Zinc Lozenge on Postoperative Sore Throat: A Prospective Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Study.
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Sleep-dependent motor sequence memory consolidation in individuals with periodic limb movements
Periodic limb movements (PLMs) during sleep increase with age and are associated with striatal neurodegeneration and dopamine deficiency. Limb movements are often associated with disruptions to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Motor skill memory consolidation recruits the striatum, and learning-dependent striatal activation is associated with NREM sleep. Therefore, we investigated whether de novo individuals who experience significantly elevated levels of PLMs but have not been formally diagnosed with periodic limb movement disorder had learning and sleep-related memory deficits, and if these deficits related to sleep quality and symptom severity.
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Shifting paradigm of cancer diagnoses in clinically relevant samples based on miniaturized electrochemical nanobiosensors and microfluidic devices
Publication date: 15 February 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 100
Author(s): Kuldeep Mahato, Ashutosh Kumar, Pawan Kumar Maurya, Pranjal Chandra
Cancer is one of leading causes of death in the world and occurs in more than two hundred types according to the National Cancer Institute. Its early diagnosis has been remained a prime focus amongst scientists and clinicians since long, not only to understand the complications but also to mitigate its chance of further proliferation. Nowadays, tremendous advances in nanotechnology-empowered diagnostics are serving a substantial input to identify biomarkers associated with various cancers. These biomarkers are found in different forms including overexpressed proteins/surface antigens, metabolites, miRNA, and the entire cell as well. Several approaches have been adopted to detect such cancer biomarkers, where electrochemical sensors have widely been appreciated due to its high sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and miniaturized point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Due to its immense importance, the present review has been formulated describing classical concepts of cancer biomarker discovery followed by the recent status of electrochemical biosensors for cancer diagnoses. Particularly, we have summarized the state-of-the-art technologies based on potentiometric, impedimetric, amperometric, voltammetric biosensors for the detection of different biomarkers viz. protein, miRNA, whole cell and biomarkers generated by metabolic shift in response to carcinoma population. Apart from these, we have also highlighted different deliverable microfluidics-based approaches and recent prototypes for cancer detection. To put various perceptive insights on the recent advancements in cancer diagnostics, an extended table is incorporated, which includes sensor fabrication strategies, type of biomarkers, detection strategies, and analytical performance of the cancer biosensor since last five years (2013–2017).
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Aptamer-based hydrogel barcodes for the capture and detection of multiple types of pathogenic bacteria
Publication date: 15 February 2018
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 100
Author(s): Yueshuang Xu, Huan Wang, Chengxin Luan, Yuxiao Liu, Baoan Chen, Yuanjin Zhao
Rapid and sensitive diagnosing hematological infections based on the separation and detection of pathogenic bacteria in the patient's blood is a significant challenge. To address this, we herein present a new barcodes technology that can simultaneously capture and detect multiple types of pathogenic bacteria from a complex sample. The barcodes are poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel inverse opal particles with characteristic reflection peak codes that remain stable during bacteria capture on their surfaces. As the spherical surface of the particles has ordered porous nanostructure, the barcodes can provide not only more surface area for probe immobilization and reaction, but also a nanopatterned platform for highly efficient bioreactions. In addition, the PEG hydrogel scaffold could decrease the non-specificity adsorption by its anti-adhesive effect, and the decorated aptamer probes in the scaffolds could increase the sensitivity, reliability, and specificity of the bacteria capture and detection. Moreover, the tagged magnetic nanoparticles in the PEG scaffold could impart the barcodes with controllable movement under magnetic fields, which can be used to significantly increase the reaction speed and simplify the processing of the bioassays. Based on the describe barcodes, it was demonstrated that the bacteria could be captured and identified even at low bacterial concentrations (100 CFU mL−1) within 2.5h, which is effectively shortened in comparison with the "gold standard" in clinic. These features make the barcodes ideal for capturing and detecting multiple bacteria from clinical samples for hematological infection diagnostics.
Graphical abstract
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Preliminary results of the association of Palbociclib and radiotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Sophie Hans, Paul Cottu, Youlia M. Kirova
http://ift.tt/2xBwZkv
Investigation of magnetic field effects on the dose–response of 3D dosimeters for magnetic resonance – image guided radiation therapy applications
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Hannah J. Lee, Yvonne Roed, Sara Venkataraman, Mitchell Carroll, Geoffrey S. Ibbott
Background and purposeThe strong magnetic field of integrated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and radiation treatment systems influences secondary electrons resulting in changes in dose deposition in three dimensions. To fill the need for volumetric dose quality assurance, we investigated the effects of strong magnetic fields on 3D dosimeters for MR-image-guided radiation therapy (MR-IGRT) applications.Material and methodsThere are currently three main categories of 3D dosimeters, and the following were used in this study: radiochromic plastic (PRESAGE®), radiochromic gel (FOX), and polymer gel (BANG™). For the purposes of batch consistency, an electromagnet was used for same-day irradiations with and without a strong magnetic field (B0, 1.5T for PRESAGE® and FOX and 1.0T for BANG™).ResultsFor PRESAGE®, the percent difference in optical signal with and without B0 was 1.5% at the spectral peak of 632nm. For FOX, the optical signal percent difference was 1.6% at 440nm and 0.5% at 585nm. For BANG™, the percent difference in R2 MR signal was 0.7%.ConclusionsThe percent differences in responses with and without strong magnetic fields were minimal for all three 3D dosimeter systems. These 3D dosimeters therefore can be applied to MR-IGRT without requiring a correction factor.
