Editorial Board

Publication date: August 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 188





http://ift.tt/2IyHUka

Enrichment of naturally occurring radionuclides and trace elements in Yatagan and Yenikoy coal-fired thermal power plants, Turkey

Publication date: August 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 188
Author(s): Banu Ozden, Erkan Guler, Taavi Vaasma, Maria Horvath, Madis Kiisk, Tibor Kovacs
Coal, residues and waste produced by the combustion of the coal contain naturally occurring radionuclides such as ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K and trace elements such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn. In this work, coal and its combustion residues collected from Yatagan and Yenikoy coal fired thermal power plants (CPPs) in Turkey were studied to determine the concentrations of natural radionuclides and trace elements, and their enrichments factors to better understand the radionuclide concentration processes within the combustion system. In addition, the utilization of coal fly ash as a secondary raw material in building industry was also studied in terms of radiological aspects. Fly ash samples were taken at different stages along the emission control system of the thermal power plants. Activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides were determined with Canberra Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector BE3830-P and ORTEC Soloist PIPS type semiconductor detector. The particle size distribution and trace elements contents were determined in various ash fractions by the laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). From the obtained data, natural radionuclides tend to condense on fly ash with and the activity concentrations increase as the temperature drop in CPPs. Measured ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po concentration varied between 186 ± 20–1153 ± 44 Bq kg⁻¹, and 56 ± 5–1174 ± 45 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The highest ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po activity concentrations were determined in fly ash taken from the temporary storage point as 1153 ± 44 Bq kg⁻¹ and 1174 ± 45 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. There were significant differences in the activity concentrations of some natural radionuclide and trace elements (Pb and Zn) contents in ash fractions among the sampling point inside both of the plants (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Coal and ash sample analysis showed an increase activity concentration and enrichment factors towards the electrostatic precipitators for both of the power plants. The enrichment factors for Zn follow a similar trend as Pb, increasing in value towards the end of the emission control system. The calculated activity indexes were above 1.0 value for both of the power plants, assuming the utilization of fly ash at 100%. It can be concluded that the reuse of fly ash as a secondary raw material may not be hazardous depending on the percentage of utilization of ash.



http://ift.tt/2ppSZLP

Human Papillomavirus-Related Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Head and Neck

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck carcinoma (HNC) represents an important subgroup of head and neck cancer that is characterized by a consistent microscopic appearance and a favorable prognosis. A growing experience with HPV testing, however, has uncovered variants that deviate from the prototypic HPV-HNC with respect to morphology. While these HPV-HNCs may deviate morphologically from the prototype, they do not appear to stray far from the favorable clinical outcome assigned to HPV-positive status. In effect, HPV positivity trumps traditional prognostic features predicated on morphology such as tumor grade and histologic subtype when it comes to predicting clinical behavior. For the diagnostic pathologist, the pedestrian task of tumor grading and subtyping would seem to be of little prognostic or therapeutic relevance when it comes to HPV-HNC. Recognition and documentation of neuroendocrine differentiation is a most notable exception. Forms of HPV-HNC have now been reported that morphologically resemble small cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of other sites, and that immunohistochemically exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite the presence of HPV, these SCCs and LCNECs share the same aggressive clinical behavior of their counterparts in the lung and other sites where the high grade neuroendocrine phenotype is associated with early distant spread and poor overall survival. Consequently, the high grade neuroendocrine phenotype should be regarded as an aggressive form of HPV-HNC where tumor morphology displaces HPV positivity as the most important prognostic feature.

http://ift.tt/2ppqQoL

Proceedings of the NASHNP Companion Meeting, March 18th, 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada: Salivary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma—An Overview of a Rare Disease with an Emphasis on Determining Tumor Origin

Abstract

Salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and the overwhelming majority is high-grade. The parotid gland is the most commonly involved site followed by the submandibular gland. Most arise de novo but rare examples occurring as a high-grade transformation of another type of salivary gland neoplasm exist. There is significant morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with neuroendocrine carcinomas of other sites, especially the skin. Like cutaneous neuroendocrine (or Merkel cell) carcinomas, approximately three-fourths are cytokeratin 20 positive. Cytokeratin 20 positive salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas are often referred to as being of the 'Merkel cell type' since most other non-cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas are cytokeratin 20 negative. Salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas may be challenging to separate from Merkel cell carcinomas of the head and neck on pathologic grounds because the latter often metastasize to the parotid gland. Clinical history is often relied upon to separate primary salivary tumors from cutaneous metastases but may not be helpful in all cases. Here we review the clinical, pathologic and molecular features of salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas focusing on high-grade major salivary gland tumors. The difficulty in separating salivary tumors from metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma will be highlighted.

http://ift.tt/2FN6Yq3

Update on Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Incidence of MCC continues to rise, and risk factors include advanced age, pale skin, chronic sun exposure, and immune suppression. Diagnosing MCC utilizes a combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is present in approximately 70–80% of MCCs and represents a key pathogenic driver in those MCCs. In contrast, MCPyV-negative MCCs arise through progressive accumulation of ultraviolet-light induced somatic mutations. Staging of MCC proceeds according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition, which utilizes features of the primary tumor together with regional lymph node(s) (clinically and/or pathologically detected) and/or distant metastases. Many potentially useful biomarkers have been studied to refine risk stratification in MCC. In recent years, the host immune infiltrate has been leveraged as immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as an efficacious mode of treatment for patients with advanced MCC.

http://ift.tt/2tYqfis

Human Papillomavirus-Related Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Head and Neck

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck carcinoma (HNC) represents an important subgroup of head and neck cancer that is characterized by a consistent microscopic appearance and a favorable prognosis. A growing experience with HPV testing, however, has uncovered variants that deviate from the prototypic HPV-HNC with respect to morphology. While these HPV-HNCs may deviate morphologically from the prototype, they do not appear to stray far from the favorable clinical outcome assigned to HPV-positive status. In effect, HPV positivity trumps traditional prognostic features predicated on morphology such as tumor grade and histologic subtype when it comes to predicting clinical behavior. For the diagnostic pathologist, the pedestrian task of tumor grading and subtyping would seem to be of little prognostic or therapeutic relevance when it comes to HPV-HNC. Recognition and documentation of neuroendocrine differentiation is a most notable exception. Forms of HPV-HNC have now been reported that morphologically resemble small cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of other sites, and that immunohistochemically exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite the presence of HPV, these SCCs and LCNECs share the same aggressive clinical behavior of their counterparts in the lung and other sites where the high grade neuroendocrine phenotype is associated with early distant spread and poor overall survival. Consequently, the high grade neuroendocrine phenotype should be regarded as an aggressive form of HPV-HNC where tumor morphology displaces HPV positivity as the most important prognostic feature.

http://ift.tt/2ppqQoL

Proceedings of the NASHNP Companion Meeting, March 18th, 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada: Salivary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma—An Overview of a Rare Disease with an Emphasis on Determining Tumor Origin

Abstract

Salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and the overwhelming majority is high-grade. The parotid gland is the most commonly involved site followed by the submandibular gland. Most arise de novo but rare examples occurring as a high-grade transformation of another type of salivary gland neoplasm exist. There is significant morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with neuroendocrine carcinomas of other sites, especially the skin. Like cutaneous neuroendocrine (or Merkel cell) carcinomas, approximately three-fourths are cytokeratin 20 positive. Cytokeratin 20 positive salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas are often referred to as being of the 'Merkel cell type' since most other non-cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas are cytokeratin 20 negative. Salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas may be challenging to separate from Merkel cell carcinomas of the head and neck on pathologic grounds because the latter often metastasize to the parotid gland. Clinical history is often relied upon to separate primary salivary tumors from cutaneous metastases but may not be helpful in all cases. Here we review the clinical, pathologic and molecular features of salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas focusing on high-grade major salivary gland tumors. The difficulty in separating salivary tumors from metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma will be highlighted.

http://ift.tt/2FN6Yq3

Human Papillomavirus-Related Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Head and Neck

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck carcinoma (HNC) represents an important subgroup of head and neck cancer that is characterized by a consistent microscopic appearance and a favorable prognosis. A growing experience with HPV testing, however, has uncovered variants that deviate from the prototypic HPV-HNC with respect to morphology. While these HPV-HNCs may deviate morphologically from the prototype, they do not appear to stray far from the favorable clinical outcome assigned to HPV-positive status. In effect, HPV positivity trumps traditional prognostic features predicated on morphology such as tumor grade and histologic subtype when it comes to predicting clinical behavior. For the diagnostic pathologist, the pedestrian task of tumor grading and subtyping would seem to be of little prognostic or therapeutic relevance when it comes to HPV-HNC. Recognition and documentation of neuroendocrine differentiation is a most notable exception. Forms of HPV-HNC have now been reported that morphologically resemble small cell carcinoma (SCC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of other sites, and that immunohistochemically exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite the presence of HPV, these SCCs and LCNECs share the same aggressive clinical behavior of their counterparts in the lung and other sites where the high grade neuroendocrine phenotype is associated with early distant spread and poor overall survival. Consequently, the high grade neuroendocrine phenotype should be regarded as an aggressive form of HPV-HNC where tumor morphology displaces HPV positivity as the most important prognostic feature.

http://ift.tt/2ppqQoL

Proceedings of the NASHNP Companion Meeting, March 18th, 2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada: Salivary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma—An Overview of a Rare Disease with an Emphasis on Determining Tumor Origin

