Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: 01/06/16

Τετάρτη 6 Ιανουαρίου 2016

nMET, a new target in recurrent cancer.

nMET, a new target in recurrent cancer.

Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2016 Jan 4;

Authors: Xie Y, Istayeva S, Chen Z, Tokay T, Zhumadilov Z, Wu D, Hortelano G, Zhang J

Abstract
Membranous Met is classically identified with its role in cancer metastases, while nuclear Met is associated with a more invasive, aggressive and proliferative form of cancer. Full-length Met or N-terminal transmembrane domain cleaved Met can translocate into nucleus in a cell growth and pH dependent but ligand-dependent (full length Met) and -independent (cleaved Met) manner. nMET may play greater essential roles in cancer recurrence than membranous Met. For example in prostate cancer, it has been found that androgen receptor (AR) may inhibit the expression of membranous Met so anti-androgen based prostate cancer therapy may promote the expression of nuclear Met (nMET). We recently found a novel nMET/SOX9/β-Catenin/AR pathway in relapsed prostate cancer which may contribute to the formation of the feedback loop of AR reactivation via MET/nMET. Emerging evidence suggests the possibility of nMET as a prognostic marker in relapsed cancer. This review summarizes recent findings about nMET and its unique role in recurrent cancer.

PMID: 26728040 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint blockade: a comprehensive review

Publication date: February 2016
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 54
Author(s): J.M. Michot, C. Bigenwald, S. Champiat, M. Collins, F. Carbonnel, S. Postel-Vinay, A. Berdelou, A. Varga, R. Bahleda, A. Hollebecque, C. Massard, A. Fuerea, V. Ribrag, A. Gazzah, J.P. Armand, N. Amellal, E. Angevin, N. Noel, C. Boutros, C. Mateus, C. Robert, J.C. Soria, A. Marabelle, O. Lambotte
Cancer immunotherapy is coming of age; it has prompted a paradigm shift in oncology, in which therapeutic agents are used to target immune cells rather than cancer cells. The first generation of new immunotherapies corresponds to antagonistic antibodies that block specific immune checkpoint molecules cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1. Targeting these checkpoints in patients living with cancer had led to long-lasting tumour responses. By unbalancing the immune system, these new immunotherapies also generate dysimmune toxicities, called immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) that mainly involve the gut, skin, endocrine glands, liver, and lung but can potentially affect any tissue. In view of their undisputed clinical efficacy, anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies are entering in the routine oncological practice, and the number of patients exposed to these drugs will increase dramatically in the near future. Although steroids can be used to treat these IRAEs, the associated immunosuppression may compromise the antitumour response. Oncologists must be ready to detect and manage these new types of adverse events. This review focuses on the mechanisms of IRAE generation, putative relationship between dysimmune toxicity and antitumour efficacy, as a basis for management guidelines.

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Ewing sarcoma: The clinical relevance of the insulin-like growth factor 1 and the poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase pathway

Publication date: January 2016
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 53
Author(s): Annemiek M. van Maldegem, Judith V.M.G. Bovée, Elleke F.P. Peterse, Pancras C.W. Hogendoorn, Hans Gelderblom
BackgroundIn the last three decades the outcome for patients with localised Ewing sarcoma (ES) has improved significantly since the introduction of multimodality primary treatment. However, for patients with (extra-) pulmonary metastatic and/or non-resectable relapsed disease the outcome remains poor and new treatment options are urgently needed. Currently the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathway and the poly-ADP(adenosinediphosphate)-ribose-polymerase (PARP) pathway are being investigated for potential targeted therapies.IGF-1RThe IGF-1R pathway is known to be deregulated by the EWSR1-FLI1 translocation which makes it a potential target for therapy. Clinical trials have been reported in which only ES patients were treated with an IGF-1R inhibitor, either as single agent or in combination. In total 291 ES patients were included in these trials, in which two (0.7%) complete responses, 32 (11%) partial responses of which some durable, and 61 (21%) stable diseases were observed.PARPIn the presence of a PARP inhibitor DNA strand breaks cannot be efficiently repaired, leading to cell death. The first phase II trial with ES patients was recently published and showed no clinical responses, which may have been due to the drug being non-effective as a single agent.DiscussionThe IGF-1R pathway is an interesting target for ES and should be explored further, as biomarkers to select patients that might benefit from treatment are lacking. PARP inhibitors as single agent have so far failed to show improvement in outcome. Future directions include dual insulin receptor/IGF-1R blockade with linsitinib as well as chemotherapy–PARP combinations. Both therapeutic strategies are currently being explored.