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Metastatic Lung Cancer Treated With PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors and Radiotherapy
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How Safe Are Various Systemic Therapies for Pediatric Psoriasis?
Reuters Health Information
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EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy: IgE-mediated Food Allergy
Abstract
Food allergy can result in considerable morbidity, impairment of quality of life and healthcare expenditure. There is therefore interest in novel strategies for its treatment, particularly food allergen immunotherapy (FA-AIT) through the oral (OIT), sublingual (SLIT) or epicutaneous (EPIT) routes. This Guideline, prepared by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Task Force on Allergen Immunotherapy for IgE-mediated Food Allergy, aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for active treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy with FA-AIT. Immunotherapy relies on the delivery of gradually increasing doses of specific allergen to increase the threshold of reaction while on therapy (also known as desensitization) and ultimately to achieve post-discontinuation effectiveness (also known as tolerance or sustained unresponsiveness). Oral FA-AIT has most frequently been assessed: here the allergen is either immediately swallowed (OIT) or held under the tongue for a period of time (SLIT). Overall, trials have found substantial benefit for patients undergoing either OIT or SLIT with respect to efficacy during treatment, particularly for cow's milk, hen's egg and peanut allergies. A benefit post-discontinuation is also suggested, but not confirmed. Adverse events during FA-AIT have been frequently reported, but few subjects discontinue FA-AIT as a result of these. Taking into account the current evidence, FA-AIT should only be performed in research centers or in clinical centers with an extensive experience in FA-AIT. Patients and their families should be provided with information about the use of FA-AIT for IgE-mediated food allergy to allow them to make an informed decision about the therapy.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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The pruritogenic mediator endothelin-1 shifts the dendritic cell–T-cell response toward Th17/Th1 polarization
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. ET-1 is enhanced in the skin of AD and psoriasis patients. In addition, plasma levels of ET-1 are elevated in AD and psoriasis. Although both AD and psoriasis are T cell–mediated skin diseases, the association between ET-1 and the T-cell immune response has not been clarified. To evaluate the role of ET-1 in inflammatory skin disease, we sought to investigate the effects of ET-1 on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent immune responses. For this purpose, we immunohistochemically confirmed the upregulation of ET-1 in the epidermis of patients with AD or psoriasis. ET-1 directly induced phenotypic maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). In addition, ET-1 augmented the production of several cytokines and allogeneic stimulatory capacity of BMDCs. Interestingly, ET-1–activated BMDCs primed T cells to produce Th1 and Th17 cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines. These findings indicate that ET-1 polarizes the DC–T-cell response towards Th17/1 differentiation and may augment the persistent course of inflammatory skin diseases.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2k2F4vv
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis beyond childhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Abstract
There are sparse and conflicting data regarding the long-term clinical course of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although often described as a primarily childhood disease, newer population-based estimates suggest the prevalence of pediatric and adult disease may be similar. Our objective was to determine whether there is a decline in the prevalence of AD in population-based cohorts of patients followed longitudinally beyond childhood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including studies assessing AD prevalence across 3 or more points in time. The primary outcome was weighted overall risk difference (percentage decrease in AD prevalence). Of 2,080 references reviewed, 7 studies with 13,515 participants were included. Participants were assessed at 3-6 time points, ranging from age 3 months to 26 years. The percentage decrease in prevalence after age 12 was 1%, which was not significantly different from zero (95% confidence interval -2% to 5%). Similar results were found with other age cut-offs. In conclusion, the prevalence of AD in longitudinal birth cohort studies is similar in childhood and early adulthood.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2y8RyIn
The pruritogenic mediator endothelin-1 shifts the dendritic cell–T-cell response toward Th17/Th1 polarization
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis. ET-1 is enhanced in the skin of AD and psoriasis patients. In addition, plasma levels of ET-1 are elevated in AD and psoriasis. Although both AD and psoriasis are T cell–mediated skin diseases, the association between ET-1 and the T-cell immune response has not been clarified. To evaluate the role of ET-1 in inflammatory skin disease, we sought to investigate the effects of ET-1 on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and subsequent immune responses. For this purpose, we immunohistochemically confirmed the upregulation of ET-1 in the epidermis of patients with AD or psoriasis. ET-1 directly induced phenotypic maturation of bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). In addition, ET-1 augmented the production of several cytokines and allogeneic stimulatory capacity of BMDCs. Interestingly, ET-1–activated BMDCs primed T cells to produce Th1 and Th17 cytokines, but not Th2 cytokines. These findings indicate that ET-1 polarizes the DC–T-cell response towards Th17/1 differentiation and may augment the persistent course of inflammatory skin diseases.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2k2F4vv
The prevalence of atopic dermatitis beyond childhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies
Abstract
There are sparse and conflicting data regarding the long-term clinical course of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although often described as a primarily childhood disease, newer population-based estimates suggest the prevalence of pediatric and adult disease may be similar. Our objective was to determine whether there is a decline in the prevalence of AD in population-based cohorts of patients followed longitudinally beyond childhood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including studies assessing AD prevalence across 3 or more points in time. The primary outcome was weighted overall risk difference (percentage decrease in AD prevalence). Of 2,080 references reviewed, 7 studies with 13,515 participants were included. Participants were assessed at 3-6 time points, ranging from age 3 months to 26 years. The percentage decrease in prevalence after age 12 was 1%, which was not significantly different from zero (95% confidence interval -2% to 5%). Similar results were found with other age cut-offs. In conclusion, the prevalence of AD in longitudinal birth cohort studies is similar in childhood and early adulthood.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
http://ift.tt/2y8RyIn
Hypermethylated ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in mouth rinse samples as biomarkers for oral dysplasia and oral cancer detection
Abstract
Background
Effective biomarkers for oral cancer screening are important for early diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer.