Abstract

Salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas are rare and the overwhelming majority is high-grade. The parotid gland is the most commonly involved site followed by the submandibular gland. Most arise de novo but rare examples occurring as a high-grade transformation of another type of salivary gland neoplasm exist. There is significant morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with neuroendocrine carcinomas of other sites, especially the skin. Like cutaneous neuroendocrine (or Merkel cell) carcinomas, approximately three-fourths are cytokeratin 20 positive. Cytokeratin 20 positive salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas are often referred to as being of the 'Merkel cell type' since most other non-cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinomas are cytokeratin 20 negative. Salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas may be challenging to separate from Merkel cell carcinomas of the head and neck on pathologic grounds because the latter often metastasize to the parotid gland. Clinical history is often relied upon to separate primary salivary tumors from cutaneous metastases but may not be helpful in all cases. Here we review the clinical, pathologic and molecular features of salivary neuroendocrine carcinomas focusing on high-grade major salivary gland tumors. The difficulty in separating salivary tumors from metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma will be highlighted.

http://ift.tt/2FN6Yq3

Non-point source pollution of glyphosate and AMPA in a rural basin from the southeast Pampas, Argentina

Abstract

We measured the occurrence and seasonal variations of glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in different environmental compartments within the limits of an agricultural basin. This topic is of high relevance since glyphosate is the most applied pesticide in agricultural systems worldwide. We were able to quantify the seasonal variations of glyphosate that result mainly from endo-drift inputs, that is, from direct spraying either onto genetically modified (GM) crops (i.e., soybean and maize) or onto weeds in no-till practices. We found that both glyphosate and AMPA accumulate in soil, but the metabolite accumulates to a greater extent due to its higher persistence. Knowing that glyphosate and AMPA were present in soils (> 93% of detection for both compounds), we aimed to study the dispersion to other environmental compartments (surface water, stream sediments, and groundwater), in order to establish the degree of non-point source pollution. Also, we assessed the relationship between the water-table depth and glyphosate and AMPA levels in groundwater. All of the studied compartments had variable levels of glyphosate and AMPA. The highest frequency of detections was found in the stream sediments samples (glyphosate 95%, AMPA 100%), followed by surface water (glyphosate 28%, AMPA 50%) and then groundwater (glyphosate 24%, AMPA 33%). Despite glyphosate being considered a molecule with low vertical mobility in soils, we found that its detection in groundwater was strongly associated with the month where glyphosate concentration in soil was the highest. However, we did not find a direct relation between groundwater table depth and glyphosate or AMPA detections. This is the first simultaneous study of glyphosate and AMPA seasonal variations in soil, groundwater, surface water, and sediments within a rural basin.

http://ift.tt/2DFZ6Av

n-Phase micromechanical framework for the conductivity and elastic modulus of particulate composites: Design to microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs)-cementitious composites

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Wenxiang Xu, Mingkun Jia, Zhigang Zhu, Mingjun Liu, Dong Lei, Xiaofan Gou
The smart design of microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) in cementitious composites requires an explicit understanding of effects of soft microcapsule particles, stiff aggregates and their surrounding weak interfaces on the physico-mechanical properties of particulate composites. This paper devises a n-phase micromechanical framework to predict the effective thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of multicomponent particulate composites that consist in stiff and soft anisotropic-shaped inclusions, their surrounding weak interfaces and matrix. In this micromechanical model, the volume fraction of weak interfaces treated as the interphase model is quantified and incorporated into the n-phase differential effective medium model. It is found that the structural configuration of interfaces has a significant effect on the effective physico-mechanical properties of particulate composites. The micromechanical model leads to predictions of the effective conductivity and elastic modulus of multicomponent particulate composites to a good accuracy by comparing with available experimental data for regular concrete, quartz mortar and MPCMs-cementitious composites. By utilizing the micromechanical model, the authors further develop a theoretical design rule for the robust overall performance of MPCMs-cementitious composites with the better thermal resistance and elastic modulus. These results can also be used to design other multiphase particulate composites and porous media with the cherry-pit structure.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2Gbk5AN

Design of sustainable porous materials based on 3D-structured silica exoskeletons, Diatomite: Chemico-physical and functional properties

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): B. Galzerano, I. Capasso, L. Verdolotti, M. Lavorgna, P. Vollaro, D. Caputo, S. Iannace, B. Liguori
3D-structured silica exoskeletons-diatomite was used as reactive inorganic ingredient, with and without metakaolin to produce sustainable multifunctional diatomite-based geopolymeric foams. Suitable amount of Silicon powder and vegetable surfactant were used as foaming agents, while polysilicate solution was used as reactive crosslinker. The resulting porous materials, characterized by hierarchical porosity ranging from macro to nano-scale, were fabricated at 40°C for 24h and characterized by means of chemical and morphological investigations, contact angle, thermal and acoustic properties and fire reaction. The presence of diatomite in the produced foams provides an increase of thermal inertia, and the thermal insulation performance firstly due to the intrinsically low thermal conductivity of diatomite and also because silicon and vegetable surfactant are able to promote the formation of a co-continuous mesoporous structure. Furthermore, the created morphological structure provides a good acoustic absorption coefficient in a wide range of frequency. Finally, due to their hydrophilicity/oleophobicity character, diatomite-based geopolymeric foams could, potentially, be proposed as oil/water separation membranes.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2FTxmKB

Buckling optimization of Kagome lattice cores with free-form trusses

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Lei Zhang, Stefanie Feih, Stephen Daynes, Yiqiang Wang, Michael Yu Wang, Jun Wei, Wen Feng Lu
Lightweight lattice structures are an important class of cellular structures with high potentials for multi-functional applications. Considering load-bearing requirements, truss buckling is one of the main failure mechanisms for low density and slender lattice structures. Critical buckling loads can be increased by modifying the profile of a truss. In this paper, we present a shape design method to optimize the critical buckling loads for lattice cores with free-form trusses. The free-form truss is represented by Fourier series and implicit surfaces, having smooth truss diameter variations and truss joints. The optimized truss profile is obtained by solving a parametric shape optimization problem with Fourier series coefficients as design variables. The method is used for designing optimized 1D columns and 3D Kagome lattice cores for sandwich panels. The numerical results predict 26.8% and 20.4% improvements of the critical buckling loads for 1D columns and 3D Kagome lattice cores compared to their uniform counterparts of the same mass, respectively. The optimized structures include complex smooth and curved geometries that are well suited for additive manufacturing because of the greater design freedom. Finally, the initial and optimized lattice cores are additively manufactured and tested. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2G4rKAL

Functional properties of silicone/ethanol soft-actuator composites

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Aslan Miriyev, Gabriela Caires, Hod Lipson
In the present work, we assess functional properties of silicone/ethanol elastomer composites, recently suggested by us as a novel approach to soft actuation. Our approach allows replacement of massive actuation solutions by self-contained composite material, thus making its detailed characterization extremely important. Here, we describe the composite actuation mechanism using microstructural, thermal and compositional analysis of the material comprising of 0–20vol% ethanol. As a part of our investigation, we also performed mechanical testing aimed at determining the optimal composition, force and strain characteristics for soft actuation. Specifically, we examined the material performance in different soft actuation scenarios pertinent to the soft robotics applications, namely unidirectional piston-like actuator, and radially expanding McKibben artificial muscle. The results were compared in terms of the maximal force and strain developed in the linear portion of the force/time and strain/time scale. The effects of sample size and internal temperature on the mechanical properties of the material were also investigated. Based on the characterization findings, we formulated operational recommendations for utilizing the composites as soft actuators, and drew directions for the further research.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2FY8mC9

Drop-weight impact characteristics of additively manufactured sandwich structures with different cellular designs

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Amer Beharic, Rafael Rodriguez Egui, Li Yang
In the design of sandwich panels with cellular cores for energy absorption, the geometrical effect of the cellular core design has not been investigated in details previously. In this work three cellular core designs, including re-entrant auxetic, octet-truss, and BCC lattice, were experimentally investigated for their performance under low-energy impact as sandwich structures. Samples with different cellular core designs were fabricated by laser sintering additive manufacturing process using Nylon 12 as material, and evaluated by drop weight testing under multiple strikes and at two levels of elevated temperatures (93°C and 121°C). It was found that beside relative densities, the geometrical design of the cellular cores could also significantly influence the impact energy absorption performance of the sandwich structures. It was also found that the impact energy absorption of the cellular structures investigated in this study does not have a significant correlation with either the quasi-static mechanical properties or the temperature. In addition, the auxetic cellular structure exhibits optimal overall energy absorption performance compared to both the octet-truss and the BCC lattice.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2FO6aRJ

Adhesion force measured by atomic force microscopy for direct carbon fiber-epoxy interfacial characterization

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Nan Zheng, Jinmei He, Jiefeng Gao, Yudong Huang, Flemming Besenbacher, Mingdong Dong
Adhesion force measurement by Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to investigate the interfacial interaction of the carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy composite for the first time. The epoxy functionalized AFM tip and three types of carbon fibers with different surface chemistry and morphologies were used in this study. Results show that the Bis (3-aminophenyl) phenyl phosphine oxide (BAPPO) modified CF possesses a much larger adhesion force (72.7 nN) than the as-received and de-sized CF (22.5 nN and 17.9 nN, respectively) due to formation of the chemical bonding between the BAPPO modified CF and the epoxy functionalized tip. Single fiber microbond test demonstrates that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of BAPPO modified CF/EP composite is 15% and 22% larger than that of as-received and de-sized CF/EP, respectively. This nanoscale manipulation by AFM provides a new avenue to measure the interfacial adhesion between the CF and epoxy at the molecular level.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2HNSgeI

Influence of composition and crystal structure on the fracture toughness of NbCo2 Laves phase studied by micro-cantilever bending tests

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): W. Luo, C. Kirchlechner, X. Fang, S. Brinckmann, G. Dehm, F. Stein
Cubic and hexagonal NbCo2 Laves phases are known to have composition dependent hardness and yield strength. However, it is unknown whether this dependence is also reflected in their fracture toughness values. In order to elucidate the fracture behavior, single-crystalline micro-cantilevers of the cubic and hexagonal NbCo2 Laves phases having different compositions were fabricated in the diffusion layers grown by the diffusion couple technique. Micro-cantilever bending tests were performed to study the composition- and crystal-structure-dependence of the fracture toughness. To exclude the influence of micro-cantilever geometry, pentagonal and rectangular beams were tested and found to result in the same fracture toughness value. The present results reveal that neither a change of the crystal structure nor a change in chemical composition has a significant influence on the fracture toughness of NbCo2 Laves phase.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2G7jYWJ