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What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in schizophrenia?

What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in schizophrenia?

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 5;:1-9

Authors: Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Probst M, Connaughton J, du Plessis C, Yamamoto T, Stubbs B

Abstract
Purpose Research has only recently started to consider the applicability of physical activity (PA) for people with schizophrenia. Although there is increasing evidence for the benefits of physical activity, this population remains generally physically inactive and sedentary. The aim of the current study is to highlight 10 pertinent physical activity research questions in people with schizophrenia. Method The International Organisation of Physical Therapy in Mental Health (IOPTMH) executed a consultation of its National Organisations (n = 13) to identify the most salient questions relevant to guide clinical practise on physical activity in people with schizophrenia. Results We identified the following 10 questions: (1) What are the benefits of physical activity for people with schizophrenia? (2) What are the mechanisms of the physical activity effects in people with schizophrenia? (3) What are the most prominent safety issues for physical activity prescription in people with schizophrenia? (4) What is the most optimal physical activity prescription for people with schizophrenia? (5) What are the key barriers for engaging people with schizophrenia in physical activity? (6) What are the most effective motivational interventions for physical activity adoption and maintenance in people with schizophrenia? (7) How do we translate physical activity research into clinical and community practise? (8) How can we ensure integration of physical therapists within the multidisciplinary mental health treatment team? (9) How can we prevent sedentary behaviour in people with schizophrenia? (10) What is the most appropriate physical activity assessment method in clinical practise? Conclusions Addressing these questions is critical for developing evidence-based approaches for promoting and sustaining an active lifestyle in people with schizophrenia. Ultimately, achieving this will improve the quality of life of this population. Implications for Rehabilitation Investigation of behaviour change interventions for people with schizophrenia is critical. A low cost, easy to use, clinical, valid physical activity questionnaire is urgently needed.

PMID: 26728764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A qualitative investigation of factors that matter to individuals in the pain management process.

A qualitative investigation of factors that matter to individuals in the pain management process.

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 4;:1-9

Authors: Franklin ZC, Smith NC, Fowler NE

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is a complex condition to manage with widespread consequences including physical disability, psychosocial effects and increased use of healthcare. Previous research has found patients' experiences within health care can be influenced by factors such as expectations, therapist characteristics and treatment process. This study used patient interviews to identify the key factors that influence individuals' experiences in the management of chronic pain.
DESIGN: Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews in either a home or hospital setting.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted on eight participants attending hospital-based pain management. Participants were asked about their experiences of pain management and living with a chronic pain condition. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically.
RESULTS: Three main themes were identified; impact of their condition on daily life, clinical interactions and the pain management process. Understanding the condition was a key factor for the patients, in particular, explanation by the clinician. The temporality of their pain meant timing of appointments was critical. Patients reported factors such as family days and follow-up sessions would improve their treatment experience.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted important factors for healthcare professionals and patients in the management of chronic pain. Participants indicated a desire to understand their condition and learn strategies for self-management to allow them to cope better. As patients found benefit from being involved in the management process, discussions around the options for treatment may enhance management and rehabilitation. It is important we continue to research factors important to individuals with musculoskeletal pain to find an effective, evidence-based framework for understanding and managing this condition. Implications for rehabilitation This study highlights the importance to patients of being given information to help them understand their pain condition and to learn strategies for self-management to cope better. Where information was not provided and inadequate time allowed for questioning and discussion, patients tended to desire more frequent access to the care services. More effective communication may result in reduced demand and more efficient management. Patients suggested that ongoing peer support may offer an alternative to clinician-led services.