Methods
Oral epithelial cell samples collected by mouth rinse were obtained from 65 normal control subjects, 108 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders, and 94 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methylation levels of zinc-finger protein 582 (ZNF582) and paired-box 1 (PAX1) genes were quantified by real-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction after bisulfite conversion.
Results
An abrupt increase in methylated ZNF582 (ZNF582m) and PAX1 (PAX1m) levels and positive rates from mild dysplasia to moderate/severe dysplasia, indicating that both ZNF582m and PAX1m are effective biomarkers for differentiating moderate dysplasia or worse (MODY+) oral lesions. When ZNF582m/PAX1m tests were used for identifying MODY+ oral lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, and odds ratio (OR) were 0.65/0.64, 0.75/0.82, and 5.6/8.0, respectively.
Conclusion
Hypermethylated ZNF582 and PAX1 genes in oral epithelial cells collected by mouth rinse are effective biomarkers for the detection of oral dysplasia and oral cancer.
http://ift.tt/2wTCYUW
Survival and recurrence of resectable tongue cancer: Resection margin cutoff value by T classification
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine an appropriate cutoff value for the resection margin according to the initial T classification.
Methods
The medical records of 151 patients treated by surgery for tongue cancer were retrospectively reviewed to identify the significant perioperative parameters and appropriate cutoff value associated with disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS).
Results
The posterior resection margin was significantly correlated with survival and local recurrence (P = .020 and .016, respectively), whereas the deep resection margin was correlated with overall recurrence (P = .047). The cutoff values of the posterior and deep resection margins for survival and recurrence were different and larger in the advanced-stage T classification group (0.45 cm vs 0.95 cm and 0.25 cm vs 0.80 cm, respectively).
Conclusion
Posterior and deep resection margins are significant prognosticators in tongue cancer. A larger resection margin may be needed in advanced-stage T classification.
http://ift.tt/2yFGOyd
Use of dynamic MRI during swallowing to assess carotid artery invasion by neck metastasis
Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of dynamic MRI in evaluating the relationship between metastatic lymph nodes and the carotid artery was investigated.
Methods
Thirty-two patients with metastatic lymph nodes, possibly adherent to the carotid artery, were evaluated with dynamic MRI before surgery. Consecutive axial and oblique images were obtained during swallowing. The displacement rate of the target carotid artery to the contralateral carotid artery and the low-intensity stripe between the metastatic lymph nodes and the carotid artery wall were compared with the surgical findings.
Results
A displacement rate > 50% indicated resectable metastatic lymph nodes. Low-intensity stripe was present in 65% of patients and indicated no invasion; 82% of patients without low-intensity stripe had resectable metastatic lymph nodes. The others without low-intensity stripe required carotid artery resection due to malignant invasion. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity were 78%, 83%, and 100%, respectively.
Conclusion
Dynamic MRI during swallowing is useful for assessing suspected carotid artery involvement in patients with metastatic lymph nodes to achieve maximal safe resection.
http://ift.tt/2wVhAyn
Surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve: A new classification system for selective upper airway stimulation
Abstract
Background
Selective upper airway stimulation (UAS) has shown effectiveness in treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The terminating branches of the hypoglossal nerve show a wide complexity, requiring careful discernment of a functional breakpoint between branches for inclusion and exclusion from the stimulation cuff electrode. The purpose of this study was to describe and categorize the topographic phenotypes of these branches.
Methods
Thirty patients who received an implant with selective UAS from July 2015 to June 2016 were included. All implantations were recorded using a microscope and resultant tongue motions were captured perioperatively for comparison.
Results
Eight different variations of the branches were encountered and described, both in a tabular numeric fashion and in pictorial schema.
Conclusion
The examinations showed the complex phenotypic surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve. A schematic classification system has been developed to help surgeons identify the optimal location for cuff placement in UAS.
http://ift.tt/2wTCY7o
Management of paratracheal lymph nodes in laryngeal cancer with subglottic involvement
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to present our findings on the involvement of paratracheal lymph nodes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with subglottis extension, which is controversial.
Methods
We assessed 196 patients with laryngeal SCC involving the subglottis, treated with open laryngeal surgery with or without paratracheal neck dissection (PTND). The relationship of the paratracheal lymph node metastatic pattern with laterocervical nodal status and tumor location within different subglottic subsites was analyzed. The influence of PTND on regional disease control was assessed.
Results
Paratracheal lymph nodes were affected in 12.2% of cases. An increased frequency (P = .064) of paratracheal metastasis was noticed in case of anterior subglottis extension with respect to other subsites. A correlation (P < .001) between paratracheal lymph node and laterocervical node involvement was found among subjects with posterior subglottic extension.
Conclusions
Prophylactic PTND is indicated in laryngeal SCC with anterior subglottic extension and/or posterior subglottis involvement with clinically apparent laterocervical node metastases.
http://ift.tt/2yGRsEG
Survival outcomes for postoperative chemoradiation in intermediate-risk oral tongue cancers
Abstract
Background
The survival outcomes for surgery + postoperative radiotherapy (S+RT) or surgery + postoperative chemoradiation (S+CRT) was compared in patients having oral tongue cancers with intermediate-risk pathological features.
Methods
Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), overall survival (OS) for S+RT or S+CRT was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models in the entire population (n = 2803) and in a propensity-matched cohort (n = 1136).