Editorial Board

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145





http://ift.tt/2GayrBk

Mechanical properties and deformation behavior of additively manufactured lattice structures of stainless steel

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Patrick Köhnen, Christian Haase, Jan Bültmann, Stephan Ziegler, Johannes Henrich Schleifenbaum, Wolfgang Bleck
In this work, we used the powder bed fusion selective laser melting (SLM) technique to build two different lattice structures, i.e. of type f2cc,z and hollow spherical, to investigate their plastic deformation behavior during tension, compression and cyclic testing. The stainless steel AISI 316L/1.4404 was used as model alloy for lattice structures that exhibited a relative density of 33% compared to bulk samples and a part density of 2.623 g/cm³. Using optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, DIC analyses as well as tension, compression and fatigue testing, microstructures and mechanical properties of the two types of lattice structures were compared with annealed counterparts, SLM-produced bulk and reference specimens of the same chemical composition. It was found that the f2cc,z lattice structures deformed by stretch, whereas the hollow spherical lattice structures presented a bending dominated deformation mode. Consequently, f2cc,z lattice specimens revealed higher energy absorption capacity and were capable of bearing higher loads. In addition, the f2cc,z samples showed comparable specific energy absorption with respect to bulk reference samples. The plastic deformation behavior of the different lattice structures has been assessed by considering geometrical and microstructural aspects. Implications on usability and potential improvements were also discussed.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2FVNImd

3D cellular metamaterials with planar anti-chiral topology

Publication date: 5 May 2018
Source:Materials & Design, Volume 145
Author(s): Hamid Ebrahimi, Davood Mousanezhad, Hamid Nayeb-Hashemi, Julian Norato, Ashkan Vaziri
We constructed a new class of three-dimensional cellular metamaterials by connecting planar structure with anti-chiral topology. This was achieved by introducing a unique node design for connecting planar materials to enable constructing a three-dimensional architecture. This node design is based on linking the circular elements of the anti-chiral topology using oblique load-bearing ligaments. As the planar structure is subjected to loading, the circular elements rotate and the ligaments undergo bending, resulting in out-of-plane deformation of the three-dimensional cellular metamaterials. The node design, and specifically the ligaments' revolution angle govern the behavior of cellular metamaterials. This was demonstrated by designing cellular metamaterials with a wide range of positive and negative Poisson's ratio in the out-of-plane direction.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2FNvuax

Update on Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Incidence of MCC continues to rise, and risk factors include advanced age, pale skin, chronic sun exposure, and immune suppression. Diagnosing MCC utilizes a combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is present in approximately 70–80% of MCCs and represents a key pathogenic driver in those MCCs. In contrast, MCPyV-negative MCCs arise through progressive accumulation of ultraviolet-light induced somatic mutations. Staging of MCC proceeds according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition, which utilizes features of the primary tumor together with regional lymph node(s) (clinically and/or pathologically detected) and/or distant metastases. Many potentially useful biomarkers have been studied to refine risk stratification in MCC. In recent years, the host immune infiltrate has been leveraged as immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as an efficacious mode of treatment for patients with advanced MCC.

http://ift.tt/2tYqfis

Wu-Tou Decoction Inhibits Angiogenesis in Experimental Arthritis by Targeting VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway

Rejuvenation Research, Ahead of Print.


http://ift.tt/2GIuO3a

Effective phthalocyanines mediated photodynamic therapy with doxorubicin or methotrexate combination therapy at sub-micromolar concentrations in vitro

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, Volume 22
Author(s): Safdar Ali, Saleh Muhammad, Ahmat Khurshid, Masroor Ikram, Muhammad Maqsood, Carl Fisher, Judy Cathcart, Lothar Lilge
To improve a cancer patient's quality of life, short treatment duration resulting in rapid tumour removal while sparing normal tissue are highly desirable. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) commonly applied in a single treatment, while often effective can be limited at low photosensitizer or light doses. Combination therapies can overcome the efficacy limitations while not increasing treatment-associated morbidity. Here the efficacy of combination therapy comprised of doxorubicin (DOX) or methotrexate (MTX) with Photosens mediated PDT was investigated in three cell lines in vitro, employing multiple incubation sequences. Photosense is a mixture of aluminium phthalocyanines with different sulfonation. The results demonstrated higher synergistic effects when DOX or MTX-mediated chemotherapy preceded PDT light activation by 24 h. MTX is marginally more cytotoxic than DOX, when combined with Photosens (AlPcS2-4) mediated PDT. While MTX and DOX exposure prior to AlPcS2-4 incubation may enhance mitochondrial localisation photosensitizer, the simultaneous targeting of DNA, proteins, and lipids of the combination therapies leads to the observed high cytotoxicity at sub μM drug doses. Keywords: Photodynamic Therapy, Chemotherapy, Cancer, Combination therapy



http://ift.tt/2FW516t

Chlorin Nanoparticles for Tissue Diagnostics and Photodynamic Therapy

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Claudia Scalfi-Happ, Zhenxin Zhu, Susanna Graefe, Arno Wiehe, Anastasia Ryabova, Victor Loschenov, Rainer Wittig, Rudolf W. Steiner
BackgroundOrganic crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) are not fluorescent due to the crystalline structure of the flat molecules organized in layers. In earlier experiments with Aluminum Phthalocyanine (AlPc)-derived NPs, the preferential uptake and dissolution by macrophages was demonstrated [3]. Therefore, inflamed tissue or cancer tissue with accumulated macrophages may exhibit specific fluorescence in contrast to healthy tissue which does not fluoresce. The present study addresses the photobiological effects of NP generated from Temoporfin (mTHPC), a clinically utilized photosensitizer belonging to the chlorin family.MethodsIn-vitro investigations addressing uptake, dissolution and phototoxicity of mTHPC NP vs. the liposomal mTHPC formulation Foslip were performed using J774A.1 macrophages and L929 fibroblasts. For total NP uptake analysis, the cells were lysed, the nanoparticles dissolved and the fluorescence quantified. The intracellular molecular dissolution was measured by flow cytometry. Fluorescence microscopy served for controlling intracellular localization of the dissolved fluorescing molecules. Reaction mechanisms after PDT (mitochondrial activity, apoptosis) were analyzed using fluorescent markers in cell-based assays and flow cytometry.ResultsOrganic crystalline NP of different size were produced from mTHPC raw material. NP were internalized more efficiently in J774A.1 macrophages when compared to L929 fibroblasts, whereas uptake and fluorescence of Foslip was similar between the cell lines. NP dissolution correlated with internalization levels for larger particles in the range of 200-500 nm. Smaller particles (45 nm in diameter) were taken up at high levels in macrophages, but were not dissolved efficiently, resulting in comparatively low intracellular fluorescence. Whereas Foslip was predominantly localized in membranes, NP-mediated fluorescence also co-localized with acidic vesicles, suggesting endocytosis / phagocytosis as a major uptake mechanism. In macrophages, phototoxicity of NPs was stronger than in fibroblasts, even exceeding Foslip when administered in identical amounts. In both cell lines, phototoxicity correlated with mitochondrial depolarization and enhanced activation of caspase 3.ConclusionsDue to their preferential uptake / dissolution in macrophages, mTHPC NP may have potential for the diagnosis and photodynamic treatment of macrophage-associated disorders such as inflammation and cancer.



http://ift.tt/2GKyfX9

The Nine Habits of Highly Effective Radiologists

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Timothy Alves, Monica Kalume-Brigido, Corrie Yablon, Puneet Bhargava, David Fessell
Stephen R. Covey′s landmark work in the field of effectiveness and professional development delineated first seven, then ultimately eight, habits of highly effective people with applicability to all professions.¹ This article describes the eight habits in specific relation to the radiologist, and proposes a ninth habit to help one bring a positive and centered approach during the journey to effectiveness and beyond.



http://ift.tt/2IAfINI

Lomentospora prolificans vertebral osteomyelitis with spinal epidural abscess in an immunocompetent woman: Case report and literature review

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Medical Mycology Case Reports
Author(s): Walaiporn Wangchinda, Piriyaporn Chongtrakool, Jantima Tanboon, Anupop Jitmuang
Lomentospora prolificans is a rare cause of vertebral osteomyelitis. We report a case of L. prolificans thoracic vertebral osteomyelitis with spinal epidural abscess in a patient without apparent immunodeficiency. Clinical manifestations and radiographic findings could not distinguish from other etiologic agents. Treatment is also challenging because L. prolificans is usually resistant to antifungal agents. The patient underwent surgical debridement and has been receiving a prolonged combination of antifungal therapy to prevent an infection relapse.



http://ift.tt/2DDf5PX

A case of pulmonary cryptococcoma due to Cryptococcus gattii in the United Kingdom

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Medical Mycology Case Reports
Author(s): Isabel Rodriguez-Goncer, Felix Bongomin, Helen M. Doran, Lily Novak-Frazer, Rikesh Masania, Caroline B. Moore, Malcolm D. Richardson
We report a case of Cryptococcus gattii infection in the UK in a 76-year-old woman on biologic therapy for intra-abdominal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. An incidental nodular lung lesion was found on a chest imaging and histology, culture and molecular mycology studies of the lobectomy specimen revealed the presence of C. gattii.



http://ift.tt/2ppldXD

Near-fatal mucormycosis post-double lung transplant presenting as uncontrolled upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Medical Mycology Case Reports
Author(s): Ciara O'Connor, Ciaran Farrell, Aurelie Fabre, Donna Eaton, Karen Redmond, David G McSharry, John B Conneely, Conor J Shields, Jim J Egan, Margaret M Hannan
Invasive fungal infections in immunosuppressed transplant patients are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of splenic mucormycosis post-double lung transplant, presenting as uncontrolled near-fatal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, to remind clinicians of the need to consider pre-transplant invasive fungal infection risk factors if an unexpected fungal infection arises in the post-transplant period. This case also highlights the valuable contribution of molecular technology for fungal identification but also the need for clinical correlation.



http://ift.tt/2DGlRo2

The Use of Hormonal Antiandrogen Therapy in Female Patients with Acne: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background

Little is known about how dermatologists prescribe hormonal antiandrogen acne treatment (HAAT).