PMID: 26728636 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Support group programme for siblings of children with special needs: predictors of improved emotional and behavioural functioning.

Support group programme for siblings of children with special needs: predictors of improved emotional and behavioural functioning.

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 5;:1-10

Authors: Roberts RM, Ejova A, Giallo R, Strohm K, Lillie ME

Abstract
Purpose A pilot study to identify the predictors of improvement in emotional and behavioural functioning of siblings of children with special needs following participation in SibworkS, a six-week manual-based, cognitive-behavioural group programme. Method Data from 36 participants from a recent evaluation of the SibworkS programme was used. Measures were administered pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention and three months post-intervention. Treatment effects were measured using change scores for siblings on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - Parent Version (SDQ). Seven predictors were analysed: symptom severity of the child with special needs, participant age and gender, sibling birth order, family socio-economic status, participant baseline SDQ score and participant use of additional support services. Results The overall model significantly predicted change in SDQ scores at post-intervention and follow-up (adjusted R(2) = 0.41 and 0.40). At both evaluation points, SDQ change scores were significantly predicted by baseline SDQ score. Furthermore, symptom severity of the child with special needs was a significant predictor at three months post-intervention. Conclusions Poorer emotional and behavioural functioning among participants and symptom severity of the child with special needs were associated with greater intervention effects. These results indicate that SibworkS is likely to be beneficial for siblings who have difficulties adjusting, and siblings of children with more severe special needs. Implications for Rehabilitation Siblings of children with disability are at increased risk of emotional and behavioural difficulties. Sibworks is a manualised group-based intervention for the siblings of children with a disability. Poorer emotional and behavioural functioning among participants and symptom severity of the child with special needs were associated with greater intervention effects. SibworkS is likely to be beneficial for siblings who have difficulties adjusting and siblings of children with more severe disabilities.

PMID: 26728633 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on the lower extremities in patients with stroke: a pilot study.

Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on the lower extremities in patients with stroke: a pilot study.

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 4;:1-7

Authors: Zhu Y, Zhou C, Liu Y, Liu J, Jin J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Huang D, Zhu B, Xu Y, Wu Y

Abstract
PURPOSE: This study aimed to qualify the improvements of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (m-CIMT) on the lower limb of stroke patients via assessing the centre of mass (COM) displacement and the basic gait parameters.
METHODS: A total of 22 hemiplegic patients after stroke with first-time clinical cerebral infarction or haemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident were included in this study from May to December, 2014. The patients were randomly divided into m-CIMT group and the conventional therapy group (control group), and received corresponding training for five days/week for four weeks. The COM displacement and gait parameters were assessed by three-dimensional segmental kinematics method in pre-intervention and post- intervention therapy.
RESULTS: After four weeks of m-CIMT, the COM displacement on sagittal plane of paretic leg during stance phase was increased (pre: 91.04 ± 4.39 cm, post: 92.38 ± 4.58 cm, p < 0.05) and swing range of frontal plane was remarkably decreased (pre: 10.15 ± 3.05 cm, post: 7.83 ± 1.90 cm, p < 0.001). Meantime, the normalised swing range of COM in m-CIMT was superior to that in control group. Moreover, the gait parameters, including velocity (0.27 m/s), step width (0.10 m), step length (0.22 m) and swing time percentage (29.80%), were significantly improved by post-interventions of m-CIMT (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The m-CIMT intervention improves the COM displacement in sagittal and frontal plane, as well as gait parameters. These suggest that m-CIMT intervention may be feasible and effective for the rehabilitation of hemiplegic gait. Implications for Rehabilitation Segmental kinematics method was used to estimate the displacement of the COM. m-CIMT interventions improved the COM displacement of patients after stroke. m-CIMT interventions improved the hemiplegic gait parameters.