Results
The 3-year OS was 73.3% for S+CRT versus 66.7% for S+RT (P = .02). The S+CRT improved the 3-year OS for patients with 2 or more involved metastatic lymph nodes (≥2 MLNs; P = .01) but not for patients with <2 MLNs (P = .73). Undergoing S+CRT improved the 3-year OS for patients with pathologic T classification (pT) pT3-pT4 disease (P = .01) but not for patients with pT1-pT2 disease (P = .18).
Conclusion
Undergoing S+CRT was associated with improved survival for patients with tongue cancers with ≥2 MLNs and/or pT3-pT4 suggesting that specific intermediate-risk pathological features benefit from treatment intensification.
http://ift.tt/2wUAmpz
Clinical results of definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical esophageal cancer: Comparison of failure pattern and toxicities between intensity-modulated radiotherapy and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy
Abstract
Background
The efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical esophageal cancer has not been determined.
Methods
Eighty patients with cervical esophageal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy from 2002 to 2014 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), failure patterns, and toxicity incidence were compared between the IMRT (N = 32) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (RT; N = 48) groups.
Results
The median follow-up was 35.9 months. The 3-year OS of the IMRT, 3D conformal RT, and total groups was 81.6%, 57.2%, and 66.6%, respectively. Pulmonary toxicity was not observed with IMRT. Six of 62 cases (9.6%) with nodal involvement developed upper cervical node recurrence outside the prophylactic region. Ten patients in the IMRT group were salvaged, and 60% survived without recurrence; 20% of the 3D conformal RT group was salvaged.
Conclusion
The IMRT group was comparable with 3D conformal RT group, with a better salvage rate. We recommend extended cervical irradiation for nodal involvement.
http://ift.tt/2y8L0cJ
Tubeless tracheal resection and reconstruction for management of benign stenosis
Abstract
Background
We reported a tubeless tracheal resection and reconstruction for the management of benign posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis.
Methods
A 34-year-old man with stridor, severe respiratory distress, and recurrent pneumonia was referred to our attention for treatment of benign posttracheostomy tracheal stenosis. As he refused general anesthesia, the procedure was performed while he was under local anesthesia and spontaneous ventilation.
Results
Sedation was started with infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.7 mg/kg/min and of remifentanil 0.5 mg/kg/h; also, 40%-50% oxygen was delivered using a laryngeal mask at a rate of 3.5 mL/min. An additional dose of 2% lidocaine was injected into the surgical site during the operation to achieve an adequate level of anesthesia. A standard resection and reconstruction of trachea was carried out and no recurrence was found in the follow-up of 41 months.
Conclusion
Tubeless tracheal surgery seems to be a feasible and safe procedure. Larger prospective series should validate our results.
http://ift.tt/2yFGRdn
Thyroid-stimulating hormone suppression therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer: The role for a combined T3/T4 approach
Abstract
Background
In the management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, surgery with or without postoperative radioiodine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression is the standard of care in most patients. Levothyroxine is recommended for long-term TSH suppression. For some patients, this may be difficult to tolerate due to adverse effects, such as impaired cognitive function.
Methods
This article reviews the evidence for the role of combination treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) and levothyroxine (T4) in these patients.
Results
The evidence for combination T3 and T4 treatment comes mainly from studies on hypothyroidism, and research into its use for TSH suppression is limited.
Conclusion
Although the evidence base is not strong, there is a small group of patients who may benefit from combination T3 and T4 treatment due to difficulty tolerating thyroxine. Until further evidence is available, a case-by-case approach is recommended.
http://ift.tt/2yIo1T0
Surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve: A new classification system for selective upper airway stimulation
Abstract
Background
Selective upper airway stimulation (UAS) has shown effectiveness in treating patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The terminating branches of the hypoglossal nerve show a wide complexity, requiring careful discernment of a functional breakpoint between branches for inclusion and exclusion from the stimulation cuff electrode. The purpose of this study was to describe and categorize the topographic phenotypes of these branches.
Methods
Thirty patients who received an implant with selective UAS from July 2015 to June 2016 were included. All implantations were recorded using a microscope and resultant tongue motions were captured perioperatively for comparison.
Results
Eight different variations of the branches were encountered and described, both in a tabular numeric fashion and in pictorial schema.
Conclusion
The examinations showed the complex phenotypic surgical anatomy of the hypoglossal nerve. A schematic classification system has been developed to help surgeons identify the optimal location for cuff placement in UAS.
http://ift.tt/2wTCY7o
Management of paratracheal lymph nodes in laryngeal cancer with subglottic involvement
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to present our findings on the involvement of paratracheal lymph nodes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with subglottis extension, which is controversial.
Methods
We assessed 196 patients with laryngeal SCC involving the subglottis, treated with open laryngeal surgery with or without paratracheal neck dissection (PTND). The relationship of the paratracheal lymph node metastatic pattern with laterocervical nodal status and tumor location within different subglottic subsites was analyzed. The influence of PTND on regional disease control was assessed.
Results
Paratracheal lymph nodes were affected in 12.2% of cases. An increased frequency (P = .064) of paratracheal metastasis was noticed in case of anterior subglottis extension with respect to other subsites. A correlation (P < .001) between paratracheal lymph node and laterocervical node involvement was found among subjects with posterior subglottic extension.
Conclusions
Prophylactic PTND is indicated in laryngeal SCC with anterior subglottic extension and/or posterior subglottis involvement with clinically apparent laterocervical node metastases.
http://ift.tt/2yGRsEG
Survival outcomes for postoperative chemoradiation in intermediate-risk oral tongue cancers
Abstract
Background
The survival outcomes for surgery + postoperative radiotherapy (S+RT) or surgery + postoperative chemoradiation (S+CRT) was compared in patients having oral tongue cancers with intermediate-risk pathological features.