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate dermatologists' HAAT-prescribing habits and HAAT's impact on systemic antibiotic use in women with acne.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study at an academic medical center of female patients receiving HAAT (combined oral contraceptive [COC], spironolactone) for acne from January 2005 to October 2015. Data from a control group of female acne patients who never received HAAT were also collected.

Results

A total of 672 female patients received HAAT. Out of all systemic medications for acne, antibiotics were used as first-line treatment in 39% of patients, COCs in 12%, and spironolactone in 21%. Mean antibiotic durations in patients who initiated HAAT for the first time at the study site (250.4 days) were significantly longer than in patients who received HAAT prior to presentation and continued HAAT at the study site (192.0 days) (p = 0.021). A statistically significant inverse association was found between HAAT use and mean antibiotic duration (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

HAAT is not typically used as a first-line systemic therapy in women with acne. HAAT usage is associated with shorter cumulative antibiotic durations and early HAAT initiation can decrease systemic antibiotic use in acne treatment.

http://ift.tt/2IDmXV9

Update on Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma. Incidence of MCC continues to rise, and risk factors include advanced age, pale skin, chronic sun exposure, and immune suppression. Diagnosing MCC utilizes a combination of morphology and immunohistochemistry. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is present in approximately 70–80% of MCCs and represents a key pathogenic driver in those MCCs. In contrast, MCPyV-negative MCCs arise through progressive accumulation of ultraviolet-light induced somatic mutations. Staging of MCC proceeds according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition, which utilizes features of the primary tumor together with regional lymph node(s) (clinically and/or pathologically detected) and/or distant metastases. Many potentially useful biomarkers have been studied to refine risk stratification in MCC. In recent years, the host immune infiltrate has been leveraged as immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as an efficacious mode of treatment for patients with advanced MCC.

http://ift.tt/2tYqfis

Transverse Cervical Artery Pseudoaneurysm: An Unusual Delayed Complication of Radical Neck Dissection

Abstract

Pseudoaneurysm formation in the transverse cervical artery, post radical neck dissection, leading to massive hemorrhage, is a rare but life threatening occurrence. We report a patient with pseudoaneurysm of transverse cervical artery, post salvage radical neck dissection, presenting with recurrent and significant hemorrhage after 3 weeks of surgery. A pseudoaneurysm involving transverse cervical artery was revealed by digital subtraction angiography and treated by endovascular coil embolization.

http://ift.tt/2HPhCsJ

The Role of Preoperative Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone in Atticotomy as a New Tool for Determining the Approach

Abstract

The temporal bone is a complex anatomical structure and so preoperatively computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone is important for choice of the surgical procedure. In this study, evaluation of the surgical difficulty to conduct transmastoid atticotomy with the coronary cut of CT temporal bone. Additional, attic pathology intraoperative is evaluated. The current research is a retrospective study of 79 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (safe type) with the preoperative opacity of the attic in CT temporal bone. The researcher correlates difficulty to do transmastoid attictomy with the distance in mm between the roof of external audiatory canal (EAC) and tegmen with ruler directly in the coronary cut of CT temporal bone at the the level of internal auditory canal (IAC). The researcher also compares attic pathology intraoperative with preoperative CT attic opacity. In group of surgically difficulty average distance between the superior wall of EAC and tegmen on preoperative CT at the level of IAC is 2–5 mm while distance in easily surgical approach is from 6 to 10 mm. 68.4%(54/79) of cases had pathology in attic in the form of granulation tissue in 50 cases and glue in 4 cases. Preoperative CT temporal bone is very important to detect atticotomy approach either transmastoid or transcanal, through measuring the distance in mm between the roof of EAC and tegmen with ruler directly in the coronal cut of CT temporal bone at the level of internal auditory canal. The opacity of the attic in Preoperative CT does not mean that there is a pathology in the attic.

http://ift.tt/2G7D12Y

Editorial Board

Publication date: March–April 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior, Volume 39





http://ift.tt/2HKaq0Q

Repeatability of n-octanol/water partition coefficient values between liquid chromatography measurement methods

Abstract

The n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K_OW) is a physical/chemical property that is extensively used for regulatory and environmental risk and exposure assessments. The K_OW value can estimate various chemical properties such as water solubility, bioavailability, and toxicity using quantitative structure-activity relationships which demands an accurate knowledge of this property. The present investigation aims to compare outcomes of three commonly cited methods of K_OW measurement in the literature for six hydrophobic chemicals with insecticidal functions as well as highly volatile petroleum constituents. This measurement has been difficult to obtain for the selected pyrethroid insecticides, cypermethrin, and bifenthrin and is a novel measurement for the latter: polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles, dibenzothiophene (DBT), and three of its alkyl derivatives except for DBT. The K_OW values were obtained using two liquid chromatographic methods with isocratic and gradient programming, and the slow-stirring method following OECD 117 and 123 guidelines, respectively. The mean log K_OW values of bifenthrin, cypermethrin, DBT, methyl-DBT, dimethyl-DBT, and diethyl-DBT were 8.4 ± 0.1, 6.0 ± 0.3, 4.8 ± 0.0, 5.4 ± 0.1, 6.0 ± 0.1, and 6.8 ± 0.0 using the HPLC method with gradient programing. The K_OW values were significantly reproducible within a method, however, not between the methods. Results suggest assessing a chemical's property and environmental risk and exposure solely based on the K_OW value should be practiced with caution.

http://ift.tt/2DGRrSx

Transverse Cervical Artery Pseudoaneurysm: An Unusual Delayed Complication of Radical Neck Dissection

Abstract

Pseudoaneurysm formation in the transverse cervical artery, post radical neck dissection, leading to massive hemorrhage, is a rare but life threatening occurrence. We report a patient with pseudoaneurysm of transverse cervical artery, post salvage radical neck dissection, presenting with recurrent and significant hemorrhage after 3 weeks of surgery. A pseudoaneurysm involving transverse cervical artery was revealed by digital subtraction angiography and treated by endovascular coil embolization.

http://ift.tt/2HPhCsJ

The Role of Preoperative Computed Tomography of Temporal Bone in Atticotomy as a New Tool for Determining the Approach

Abstract

The temporal bone is a complex anatomical structure and so preoperatively computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone is important for choice of the surgical procedure. In this study, evaluation of the surgical difficulty to conduct transmastoid atticotomy with the coronary cut of CT temporal bone. Additional, attic pathology intraoperative is evaluated. The current research is a retrospective study of 79 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (safe type) with the preoperative opacity of the attic in CT temporal bone. The researcher correlates difficulty to do transmastoid attictomy with the distance in mm between the roof of external audiatory canal (EAC) and tegmen with ruler directly in the coronary cut of CT temporal bone at the the level of internal auditory canal (IAC). The researcher also compares attic pathology intraoperative with preoperative CT attic opacity. In group of surgically difficulty average distance between the superior wall of EAC and tegmen on preoperative CT at the level of IAC is 2–5 mm while distance in easily surgical approach is from 6 to 10 mm. 68.4%(54/79) of cases had pathology in attic in the form of granulation tissue in 50 cases and glue in 4 cases. Preoperative CT temporal bone is very important to detect atticotomy approach either transmastoid or transcanal, through measuring the distance in mm between the roof of EAC and tegmen with ruler directly in the coronal cut of CT temporal bone at the level of internal auditory canal. The opacity of the attic in Preoperative CT does not mean that there is a pathology in the attic.

http://ift.tt/2G7D12Y

Occurrence of Endocrine and Thyroid Cancers Among Alaska Native People, 1969–2013

Thyroid, Ahead of Print.


http://ift.tt/2DFdVDx

Seal carrion is a predictable resource for coastal ecosystems

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Acta Oecologica, Volume 88
Author(s): Maria-Martina Quaggiotto, Philip S. Barton, Christopher D. Morris, Simon E.W. Moss, Patrick P. Pomeroy, Dominic J. McCafferty, David M. Bailey
The timing, magnitude, and spatial distribution of resource inputs can have large effects on dependent organisms. Few studies have examined the predictability of such resources and no standard ecological measure of predictability exists. We examined the potential predictability of carrion resources provided by one of the UK's largest grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) colonies, on the Isle of May, Scotland. We used aerial (11 years) and ground surveys (3 years) to quantify the variability in time, space, quantity (kg), and quality (MJ) of seal carrion during the seal pupping season. We then compared the potential predictability of seal carrion to other periodic changes in food availability in nature. An average of 6893 kg of carrion ∙yr⁻¹ corresponding to 110.5 × 10³ MJ yr⁻¹ was released for potential scavengers as placentae and dead animals. A fifth of the total biomass from dead seals was consumed by the end of the pupping season, mostly by avian scavengers. The spatial distribution of carcasses was similar across years, and 28% of the area containing >10 carcasses ha⁻¹ was shared among all years. Relative standard errors (RSE) in space, time, quantity, and quality of carrion were all below 34%. This is similar to other allochthonous-dependent ecosystems, such as those affected by migratory salmon, and indicates high predictability of seal carrion as a resource. Our study illustrates how to quantify predictability in carrion, which is of general relevance to ecosystems that are dependent on this resource. We also highlight the importance of carrion to marine coastal ecosystems, where it sustains avian scavengers thus affecting ecosystem structure and function.



http://ift.tt/2IAOt5X

Surgical Management of the Drooling Child

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Our goal is to present the most up-to-date options in the surgical management of drooling in the paediatric population. While the clinical assessment of the drooling child and conservative management options are discussed, this review focuses on the most recent evidence for surgical interventions to treat drooling in children.