PMID: 26728501 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Influence of Long-Term Zinc Administration on Spatial Learning and Exploratory Activity in Rats

Abstract

Animal brain contains a significant amount of zinc, which is a cofactor for more than 300 enzymes. Moreover, it provides the basis for functioning of more than 2000 transcription factors, and it is necessary for memory formation and learning processes in the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc supplementation on behavior in 3-month-old rats. For this purpose, the Morris water maze paradigm, hole-board, and T-maze were used. Wistar rats received a solution of ZnSO₄ in drinking water at the doses of 16 mg/kg (Zn16 group) and 32 mg/kg (Zn32 group). In rats pretreated with the lower dose of zinc, the improvement of the mean escape latency was observed in comparison to the control group and Zn32 group. During memory task, both ZnSO₄-supplemented groups showed an increase in crossings over the previous platform position. Furthermore, the exploratory activity in Zn16 group was improved in comparison to Zn32 and control group. In the brains of zinc-supplemented rats, we observed the higher content of zinc, both in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Hippocampal zinc level correlated positively with the mean annulus crossings of the Zn16 group during the probe trial. These findings show that the long-term administration of ZnS0₄ can improve learning, spatial memory, and exploratory activity in rats.

Graphical Abstract

Improvement of spatial learning, memory, and exploratory behavior

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Effect of Different Selenium Supplementation Levels on Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, and Immunotoxicity in Chicken Thymus

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of different selenium (Se) supplementation levels on oxidative stress, cytokines, and immunotoxicity in chicken thymus. A total of 180 laying hens (1 day old; Mianyang, China) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 45). The chickens were maintained either on a basic diet (control group) containing 0.2 mg/kg Se, a low-supplemented diet containing 5 mg/kg Se, a medium-supplemented diet containing 10 mg/kg Se, or a high-supplemented diet containing 15 mg/kg Se for 15, 30, and 45 days, respectively. Over the entire experimental period, serum and thymus samples were collected and used for the detection of the experimental index. The results indicated that the antioxidative enzyme activities and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of antioxidative enzymes, IFN-γ and IL-2 in the thymus, and the content of IFN-γ and IL-2 in the serum of excessive-Se-treated chickens at all time points (except for the 5 mg/kg Se supplement group at 15 days) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the corresponding control groups. Interestingly, a significantly increase (P < 0.05) in the content of IFN-γ was observed in the serum and thymus in the 5 mg/kg Se supplement group at 15 and 30 days compared to the corresponding control groups. In histopathological examination, the thymus tissue from excessive-Se-treated chickens revealed different degrees of cortex drop, incrassation of the medulla, and degeneration of the reticular cells. These results suggested that the excessive Se could result in a decrease in immunity, an increase in oxidative damage, and a series of clinical pathology changes, such as cortex drop, incrassation of the medulla, and degeneration of the reticular cells.

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Excessive Selenium Supplementation Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chicken Spleen

Abstract

Excessive selenium (Se) intake is harmful for animals and humans. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of long-term excessive Se supplementation on oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related injuries in chicken spleen. A total of 180 1-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups with different Se dietary contents (0.2 mg/kg Se, 5 mg/kg Se, 10 mg/kg Se, or 15 mg/kg Se) for 45 days. Then, the levels of antioxidative enzymes, GPx, SOD, and MDA as well as the expression levels of GRP78, ARF6, caspase 3, caspase 12, and Bcl 2 in the spleen were determined at days 15, 30, and 45, respectively. The results showed that excessive Se treatment decreased the activities of GPx and SOD (P < 0.05) but increased the levels of MDA (P < 0.05) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, the ER stress genes GRP78 and ATF6 were highly expressed (P < 0.05), and the apoptosis genes caspase 3 and caspase 12 were increased, but Bcl 2 was decreased by Se treatment (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there was a high correlation between these biomarkers, which indicated that ER stress and ER stress-related apoptosis were correlated with oxidative stress. These results showed the important role of oxidative stress and ER stress in Se-related immune injuries in chicken.