Methods
Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), overall survival (OS) for S+RT or S+CRT was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard models in the entire population (n = 2803) and in a propensity-matched cohort (n = 1136).
Results
The 3-year OS was 73.3% for S+CRT versus 66.7% for S+RT (P = .02). The S+CRT improved the 3-year OS for patients with 2 or more involved metastatic lymph nodes (≥2 MLNs; P = .01) but not for patients with <2 MLNs (P = .73). Undergoing S+CRT improved the 3-year OS for patients with pathologic T classification (pT) pT3-pT4 disease (P = .01) but not for patients with pT1-pT2 disease (P = .18).
Conclusion
Undergoing S+CRT was associated with improved survival for patients with tongue cancers with ≥2 MLNs and/or pT3-pT4 suggesting that specific intermediate-risk pathological features benefit from treatment intensification.
http://ift.tt/2wUAmpz
Impact of oral hygiene on head and neck cancer risk in a Chinese population
Abstract
Background
Although the impact of oral hygiene on head and neck cancer risk has been investigated, few studies have been conducted among the Asian population.
Methods
We conducted a multicenter case-control study to investigate this potential association. We performed unconditional multiple logistic regression models adjusted by potential confounders.
Results
We observed an inverse association of frequency of dental visits with head and neck cancer risk, with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.70 (95% CI 2.51-5.45) for never dental visits compared with ≥1 time/year (Ptrend < .001). We also observed a positive association between the number of missing teeth and head and neck cancer risk, with an adjusted OR for ≥5 missing teeth compared with <5 missing teeth of 1.49 (95% CI 1.08-2.04). Combining multiple oral hygiene indicators, poor oral hygiene scores increased head and neck cancer risk.
Conclusion
Poor oral hygiene may increase head and neck cancer risk in the Chinese population. Therefore, improving oral hygiene may contribute to reducing the head and neck cancer risk in the Chinese population.
http://ift.tt/2k2YwbH
Clinical results of definitive chemoradiotherapy for cervical esophageal cancer: Comparison of failure pattern and toxicities between intensity-modulated radiotherapy and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy
Abstract
Background
The efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for cervical esophageal cancer has not been determined.
Methods
Eighty patients with cervical esophageal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy from 2002 to 2014 were analyzed. Overall survival (OS), failure patterns, and toxicity incidence were compared between the IMRT (N = 32) and 3D conformal radiotherapy (RT; N = 48) groups.
Results
The median follow-up was 35.9 months. The 3-year OS of the IMRT, 3D conformal RT, and total groups was 81.6%, 57.2%, and 66.6%, respectively. Pulmonary toxicity was not observed with IMRT. Six of 62 cases (9.6%) with nodal involvement developed upper cervical node recurrence outside the prophylactic region. Ten patients in the IMRT group were salvaged, and 60% survived without recurrence; 20% of the 3D conformal RT group was salvaged.
Conclusion
The IMRT group was comparable with 3D conformal RT group, with a better salvage rate. We recommend extended cervical irradiation for nodal involvement.
http://ift.tt/2y8L0cJ
Large shrubs increase soil nutrients in a semi-arid savanna
Publication date: 15 January 2018
Source:Geoderma, Volume 310
Author(s): David Ward, Juliane Trinogga, Kerstin Wiegand, Justin du Toit, Desale Okubamichael, Sabine Reinsch, Jana Schleicher
The soil under savanna woody species is often enriched in nutrients in what is termed an 'island of fertility'. We tested for positive feedbacks between encroaching woody plants and soil fertility in two co-occurring shrub species at three sites. One of these shrub species is nitrogen-fixing, Acacia mellifera, and the other is non‑nitrogen-fixing, Tarchonanthus camphoratus; we compared these effects to the grasslands surrounding the shrub patches. We found that soil nutrient concentrations were usually related to shrub size rather than the species. Fertile patches developed underneath large shrubs as indicated by higher carbon and nitrogen concentrations, a higher CECeff (especially sodium, which is a limiting nutrient for grazing livestock) and a pH near 6. We found no difference in soil nitrogen between the N-fixing A. mellifera and T. camphoratus. Plant cover under large shrubs was less than in open grassland. There are 'islands of fertility' under large shrubs. However, the development of fertility islands did not facilitate understorey growth. Thus, increased soil fertility had no positive feedback on overall vegetation composition. Negative effects of the woody vegetation may override the positive effects of increased soil nutrient availability.