Recent Findings

In terms of advances in the management of drooling, further experience and outcomes with the use of botulinum toxin injections is discussed. Moreover, the latest evidence-base for salivary duct ligation and relocation procedures are presented. Finally, the trans-oral approach to submandibular gland excision for the management of drooling may gain popularity through the aim of reducing surgical morbidity.

Summary

The drooling child should be managed with an evidence-based stepwise approach delivered by a multidisciplinary team (MDT). Children with normal neurological development should be treated conservatively through parental reassurance. There are numerous interventions available for the drooling child with impaired neuromuscular development. When conservative measures fail, treatment options include botulinum toxin injections and surgical procedures such as salivary duct ligation, salivary duct relocation and salivary gland excision. Management must be targeted to the individual needs and comorbidities of the child to maximise treatment outcomes.

http://ift.tt/2GIIfAa

Pre-S2 Start Codon Mutation of Hepatitis B Virus Subgenotype B3 Effects on NF-κB Expression and Activation in Huh7 Cell Lines

Viral Immunology, Ahead of Print.


http://ift.tt/2ppGnVx

Managing complex trauma injuries in the elderly: a case report of a free flap and circular frame in a 95-year old patient with an open IIIB tibial fracture

Abstract

In an ageing population, increasing numbers of patients over the age of 70 are sustaining severe trauma. These patients require careful multidisciplinary team (MDT) management with careful consideration of existing co-morbidities, as such their treatment should be individually tailored. We present the case of a patient believed to be the oldest documented patient treated in a trauma setting with free flap and circular frame fixation to an open tibial fracture. A 95-year-old male presented to the Level 1 Major Trauma Centre (MTC) with multiple injuries after a pedestrian vs car incident. His injury severity score (ISS) was 22. For treatment of his open tibial fracture, he required soft tissue coverage with a free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap, and circular frame application. Microsurgery was performed after consultation with the MDT and was uneventful. The circular frame was removed after 10 months and the patient went on to regain pre-injury mobility. Use of free tissue transfer in elderly patients is well documented in the elective setting, but less so in trauma. This case demonstrates that careful patient selection, attention to detail and MDT working can result in an excellent outcome for the patient. The challenges faced in treating this patient will be described in detail.

Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study.

http://ift.tt/2FNDd8u

Actinobacteria-Derived Peptide Antibiotics since 2000

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Pengchao Zhao, Yun Xue, Weina Gao, Jinghua Li, Xiangyang Zu, Dongliao Fu, Shuxiao Feng, Xuefei Bai, Yanjun Zuo, Ping Li
Members of the Actinobacteria, including Streptomyces spp., Kutzneria sp. Actinoplanes spp., Actinomycete sp., Nocardia sp., Brevibacteriumsp.,Actinomadura spp., Micromonospora sp., Amycolatopsis spp., Nonomuraea spp., Nocardiopsis spp., Marinactinospora sp., Rhodococcus sp., Lentzea sp., Actinokineospora sp., Planomonospora sp., Streptomonospora sp., and Microbacterium sp., are an important source of structurally diverse classes of short peptides of ∼30 residues or fewer that will likely play an important role in new antibiotic development and discovery. Additionally, many have unique structures that make them recalcitrant to traditional modes of drug resistance via novel mechanisms, and these are ideal therapeutic tools and potential alternatives to current antibiotics. The need for novel antibiotic is urgent, and this review summarizes 199 Actinobacteria compounds published since 2000, including 35 cyclic lipopeptides containing piperazic or pipecolic acids, eight aromatic peptides, five glycopeptides, 21 bicyclic peptides, 44 other cyclic lipopeptides, five linear lipopeptides, six 2,5-diketopiperazines, one dimeric peptide, four nucleosidyl peptides, two thioamide-containing peptides, 25 thiopeptides, nine lasso peptides, and 34 typical cyclic peptides. The current and potential therapeutic applications of these peptides, including their structure, antituberculotic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-brugia, anti-plasmodial, and anti-trypanosomal activities, are discussed.



http://ift.tt/2DD21Kp

The Presence of Rape Myths in the Virtual World: A Qualitative Textual Analysis of the Steubenville Sexual Assault Case

Violence and Gender, Ahead of Print.


http://ift.tt/2GIqRvr

Psychological Abuse in the Context of Social Media

Violence and Gender, Ahead of Print.


http://ift.tt/2u2io3x

Endoreplication: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Trends in Cell Biology
Author(s): Zhiqiang Shu, Sarayu Row, Wu-Min Deng
To battle adverse internal and external conditions and maintain homeostasis, diploid organisms employ various cellular processes, such as proliferation and apoptosis. In some tissues, an alternative mechanism, endoreplication, is employed toward similar goals. Endoreplication is an evolutionarily conserved cell cycle program during which cells replicate their genomes without division, resulting in polyploid cells. Importantly, endoreplication is reported to be indispensable for normal development and organ formation across various organisms, from fungi to humans. In recent years, more attention has been drawn to delineating its connections to wound healing and tumorigenesis. In this Review, we discuss mechanisms of endoreplication and polyploidization, their essential and positive roles in normal development and tissue homeostasis, and the relationship between polyploidy and cancer.



http://ift.tt/2pq7Ntz

Cardiovascular Complications in Pregnancy: It Is Time for Action.

Author: Graves, Cornelia R. MD; Davis, Stacy F. MD

Page: 1213-1215

http://ift.tt/2IClC19

Class Effect for Sodium Glucose-Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Cardiovascular Outcomes: Implications for the Cardiovascular Disease Specialist.

Author: Bethel, M. Angelyn MD; McMurray, John J.V. MD

Page: 1218-1220

http://ift.tt/2IE9a0u

Perioperative Myocardial Injury After Noncardiac Surgery: Incidence, Mortality, and Characterization.

Author: Puelacher, Christian MD, PhD; Lurati Buse, Giovanna MD, MSc; Seeberger, Daniela MD; Sazgary, Lorraine MD; Marbot, Stella MD; Lampart, Andreas MD; Espinola, Jaqueline MD; Kindler, Christoph MD Prof; Hammerer, Angelika MD; Seeberger, Esther DAS; Strebel, Ivo MSc; Wildi, Karin MD; Twerenbold, Raphael MD; du Fay de Lavallaz, Jeanne MD; Steiner, Luzius MD Prof; Gurke, Lorenz MD Prof; Breidthardt, Tobias MD; Rentsch, Katharina PhD Prof; Buser, Andreas MD; Gualandro, Danielle M. MD, PhD; Osswald, Stefan MD Prof; Mueller, Christian MD; for the BASEL-PMI Investigators; Seeberger, Manfred; Christ-Crain, Mirjam; Cuculi, Florim; Badertscher, Patrick; Nestelberger, Thomas; Wussler, Desiree; Flores, Dayana; Boeddinghaus, Jasper; Sabti, Zaid; Gimenez, Maria Rubini; Kozhuharov, Nikola; Shrestha, Samyut; Kloos, Wanda; Lohrmann, Jens; Reichlin, Tobias; Freese, Michael; Meissner, Kathrin; Kaiser, Christoph; Buser, Andreas

Page: 1221-1232

http://ift.tt/2poPCET

High-Sensitivity Troponin in Noncardiac Surgery: Pandora's Box or Opportunity for Precision Perioperative Care?.

Author: Mandawat, Aditya MD; Newby, L. Kristin MD, MHS

Page: 1233-1235

http://ift.tt/2IE1Ulm

Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction and Myocardial Injury.

Author: Chapman, Andrew R. MD; Shah, Anoop S.V. MD, PhD; Lee, Kuan Ken MD; Anand, Atul MD; Francis, Oliver MD; Adamson, Philip MD; McAllister, David A. MD; Strachan, Fiona E. PhD; Newby, David E. MD, PhD; Mills, Nicholas L. MD, PhD

Page: 1236-1245

http://ift.tt/2poMDvS

Impact of Lipid Measurements in Youth in Addition to Conventional Clinic-Based Risk Factors on Predicting Preclinical Atherosclerosis in Adulthood: International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort Consortium.

Author: Koskinen, Juha MD, PhD; Juonala, Markus MD, PhD; Dwyer, Terence MD, MPH; Venn, Alison PhD; Thomson, Russell PhD; Bazzano, Lydia MD, PhD; Berenson, Gerald S. MD; Sabin, Matthew A. MD, PhD; Burns, Trudy L. MPH, PhD; Viikari, Jorma S.A. MD, PhD; Woo, Jessica G. MHSA, PhD; Urbina, Elaine M. MD, MS; Prineas, Ronald MB, BS, PhD; Hutri-Kahonen, Nina MD, PhD; Sinaiko, Alan MD; Jacobs, David PhD; Steinberger, Julia MD, MS; Daniels, Stephen MD, PhD; Raitakari, Olli T. MD, PhD; Magnussen, Costan G. PhD

Page: 1246-1255

http://ift.tt/2ICY5wW

Obesity, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia in Childhood Are Key Modifiable Antecedents of Adult Cardiovascular Disease: A Call to Action.

Author: Turer, Christy B. MD, MHS; Brady, Tammy M. MD, PhD; de Ferranti, Sarah D. MD, MPH

Page: 1256-1259

http://ift.tt/2punUqn

PCSK9 Variants, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Neurocognitive Impairment: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS).

Author: Mefford, Matthew T. MS; Rosenson, Robert S. MD; Cushman, Mary MD; Farkouh, Michael E. MD, MSc; McClure, Leslie A. PhD; Wadley, Virginia G. PhD; Irvin, Marguerite R. PhD; Bittner, Vera MD, MSPH; Safford, Monika M. MD; Somaratne, Ransi MD; Monda, Keri L. PhD; Muntner, Paul PhD; Levitan, Emily B. ScD

Page: 1260-1269

http://ift.tt/2ICY0t8

Application of Large-Scale Aptamer-Based Proteomic Profiling to Planned Myocardial Infarctions.