http://ift.tt/2fS88RO
Extracellular superoxide dismutase and its role in cancer
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Brandon Griess, Eric Tom, Frederick Domann, Melissa Teoh-Fitzgerald
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of cellular signaling and a strict balance of ROS levels must be maintained to ensure proper cellular function and survival. Notably, ROS is increased in cancer cells. The superoxide dismutase family plays an essential physiological role in mitigating deleterious effects of ROS. Due to the compartmentalization of ROS signaling, EcSOD, the only superoxide dismutase in the extracellular space, has unique characteristics and functions in cellular signal transduction. In comparison to the other two intracellular SODs, EcSOD is a relatively new comer in terms of its tumor suppressive role in cancer and the mechanisms involved are less well understood. Nevertheless, the degree of differential expression of this extracellular antioxidant in cancer versus normal cells/tissues is more pronounced and prevalent than the other SODs. A significant association of low EcSOD expression with reduced cancer patient survival further suggests that loss of extracellular redox regulation promotes a conducive microenvironment that favors cancer progression. The vast array of mechanisms reported in mediating deregulation of EcSOD expression, function, and cellular distribution also supports that loss of this extracellular antioxidant provides a selective advantage to cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of EcSOD inhibits tumor growth and metastasis, indicating a role as a tumor suppressor. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanisms of deregulation and tumor suppressive function of EcSOD in cancer.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2hyseAT
GL-V9 induced upregulation and mitochondrial localization of NAG-1 associates with ROS generation and cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Xiaobo Zhang, Yue Kang, Tongxin Huo, Ran Tao, Xiaoping Wang, Zhiyu Li, Qinglong Guo, Li Zhao
We have previously reported that a newly synthesized compound, GL-V9 could induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood yet. In current study, we further showed that GL-V9 exhibited significant inhibitory effect on growth of several hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Moreover, GL-V9-induced growth inhibition was coincident with the strong upregulation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1), a TGFβ superfamily member, which has been linked with tumor suppression. Further analysis uncovered that GL-V9-activated p38 MAPK pathway contributed to enhancement of NAG-1 mRNA stability. Interestingly, we observed that the intracellular NAG-1 protein induced by GL-V9 could, at least in part, localize in mitochondria where it might affect protein expression, thereby resulting in dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide, eventually facilitating to apoptosis events. Silence of NAG-1 could attenuate mitochondria related apoptosis caused by GL-V9. Moreover, GL-V9 suppressed tumor growth in xenograft model accompanied with upregulation of NAG-1 in tumor tissues. Collectively, these data demonstrated that NAG-1 could play an important role in mitochondria apoptosis triggered by GL-V9, thus providing novel mechanistic explanations and potential target for using GL-V9 as a chemotherapeutic agent against human hepatocellular carcinoma.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2hzvE6l
The peroxyl radical-induced oxidation of Escherichia coli FtsZ and its single tryptophan mutant (Y222W) modifies specific side-chains, generates protein cross-links and affects biological function
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Elizabeth Escobar-Álvarez, Fabian Leinisch, Gissela Araya, Octavio Monasterio, Lasse G. Lorentzen, Eduardo Silva, Michael J. Davies, Camilo López-Alarcón
FtsZ (filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) is a key protein in bacteria cell division. The wild-type Escherichia coli FtsZ sequence (FtsZwt) contains three tyrosine (Tyr, Y) and sixteen methionine (Met, M) residues. The Tyr at position 222 is a key residue for FtsZ polymerization. Mutation of this residue to tryptophan (Trp, W; mutant Y222W) inhibits GTPase activity resulting in an extended time in the polymerized state compared to FtsZwt. Protein oxidation has been highlighted as a determinant process for bacteria resistance and consequently oxidation of FtsZwt and the Y222W mutant, by peroxyl radicals (ROO•) generated from AAPH (2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride) was studied. The non-oxidized proteins showed differences in their polymerization behavior, with this favored by the presence of Trp at position 222. AAPH-treatment of the proteins inhibited polymerization. Protein integrity studies using SDS-PAGE revealed the presence of both monomers and oligomers (dimers, trimers and high mass material) on oxidation. Western blotting indicated the presence of significant levels of protein carbonyls. Amino acid analysis showed that Tyr, Trp (in the Y222W mutant), and Met were consumed by ROO•. Quantification of the number of moles of amino acid consumed per mole of ROO• shows that most of the initial oxidant can be accounted for at low radical fluxes, with Met being a major target. Western blotting provided evidence for di-tyrosine cross-links in the dimeric and trimeric proteins, confirming that oxidation of Tyr residues, at positions 339 and/or 371, are critical to ROO•-mediated crosslinking of both the FtsZwt and Y222W mutant protein. These findings are in agreement with di-tyrosine, N-formyl kynurenine, and kynurenine quantification assessed by UPLC, and with LC-MS data obtained for AAPH-treated protein samples.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2hzEbpX
Enzymatic and free radical formation of cis- and trans- epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in vitro and in vivo
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Theresa Aliwarga, Brianne S. Raccor, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Nona Sotoodehnia, Sina A. Gharib, Libin Xu, Rheem A. Totah
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) oxidation that have important cardioprotective and signaling properties. AA is an ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is prone to autoxidation. Although hydroperoxides and isoprostanes are major autoxidation products of AA, EETs are also formed from the largely overlooked peroxyl radical addition mechanism. While autoxidation yields both cis- and trans-EETs, cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases have been shown to exclusively catalyze the formation of all regioisomer cis-EETs, on each of the double bonds. In plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membranes, cis- and trans-EETs have been observed, and both have multiple physiological functions. We developed a sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay that separates cis- and trans- isomers of EETs and applied it to determine the relative distribution of cis- vs. trans-EETs in reaction mixtures of AA subjected to free radical oxidation in benzene and liposomes in vitro. We also determined the in vivo distribution of EETs in several tissues, including human and mouse heart, and RBC membranes. We then measured EET levels in heart and RBC of young mice compared to old. Formation of EETs in free radical reactions of AA in benzene and in liposomes exhibited time- and AA concentration-dependent increase and trans-EET levels were higher than cis-EETs under both conditions. In contrast, cis-EET levels were overall higher in biological samples. In general, trans-EETs increased with mouse age more than cis-EETs. We propose a mechanism for the non-enzymatic formation of cis- and trans-EETs involving addition of the peroxyl radical to one of AA's double bonds followed by bond rotation and intramolecular homolytic substitution (SHi). Enzymatic formation of cis-EETs by cytochrome P450 most likely occurs via a one-step concerted mechanism that does not allow bond rotation. The ability to accurately measure circulating EETs resulting from autoxidation or enzymatic reactions in plasma and RBC membranes will allow for future studies investigating how these important signaling lipids correlate with heart disease outcomes.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2hzE0Lj
Oxidative and ER stress-dependent ASK1 activation in steatotic hepatocytes and Kupffer cells sensitizes mice fatty liver to ischemia/reperfusion injury
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Chiara Imarisio, Elisa Alchera, Chandrashekar Bangalore Revanna, Guido Valente, Antonia Follenzi, Elena Trisolini, Renzo Boldorini, Rita Carini
Steatosis intensifies hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury increasing hepatocyte damage and hepatic inflammation. This study evaluates if this process is associated to a differential response of steatotic hepatocytes (HP) and Kupffer cells (KC) to I/R injury and investigates the molecular mechanisms involved.Control or steatotic (treated with 50 μmol palmitic acid, PA) mouse HP or KC were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). C57BL/6 mice fed 9 week with control or High Fat diet underwent to partial hepatic IR.PA increased H/R damage of HP and further activated the ASK1-JNK axis stimulated by ER stress during H/R. PA also induced the production of oxidant species (OS), and OS prevention nullified the capacity of PA to increase H/R damage and ASK1/JNK stimulation. ASK1 inhibition prevented JNK activation and entirely protected HP damage. In KC, PA directly activated ER stress, ASK1 and p38 MAPK and increased H/R damage. However, in contrast to HP, ASK1 inhibition further increased H/R damage by preventing p38 MAPK activation. In mice liver, steatosis induced the expression of activated ASK1 in only KC, whereas I/R exposure of steatotic liver activated ASK1 expression also in HP. "In vivo", ASK1 inhibition prevented ASK1, JNK and p38 MAPK activation and protected I/R damage and expression of inflammatory markers.ConclusionsLipids-induced ASK1 stimulation differentially affects HP and KC by promoting cytotoxic or protective signals. ASK1 increases H/R damage of HP by stimulating JNK and protects KC activating p38MAPK. These data support the potentiality of the therapeutic employment of ASK1 inhibitors that can antagonize the damaging effects of I/R upon fatty liver surgery by the contextual reduction of HP death and of KC-mediated reactions.
Graphical abstract
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Control of the NADPH supply for oxidative stress handling in cancer cells
Publication date: November 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 112
Author(s): Rafael Moreno-Sánchez, Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez, Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez, Emma Saavedra, Álvaro Marín-Hernández
It has not been systematically analyzed whether the NADPH supply is a limiting factor for oxidative stress management in cancer cells. In the present work, it was determined in non-cancer and cancer cells the protein contents and kinetomics of (i) the cytosolic enzymes responsible for the NADPH production (i.e., Glc6PDH, 6PGDH, ME, IDH-1); and (ii) the two main enzymes responsible for NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG recycling (GR, GPx-1) associated to oxidative stress management. With these data, kinetic models were built and further validated. Rat liver and hepatoma AS-30D cytosolic fractions exhibited greater Vmax for IDH-1 than for Glc6PDH and 6PGDH whereas human cancer cells and platelets showed greater Vmax for Glc6PDH than for 6PGDH and IDH-1. The ME activity was comparatively low in all cell types tested. The Km values for the respective specific substrates were all similar among the different cell types. Most activities were lower in AS-30D cells than in liver. In contrast, IDH-1, Glc6PDH and GR activities in human cancer cells were similar or greater to those of platelets, but GPx-1 activity was severely suppressed, despite showing similar GPx-1 protein content vs. platelets. Kinetic analysis and pathway modeling revealed a previously unveiled feedback IDH-1 regulation by GSH. The oxidative stress management in cancer cells (i) was mainly controlled by GPx-1 and the main NADPH provider was Glc6PDH; and (ii) modeling indicated that NADPH supply was not a controlling step. These data suggested that Glc6PDH and GPx-1 are adequate and promising targets for anti-cancer therapeutic intervention.
Graphical abstract
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Thyroid Function in Children With Alopecia Areata
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Use of a Physician Extender and Dermatology Appointment Wait Times
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Chronic Urticaria in Children
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Sclerotherapy for Reticular Veins in the Lower Limbs
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Factors Associated With Chronic Urticaria in Children
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Scenario analysis of the impacts of socioeconomic development on phosphorous export and loading from the Dongting Lake watershed, China
Abstract
Socioeconomic development in lake watersheds is closely related with lake nutrient pollution. As the second largest freshwater lake in China, the Dongting Lake has been experiencing an increase in nutrient loading and a growing risk of eutrophication. This study aimed to reveal the likely impacts of the socioeconomic development of the Dongting Lake watershed on the phosphorous pollution in the lake. We estimated the contributions from different sources and sub-watersheds to the total phosphorous (TP) export and loading from the Dongting Lake watershed under two most likely socioeconomic development scenarios. Moreover, we predicted the likely permissible and actual TP loadings to the Dongting Lake. Under both two scenarios, three secondary sub-watersheds—the upper and lower reaches of the Xiang River watershed and the Dongting Lake Area—are expected to dominate the contribution to the TP export from the Dongting Lake watershed in 2020. Three primary sub-watersheds—the Dongting Lake Area, the Xiang River, and the Yuan River watersheds—are predicted to be the major contributors to the TP loading from the entire watershed. The two scenarios are expected to have a slight difference in TP export and lake TP loading. Livestock husbandry is expected to be the predominant anthropogenic TP source in each of the sub-watersheds under both scenarios. Compared to 2010, permissible TP loading is not expected to increase but actual TP loading is predicted to grow significantly in 2020. Our study provides methodologies to identify the key sources and regions of lake nutrient loading from watersheds with complex socioeconomic context, and to reveal the potential influences of socioeconomic development on nutrient pollution in lake watersheds.