Author: Jacob, Jaison PhD *,; Ngo, Debby MD *,,; Finkel, Nancy MS; Pitts, Rebecca MS; Gleim, Scott PhD; Benson, Mark D. MD, PhD; Keyes, Michelle J. PhD; Farrell, Laurie A. RN; Morgan, Thomas MD; Jennings, Lori L. PhD +,; Gerszten, Robert E. MD +,,

Page: 1270-1277

http://ift.tt/2pqr6TO

Venous Thromboembolism Quality Measures Fail to Accurately Measure Quality.

Author: Lau, Brandyn D. MPH, CPH; Streiff, Michael B. MD; Pronovost, Peter J. MD, PhD; Haut, Elliott R. MD, PhD

Page: 1278-1284

http://ift.tt/2ICg1HX

From the Literature.

Author: Hampton, Tracy

Page: 1285-1286

http://ift.tt/2pq7oY5

Ventricular Tachycardia and Electrocardiographic ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Without Coronary Artery Disease.

Author: Zauner, Christina A. MD; Holshouser, J. Warren MD; Littmann, Laszlo MD, PhD

Page: 1287-1289

http://ift.tt/2ICfUfv

Association of Genetic Variation in Coronary Artery Disease-Related Loci With the Risk of Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Author: Andersson, Charlotte MD, PhD; Lyass, Asya PhD; Lin, Honghuang PhD; Kober, Lars MD, DSc; Larson, Martin G. DSc; Vasan, Ramachandran S. MD

Page: 1290-1292

http://ift.tt/2poQ5Xy

Letter by Zhu et al Regarding Article, "Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair".

Author: Zhu, Chengcheng PhD; Saloner, David PhD; Hope, Michael D. MD

Page: 1293-1294

http://ift.tt/2IE1U4Q

Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Aortic Wall Inflammation Predicts Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Expansion, Rupture, and Need for Surgical Repair".

Author: Forsythe, Rachael O. MD; Syed, Maaz MD; Newby, David E. MD, PhD; On Behalf of the MA3RS Investigators

Page: 1295-1296

http://ift.tt/2poQ5H2

Letter by Lewis et al Regarding Article, "Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertension: SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)".

Author: Lewis, Gavin A. MBChB; Schelbert, Erik B. MD, MS; Miller, Christopher A. MBChB, PhD

Page: 1297-1298

http://ift.tt/2IAHEBn

Letter by Jin-shan and Xue-bin Regarding Article, "Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertension: SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)".

Author: Jin-shan, He MD; Xue-bin, Li MD

Page: 1299

http://ift.tt/2poPqWb

Response by Soliman et al to Letters Regarding Article, "Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertension: SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)".

Author: Soliman, Elsayed Z. MD, MSc, MS; Ambrosius, Walter T. PhD; Lewis, Cora E. MD, MSPH

Page: 1300-1301

http://ift.tt/2ICfhCF

Radiotherapy induced cavernomas in adult cancer patients

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:Radiotherapy and Oncology
Author(s): Bernardo Cacho-Díaz, Karen Salmerón-Moreno, Nydia Lorenzana-Mendoza, Armando Reyes, Sergio I. Valdés-Ferrer, Gabriela Gómez-Ahumada, Gervith Reyes-Soto, Ángel Herrera-Gómez
Cerebral Cavernomas (CC) are vascular malformations located in the Central Nervous System (CNS) characterized by endothelium-lined vascular channels without parenchyma between them, whose main risk is hemorrhage. The aim of this study is to report adult cancer patients that developed CC after radiotherapy (RT) to the CNS during oncological surveillance.



http://ift.tt/2DFNBZO

Deltamethrin-induced nuclear erythrocyte alteration and damage to the gills and liver of Colossoma macropomum

Abstract

Deltamethrin is one of the most commonly used pyrethroids in the world, and it has a high toxic potential, mainly on aquatic organism. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate LC₅₀ values of deltamethrin on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings and to investigate genotoxic effects and histopathological responses. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of deltamethrin (0, 6.16 × 10⁻³; 6.44 × 10⁻²; 1.34 × 10⁻¹, and 1.93 × 10⁻¹ mg L⁻¹) for 96 h. In addition, a genotoxicity analysis was carried out on peripheral blood erythrocytes and histopathological changes were classified by the severity degree of damage and organ functioning. The 96 h LC₅₀ value for tambaqui was estimated at 5.56 × 10⁻² mg L⁻¹ using a static test system. Nuclear abnormalities in exposed fish included micronuclei, blebbed, notched, 8-shaped, and binucleated nuclei forms. Deltamethrin significantly induced a notched nucleus compared to other abnormalities. A histopathological examination showed hepatic lesions and gill damage. Deltamethrin was found to be highly toxic; it induced genotoxicity and caused liver and gill inflammation in tambaqui.

http://ift.tt/2prHoM1

The transition from HLA-I positive to HLA-I negative primary tumors: the road to escape from T-cell responses

Publication date: April 2018
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 51
Author(s): Natalia Aptsiauri, Francisco Ruiz-Cabello, Federico Garrido
MHC/HLA class I loss in cancer is one of the main mechanisms of tumor immune escape from T-cell recognition and destruction. Tumor infiltration by T lymphocytes (TILs) and by other immune cells was first described many years ago, but has never been directly and clearly linked to the destruction of HLA-I positive and selection of HLA-I negative tumor cells. The degree and the pattern of lymphocyte infiltration in a tumor nest may depend on antigenicity and the developmental stages of the tumors. In addition, it is becoming evident that HLA-I expression and tumor infiltration have a direct correlation with tumor tissue reorganization. We observed that at early stages (permissive Phase I) tumors are heterogeneous, with both HLA-I positive and HLA-negative cancer cells, and are infiltrated by TILs and M1 macrophages as a part of an active anti-tumor Th1 response. At later stages (encapsulated Phase II), tumor nests are mostly HLA-I negative with immune cells residing in the peri-tumoral stroma, which forms a granuloma-like encapsulated tissue structure. All these tumor characteristics, including tumor HLA-I expression pattern, have an important clinical prognostic value and should be closely and routinely investigated in different types of cancer by immunologists and by pathologists. In this review we summarize our current viewpoint about the alterations in HLA-I expression in cancer and discuss how, when and why tumor HLA-I losses occur. We also provide evidence for the negative impact of tumor HLA-I loss in current cancer immunotherapies, with the focus on reversible ('soft') and irreversible ('hard') HLA-I defects.



http://ift.tt/2FWgNxR

Strengthening the Anesthesia Workforce in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

The majority of the world's population lacks access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical care. Although there is a health workforce crisis across the board in the poorest countries in the world, anesthesia is disproportionally affected. This article explores some of the key issues that must be tackled to strengthen the anesthesia workforce in low- and lower-middle-income countries. First, we need to increase the overall number of safe anesthesia providers to match a huge burden of disease, particularly in the poorest countries in the world and in remote and rural areas. Through using a task-sharing model, an increase is required in both nonphysician anesthesia providers and anesthesia specialists. Second, there is a need to improve and support the competency of anesthesia providers overall. It is important to include a broad base of knowledge, skills, and attitudes required to manage complex and high-risk patients and to lead improvements in the quality of care. Third, there needs to be a concerted effort to encourage interprofessional skills and the aspects of working and learning together with colleagues in a complex surgical ecosystem. Finally, there has to be a focus on developing a workforce that is resilient to burnout and the challenges of an overwhelming clinical burden and very restricted resources. This is essential for anesthesia providers to stay healthy and effective and necessary to reduce the inevitable loss of human resources through migration and cessation of professional practice. It is vital to realize that all of these issues need to be tackled simultaneously, and none neglected, if a sustainable and scalable solution is to be achieved.

http://ift.tt/2FNOuFA

Safe Surgery Globally by 2030: The Essential Role of Anesthesia, The View From Obstetrics

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2GHMVX9

Safe Surgery Globally by 2030: The View From Anesthesia

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2FNVVwM

Global Access to Safe Anesthesia: Addressing the Gap

No abstract available

http://ift.tt/2HLIXMl

Management of Incidental Lung Nodules

Publication date: Available online 7 March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America
Author(s): Jeffrey B. Alpert, Jane P. Ko

Teaser

Incidentally detected lung nodules are increasingly common in routine diagnostic computed tomography (CT) imaging. Formal management recommendations for incidental nodules, such as those outlined by the Fleischner Society, must therefore reflect a balance of malignancy risk and the clinical context in which nodules are discovered. Nodule size, attenuation, morphology, and location all influence the likelihood of malignancy and, thus, the necessity and timing of follow-up according to current Fleischner recommendations. As technological advancements in CT imaging continue, there may be greater reliance on advanced computerized analysis of lung nodule features to help determine the risk of clinically significant disease.


http://ift.tt/2u2Ep25

Lung Cancer Biopsies

Publication date: Available online 7 March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America
Author(s): Amita Sharma, Jo-Anne O. Shepard

Teaser

Image-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) is a well-established and minimally invasive technique for evaluating pulmonary nodules. Implementation of a national lung screening program and increased use of chest computed tomography have contributed to the frequent identification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules that may require tissue sampling. The advent of biomarker-driven lung cancer therapy has led to increased use of repeat PTNB after diagnosis. Percutaneous insertion of markers for preoperative localization of small nodules can aid in minimally invasive surgery and radiation treatment planning. This article discusses PTNB, patient selection, and biopsy technique, including minimizing and managing complications.


http://ift.tt/2FLJ3XH

Missed Lung Cancer

Publication date: Available online 7 March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America
Author(s): Rydhwana Hossain, Carol C. Wu, Patricia M. de Groot, Brett W. Carter, Matthew D. Gilman, Gerald F. Abbott

Teaser

The chest radiograph is one of the most commonly used imaging studies and is the modality of choice for initial evaluation of many common clinical scenarios. Over the last two decades, chest computed tomography has been increasingly used for a wide variety of indications, including respiratory illnesses, trauma, oncologic staging, and more recently lung cancer screening. Diagnostic radiologists should be familiar with the common causes of missed lung cancers on imaging studies in order to avoid detection and interpretation errors. Failure to detect these lesions can potentially have serious implications for both patients as well as the interpreting radiologist.


http://ift.tt/2u3kTT9

MR Imaging of the Prostate

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 56, Issue 2
Author(s): Aytekin Oto




http://ift.tt/2FNJDED

Copyright

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 56, Issue 2





http://ift.tt/2u1bifH

Staging Lung Cancer

Publication date: Available online 7 March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America
Author(s): Girish S. Shroff, Chitra Viswanathan, Brett W. Carter, Marcelo F. Benveniste, Mylene T. Truong, Bradley S. Sabloff

Teaser

The updated eighth edition of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification for lung cancer includes revisions to T and M descriptors. In terms of the M descriptor, the classification of intrathoracic metastatic disease as M1a is unchanged from TNM-7. Extrathoracic metastatic disease, which was classified as M1b in TNM-7, is now subdivided into M1b (single metastasis, single organ) and M1c (multiple metastases in one or multiple organs) descriptors. In this article, the rationale for changes in the M descriptors, the utility of preoperative staging with PET/computed tomography, and the treatment options available for patients with oligometastatic disease are discussed.


http://ift.tt/2FPKRPx

Contributors

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 56, Issue 2





http://ift.tt/2u1bgo5

Contents

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 56, Issue 2





http://ift.tt/2FPKKDB

CME Accreditation Page

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 56, Issue 2





http://ift.tt/2u1x1UG

Forthcoming Issues

Publication date: March 2018
Source:Radiologic Clinics of North America, Volume 56, Issue 2





http://ift.tt/2FKCYuR

Überwachung des Analgesieniveaus unter Allgemeinanästhesie

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 166-167
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-0557

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2G7qTPv

Gastrointestinale Anastomoseninsuffizienz: operatives vs. konservatives Vorgehen

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 212-219
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-120994

Eine Anastomoseninsuffizienz ist nach Resektionen und Rekonstruktionen im Gastrointestinaltrakt eine häufige Komplikation – ihre Folgen sind eine Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthaltes, eine schlechtere Prognose und eine erhöhte Letalität der betroffenen Patienten 1, 2. Der folgende Beitrag beleuchtet konservative und operative Therapieoptionen der Anastomoseninsuffizienz und zeigt Strategien zu ihrer Vermeidung und Früherkennung auf.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2HMATLf

REBOA bei der Körperstammblutung – die Bedeutung für den Anästhesisten

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 168-169
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-0573

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2GKEdaK

Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Doppellumentubus

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 174-185
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-114678

Die Seitentrennung der Lungen mit konsekutiver Ein-Lungen-Ventilation ist der zentrale Bestandteil des Atemwegsmanagements in der Thoraxanästhesie. Das Indikationsspektrum umfasst dabei die thoraxchirurgischen und prozedurbezogenen Notwendigkeiten wie auch die patientenspezifischen Faktoren. Von der Vielzahl der technischen Möglichkeiten der Separation der Lungenflügel bleiben routinemäßig nur die Anwendung des Doppellumentubus oder des Bronchusblockers übrig. Die ausgewiesene Kenntnis der tracheobronchialen Anatomie bis zur Segmentebene durch den Anästhesisten ist ebenso notwendig wie der standardmäßige Einsatz einer flexiblen Fiberoptik. Diese Arbeit gibt grundlegende Empfehlungen für die klinische Routine, stellt eine Übersicht zum derzeitigen Stellenwert im Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Doppellumentubus dar und berücksichtigt kontroverse Diskussionen zu Größe und Design.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2FXovrk

Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Bronchusblocker

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 198-210
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-114677

Bronchusblocker stellen für die Ein-Lungen-Ventilation eine Alternative zum Doppellumentubus dar – bei spezifischen Patientengruppen können sie sogar die einzige Option für die Lungenisolation sein. In diesem Beitrag werden Indikationen für Bronchusblocker gezeigt und die verfügbaren Modelle mit praktischen Hinweisen vorgestellt. Im Anschluss wird die klinische Anwendbarkeit der Bronchusblocker mit der des Doppellumentubus verglichen.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2FTZ9L0

Ungewöhnlicher Fall eines schweren Polytraumas beim Kleinkind – Happy End trotz Fallstricken

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 220-223
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-109008

Ein 16 Monate alter Junge erleidet bei einem Verkehrsunfall ein schwerstes Polytrauma (dislozierte offene Beckenfraktur, pelvines Décollement und hämorrhagischer Schock). Die dabei auftretenden Besonderheiten und Fallstricke in der präklinischen und frühen klinischen Versorgung dieses schweren und seltenen Traumas bei pädiatrischen Patienten werden herausgearbeitet, wobei besonders auf die damit einhergehenden medizinisch-einsatztaktischen Schwierigkeiten eingegangen wird.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2G4C9fI

Weniger postoperative Komplikationen nach individuellem Blutdruckmanagement

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 165-166
DOI: 10.1055/a-0576-9925

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2HJj8fZ

Concordance with anaphylaxis care guidelines and the impact on healthcare resource utilization in the USA

For patients who have experienced anaphylaxis, United States (US) guidelines recommend first-line therapy with epinephrine to prevent fatalities, as well as prescription of an epinephrine auto-injector (EAI), referral to an allergist/immunologist, and training to identify and avoid the responsible allergen.1–3 However, adherence to these guidelines is low4–6 and generally, patients face increased healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs.4

http://ift.tt/2G89cQ8

Hepatitis B vaccine non-responders: possible mechanisms and solutions

Hepatitis B (HBV) is a viral illness that chronically infects 240 million people worldwide, leads to cirrhotic liver disease, and increases risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. The HBV vaccine has decreased HBV infection and along with human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine are the only vaccines that prevent cancer. Despite the effectiveness of HBV vaccine, some populations do not develop protective responses. The risk groups for poor response include those with immunosuppression or dialysis-dependent, end-stage renal disease.

http://ift.tt/2FSN6O5

Validity and responsiveness of the urticaria activity and impact measure (U-AIM), a new patient-reported tool

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), also known as chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), may produce hives, itch, and angioedema. The Urticaria Activity and Impact Measure (U-AIM) is a newly developed 9-item patient-reported measure designed for use in routine clinical practice to assess CSU activity and impact over the previous 7 days.

http://ift.tt/2FMloX9

Self-reported adverse reactions associated with mycoprotein (Quorn-brand) containing foods Michael F. Jacobson, PhD, Center for Science in the Public Interest

Mycoprotein, which is produced by a mold and is the basis of Quorn-brand meat substitutes, is a novel cause of allergic and gastrointestinal reactions, but little information has been available on its associated symptomatology.

http://ift.tt/2HP0SBT

YouTube as a source of information for obstructive sleep apnea

Assess the quality of information on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presented on YouTube for patients.

http://ift.tt/2G4F6wH

Atemwegsmanagement – der schwierige Atemweg beim thoraxchirurgischen Patienten

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 187-197
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-114679

Das Management des schwierigen Atemwegs bei thoraxchirurgischen Patienten ist in den gültigen Leitlinien kaum abgebildet und stellt insbesondere in der Thoraxanästhesie mit der notwendigen Seitentrennung der Atemwege durch einen Doppellumentubus oder Bronchusblocker eine Herausforderung dar. Die Definition des schwierigen Atemwegs mit erschwerter Maskenbeatmung, Laryngoskopie oder endotrachealer Intubation wird überwiegend durch Veränderungen der Anatomie der oberen Atemwege (schwieriger oberer Atemweg) charakterisiert. Pathologische Veränderungen in der tracheobronchialen Anatomie, die die Platzierung des Doppellumentubus oder anderer Atemwegshilfen erschweren (schwieriger unterer Atemweg; schwierige Seitentrennung), sind in die Definition miteinzubeziehen. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Identifikation von Risikopatienten, Techniken, Empfehlungen und Algorithmen für das Management bei erwartet und unerwartet schwierigem Atemweg. Darüber hinaus gibt er einen Überblick über die Auswahl verschiedener Verfahren und Hilfsmittel zur Seitentrennung der Lungen zur Etablierung einer Ein-Lungen-Ventilation.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2HNmXkc

Intraoperatives Ketamin verhindert weder Delir, noch reduziert es postoperativen Schmerz

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 165-165
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-0303

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2GKyQIu

Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 171-172
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-4101

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2FSgHXR

Überwachung des Analgesieniveaus unter Allgemeinanästhesie

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 166-167
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-0557

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2G7qTPv

Gastrointestinale Anastomoseninsuffizienz: operatives vs. konservatives Vorgehen

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 212-219
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-120994

Eine Anastomoseninsuffizienz ist nach Resektionen und Rekonstruktionen im Gastrointestinaltrakt eine häufige Komplikation – ihre Folgen sind eine Verlängerung des stationären Aufenthaltes, eine schlechtere Prognose und eine erhöhte Letalität der betroffenen Patienten 1, 2. Der folgende Beitrag beleuchtet konservative und operative Therapieoptionen der Anastomoseninsuffizienz und zeigt Strategien zu ihrer Vermeidung und Früherkennung auf.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2HMATLf

REBOA bei der Körperstammblutung – die Bedeutung für den Anästhesisten

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 168-169
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-0573

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2GKEdaK

Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Doppellumentubus

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 174-185
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-114678

Die Seitentrennung der Lungen mit konsekutiver Ein-Lungen-Ventilation ist der zentrale Bestandteil des Atemwegsmanagements in der Thoraxanästhesie. Das Indikationsspektrum umfasst dabei die thoraxchirurgischen und prozedurbezogenen Notwendigkeiten wie auch die patientenspezifischen Faktoren. Von der Vielzahl der technischen Möglichkeiten der Separation der Lungenflügel bleiben routinemäßig nur die Anwendung des Doppellumentubus oder des Bronchusblockers übrig. Die ausgewiesene Kenntnis der tracheobronchialen Anatomie bis zur Segmentebene durch den Anästhesisten ist ebenso notwendig wie der standardmäßige Einsatz einer flexiblen Fiberoptik. Diese Arbeit gibt grundlegende Empfehlungen für die klinische Routine, stellt eine Übersicht zum derzeitigen Stellenwert im Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Doppellumentubus dar und berücksichtigt kontroverse Diskussionen zu Größe und Design.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2FXovrk