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Does national scale economic and environmental indicators spur logistics performance? Evidence from UK
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the association between national economic and environmental indicators with green logistics performance in a time series data of UK since 1981 to 2016. The research used autoregressive distributed lag method to understand the long-run and short-run relationships of national scale economic (foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, per capita income) and environmental indicators (total greenhouse gases, fossil fuel, and renewable energy) on green logistics. In the short run, the research findings indicate that the green logistics and renewable energy have positive relationship, while fossil fuel is negatively correlated with green logistics operations. On the other hand, in the long run, the results show that FDI inflows, renewable energy sources, and per capita income have statistically significant and positive association with green logistics activities, while foreign investments attracted by environmental friendly policies and practices adopted in global logistics operations, which not only increase the environmental sustainability but also enhance economic activities with greater export opportunities in the region.
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EEG-Based Monitoring of Anesthetic Depth [Internet].
EEG-based monitoring of anesthetic depth is intended to complement traditional monitoring methods during anesthesia. Its primary aim is to adapt anesthesia to individual needs so patients can recover more quickly and be at lower risk for awareness while under anesthesia.
http://ift.tt/2yGt6er
Interventions to Prevent Misuse of Alcohol, Drugs and Gambling in Youth [Internet].
Background Use of alcohol, illicit drugs, doping substances, tobacco and gambling (ANDTG) are common among young people. A large number of interventions have been developed for prevention, but the evidence for them is unclear.
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The effects of low-dose hCG combined with HMG protocol on women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the effects of low-dose human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) protocol on cycle characteristics and outcomes of infertile women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF).
Design
A retrospective cohort study.
Setting
Tertiary-care academic medical centre.
Patient(s)
Forty-six infertile patients with HH and seventy-one infertile patients with tubal factor (TF) infertility undergoing IVF.
Intervention(s)
In the study group, all 46 HH patients were given low-dose hCG (50-300IU/d) in combination with HMG daily from cycle day 3. Meanwhile, a control group consisting of 71 patients with tubal factor infertility was set up, where the infertile women were given triptorelin 3.75mg on cycle day 3 for desensitization and started stimulation with HMG only five weeks later. Transvaginal ultrasound and serum sex steroids were used for monitoring the development of follicles. Ovulation was triggered by hCG 5000IU when dominant follicles matured. Viable embryos were transferred on the third day after ovum pick-up or cryopreserved for later transfer.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
The primary outcome measure was the clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included hCG day P4, ratio of E2/follicle count, number of oocytes retrieved, number of viable embryos, implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and cumulative pregnancy rate.
Result(s)
With lower basal FSH, LH and E2, HH patients showed longer HMG stimulation duration (13(10-22) d vs. 12(8-18) d, p<0.001) and higher HMG dose (2960±560 IU vs. 2663±538 IU, p=0.005). While the antral follicle count (AFC), number of follicles with diameters greater than 10mm on trigger day and oocytes retrieved were less in the HH group, the number of follicles with diameters greater than 14mm and viable embryos were comparable. The ratio of E2/follicle count (>10mm) and E2/follicle count (>14mm) were distinctively higher in the HH group (1056±281 vs. 830±245, p<0.001; 1545±570 vs. 1312±594pmol/l, p=0.037; respectively). The clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate and cumulative pregnancy rate per woman were comparable between the two groups. Comparison among the subgroups with different hCG dosage showed that HMG duration shortened with the increase of daily hCG dose (14.84±2.88 vs. 13.96±2.63 vs. 12.96±1.30 days<comment> AU;: Please confirm Response: We have confirmed that the unit should be "days". </comment>, p=0.037). No significant differences were detected in outcomes between fresh embryo transfer (ET) group and frozen- thawed embryo transfer (FET) group.
Conclusion(s)
Low-dose hCG combined with HMG is a feasible protocol for HH women undergoing ovarian stimulation in IVF, providing favourable cycle characteristics and pregnancy rates. Low-dose hCG reduces HMG duration, while the hCG dose and embryo quality are not positively correlated. The outcomes of FET are comparable to ET, which provides a greater chance of success from IVF in the low-responders with HH.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Low Utilization of the Dermatology Ambulatory Encounter among Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Analysis in the USA
Dermatology
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October 2017:152(4)
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 4
Author(s): Allen H. Moffitt
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Odontogenic keratocyst: The role of the orthodontist in the diagnosis of initial lesions
Publication date: October 2017
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 4
Author(s): Raphaela Silva Leandro Santos, Flávia Maria de Moraes Ramos-Perez, Gleyson Kleber do Amaral Silva, André Caroli Rocha, José Divaldo Prado, Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez
Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are locally infiltrative odontogenic cysts that are usually diagnosed during routine radiographic examinations. Therefore, it is critical that dental practitioners, in particular orthodontists, recognize and diagnose OKCs to recommend appropriate treatment. This report describes a patient whose OKC was not initially identified during orthodontic pretreatment. In addition, this report discusses the clinical and radiographic features of OKCs, as well as the differential diagnoses of these lesions.
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Upper airway differences between Class II and Class III children
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 152, Issue 4
Author(s): Li Cao
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