Infektionen durch Mycobacterium chimaera nach kardiochirurgischen Eingriffen

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 168-168
DOI: 10.1055/a-0577-0619

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2GbLbHE

Atemwegsmanagement in der Thoraxanästhesie mit dem Bronchusblocker

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 198-210
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-114677

Bronchusblocker stellen für die Ein-Lungen-Ventilation eine Alternative zum Doppellumentubus dar – bei spezifischen Patientengruppen können sie sogar die einzige Option für die Lungenisolation sein. In diesem Beitrag werden Indikationen für Bronchusblocker gezeigt und die verfügbaren Modelle mit praktischen Hinweisen vorgestellt. Im Anschluss wird die klinische Anwendbarkeit der Bronchusblocker mit der des Doppellumentubus verglichen.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2FTZ9L0

Ungewöhnlicher Fall eines schweren Polytraumas beim Kleinkind – Happy End trotz Fallstricken

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 220-223
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-109008

Ein 16 Monate alter Junge erleidet bei einem Verkehrsunfall ein schwerstes Polytrauma (dislozierte offene Beckenfraktur, pelvines Décollement und hämorrhagischer Schock). Die dabei auftretenden Besonderheiten und Fallstricke in der präklinischen und frühen klinischen Versorgung dieses schweren und seltenen Traumas bei pädiatrischen Patienten werden herausgearbeitet, wobei besonders auf die damit einhergehenden medizinisch-einsatztaktischen Schwierigkeiten eingegangen wird.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2G4C9fI

Weniger postoperative Komplikationen nach individuellem Blutdruckmanagement

Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 165-166
DOI: 10.1055/a-0576-9925

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Full text

http://ift.tt/2HJj8fZ

Reference intervals for measured and calculated free 25-hydroxyvitamin D in normal pregnancy

Publication date: Available online 19 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Author(s): Oleg Tsuprykov, Claudia Buse, Roman Skoblo, Afrozul Haq, Berthold Hocher
The determination of free 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) as compared to the analysis of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D might reflect better the vitamin D status during pregnancy, since vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) concentrations increase throughout pregnancy and the vast majority of 25(OH)D is tightly bound to DBP thus strongly influencing total 25(OH)D. The concentration of the biologically active free 25(OH)D – on the other hand – is much less dependent on the DBP concentrations. The study was conducted in May-June 2016 in 368 Caucasian pregnant healthy women – residents of Northeastern Germany. Free 25(OH)D was either measured directly by commercial ELISA kit or assessed by calculation via total 25(OH)D, DBP, and albumin serum concentrations. Regardless of the detection method, free 25(OH)D lowers in the 3^rd trimester comparing to the 1^st trimester (by 12% and 21%, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, for measured and calculated free 25(OH)D, respectively), whereas total 25(OH)D was not decreased in late pregnancy. DBP rises with gestational age. Total 25(OH)D was not correlated with serum calcium (p = 0.251), whereas free 25(OH)D was significantly (p = 0.007 for measured free 25(OH)D and p < 0.001 for calculated free 25(OH)D) positively correlated with calcium. All 25(OH)D isoforms were significantly negatively correlated with bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP), however the correlation strength was the lowest with total 25(OH)D (rho=-0.108, p = 0.038), whereas both measured and calculated free 25(OH)D revealed better associations with BSAP (rho=-0.203 and rho=-0.211 for measured and calculated free 25(OH)D, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). We established pregnancy trimester-specific reference intervals for free measured and calculated 25(OH)D and DBP. Both measured and calculated free 25(OH)D showed better correlations with parameters of the endocrine vitamin D system (calcium and BSAP). Both ways of measuring free 25(OH)D in pregnant women are suitable as novel laboratory parameter for vitamin D status monitoring during human pregnancy and might replace in the future the routine total 25(OH)D assessment.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2ppaE6W

Thin film of CdTeSe/ZnS quantum dots on water subphase: Thermodynamics and morphology studies

Publication date: August 2018
Source:Dyes and Pigments, Volume 155
Author(s): B. Bursa, K. Rytel, M. Skrzypiec, K. Prochaska, D. Wróbel
Colloidally synthesized semiconductor nanoparticles have been receiving much attention due to their potential application in the area of photovoltaics, optic devices, biology, and medicine. This work explains how semiconductor CdTeSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) with the surface modified by trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) were dispersed on the surface of water. The studies of the organization and behavior of formation layers of CdTeSe/ZnS were followed by surface pressure-area isotherm measurements, in-situ absorption spectroscopy, Brewster Angle Microscopy (BAM) and surface potential measurements. The conducted research shows that CdTeSe/ZnS QDs form a tightly-packed, thin layer at the water-air interface, which can be easily deposited on different surfaces with the Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schafer techniques.



http://ift.tt/2GLjQdy

Enrichment of naturally occurring radionuclides and trace elements in Yatagan and Yenikoy coal-fired thermal power plants, Turkey

Publication date: August 2018
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 188
Author(s): Banu Ozden, Erkan Guler, Taavi Vaasma, Maria Horvath, Madis Kiisk, Tibor Kovacs
Coal, residues and waste produced by the combustion of the coal contain naturally occurring radionuclides such as ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K and trace elements such as Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Zn. In this work, coal and its combustion residues collected from Yatagan and Yenikoy coal fired thermal power plants (CPPs) in Turkey were studied to determine the concentrations of natural radionuclides and trace elements, and their enrichments factors to better understand the radionuclide concentration processes within the combustion system. In addition, the utilization of coal fly ash as a secondary raw material in building industry was also studied in terms of radiological aspects. Fly ash samples were taken at different stages along the emission control system of the thermal power plants. Activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides were determined with Canberra Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detector BE3830-P and ORTEC Soloist PIPS type semiconductor detector. The particle size distribution and trace elements contents were determined in various ash fractions by the laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer and inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES). From the obtained data, natural radionuclides tend to condense on fly ash with and the activity concentrations increase as the temperature drop in CPPs. Measured ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po concentration varied between 186 ± 20–1153 ± 44 Bq kg⁻¹, and 56 ± 5–1174 ± 45 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. The highest ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po activity concentrations were determined in fly ash taken from the temporary storage point as 1153 ± 44 Bq kg⁻¹ and 1174 ± 45 Bq kg⁻¹, respectively. There were significant differences in the activity concentrations of some natural radionuclide and trace elements (Pb and Zn) contents in ash fractions among the sampling point inside both of the plants (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Coal and ash sample analysis showed an increase activity concentration and enrichment factors towards the electrostatic precipitators for both of the power plants. The enrichment factors for Zn follow a similar trend as Pb, increasing in value towards the end of the emission control system. The calculated activity indexes were above 1.0 value for both of the power plants, assuming the utilization of fly ash at 100%. It can be concluded that the reuse of fly ash as a secondary raw material may not be hazardous depending on the percentage of utilization of ash.



http://ift.tt/2ppSZLP

Study of the structure and optical properties of Cu and Mn in situ doped ZnS films by chemical bath deposition

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, Volume 81
Author(s): E.G. Alvarez-Coronado, L.A. González, J.C. Rendón-Ángeles, M.A. Meléndez-Lira, R. Ramírez-Bon
The in situ doping of ZnS films with Cu and Mn ions was obtained by the chemical bath deposition method. The resulting films, with cubic crystalline structure, were specular, adherent, and optically transparent. The analysis from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the effective insertion of Cu and Mn ions and the formation of defects in the crystalline structure of the ZnS films. Moreover, the morphology analysis showed that the presence of the doping ions in the reaction solution promoted the deposition of films with better uniformity. The effects of the doping agents in the optical properties of the ZnS films were also analyzed. First of all, it was observed a red-shift of the optical absorption edge, and therefore, the decrease of the optical band gap. Afterwards, the room-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed the effective activation of the ZnS film with Cu and Mn ions, when the luminescence emission centered at 470 nm was shifted to longer wavelengths (green-orange emissions centered at 530 nm). Based in these results, it is concluded that the process reported here could be used as an original alternative for the preparation of ZnS films with a mixture of other doping agents.



http://ift.tt/2u1rspg

Polyphenol uses in biomaterials engineering

Publication date: June 2018
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 167
Author(s): Amin Shavandi, Alaa El-Din Ahmed Bekhit, Pouya Saeedi, Zohreh Izadifar, Adnan A. Bekhit, Ali Khademhosseini
Polyphenols are micronutrients obtained from diet that have been suggested to play an important role in health. The health benefits of polyphenols and their protective effects in food systems as antioxidant compounds are well known and have been extensively investigated. However, their functional roles as a "processing cofactor" in tissue engineering applications are less widely known. This review focuses on the functionality of polyphenols and their application in biomaterials. Polyphenols have been used to stabilize collagen and to improve its resistance to degradation in biological systems. Therefore, they have been proposed to improve the performance of biomedical devices used in cardiovascular systems by improving the mechanical properties of grafted heart valves, enhancing microcirculation through the relaxation of the arterial walls and improving the capillary blood flow and pressure resistance. Polyphenols have been found to stimulate bone formation, mineralization, as well as the proliferation, differentiation, and the survival of osteoblasts. These effects are brought about by the stimulatory effect of polyphenols on osteoblast cells and their protective effect against oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, polyphenols inhibit the differentiation of the osteoclast cells. Collectively, these actions lead to promote bone formation and to reduce bone resorption, respectively. Moreover, polyphenols can increase the cross-linking of dentine and hence its mechanical stability. Overall, polyphenols provide interesting properties that will stimulate further research in the bioengineering field.



http://ift.tt/2pqadZq