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What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in schizophrenia?

What are the top 10 physical activity research questions in schizophrenia?

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 5;:1-9

Authors: Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Probst M, Connaughton J, du Plessis C, Yamamoto T, Stubbs B

PMID: 26728764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

A qualitative investigation of factors that matter to individuals in the pain management process.

A qualitative investigation of factors that matter to individuals in the pain management process.

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 4;:1-9

Authors: Franklin ZC, Smith NC, Fowler NE

PMID: 26728636 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Support group programme for siblings of children with special needs: predictors of improved emotional and behavioural functioning.

Support group programme for siblings of children with special needs: predictors of improved emotional and behavioural functioning.

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 5;:1-10

Authors: Roberts RM, Ejova A, Giallo R, Strohm K, Lillie ME

PMID: 26728633 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on the lower extremities in patients with stroke: a pilot study.

Effects of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on the lower extremities in patients with stroke: a pilot study.

Disabil Rehabil. 2016 Jan 4;:1-7

Authors: Zhu Y, Zhou C, Liu Y, Liu J, Jin J, Zhang S, Bai Y, Huang D, Zhu B, Xu Y, Wu Y

PMID: 26728501 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Influence of Long-Term Zinc Administration on Spatial Learning and Exploratory Activity in Rats

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Improvement of spatial learning, memory, and exploratory behavior

Effect of Different Selenium Supplementation Levels on Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, and Immunotoxicity in Chicken Thymus

Abstract

Excessive Selenium Supplementation Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chicken Spleen

Abstract

Decreasing high postprandial stearic acid in impaired fasting glucose by dietary regulation

Decreasing high postprandial stearic acid in impaired fasting glucose by dietary regulation

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, January 6 2016. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.208

Authors: L Liu, X Chu, L Na, F Yuan, Y Li & C Sun

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Childhood stunting and the metabolic syndrome components in young adults from a Brazilian birth cohort study

Childhood stunting and the metabolic syndrome components in young adults from a Brazilian birth cohort study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, January 6 2016. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.220

Authors: L P Grillo, D P Gigante, B L Horta & F C F de Barros

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Antiretroviral therapy: Shifting sands

Publication date: Available online 5 January 2016
Source:Medical Journal Armed Forces India
Author(s): V.K. Sashindran, Rajeev Chauhan
HIV/AIDS has been an extremely difficult pandemic to control. However, with the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV has now been transformed into a chronic illness in patients who have continued treatment access and excellent long-term adherence. Existing indications for ART initiation in asymptomatic patients were based on CD4 levels; however, recent evidence has broken the shackles of CD4 levels. Early initiation of ART in HIV patients irrespective of CD4 counts can have profound positive impact on morbidity and mortality. Early initiation of ART has been found not only beneficial for patients but also to community as it reduces the risk of transmission. There have been few financial concerns about providing ART to all HIV-positive people but various studies have proven that early initiation of ART not only proves to be cost-effective but also contributes to economic and social growth of community. A novel multidisciplinary approach with early initiation and availability of ART at its heart can turn the tide in our favor in future. Effective preexposure prophylaxis and postexposure prophylaxis can also lower transmission risk of HIV in community. New understanding of HIV pathogenesis is opening new vistas to cure and prevention. Various promising candidate vaccines and drugs are undergoing aggressive clinical trials, raising optimism for an ever-elusive cure for HIV. This review describes various facets of tectonic shift in management of HIV.

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Nutritional Supplement Based on Zinc, Prebiotics, Probiotics and Vitamins to Prevent Radiation-related Gastrointestinal Disorders.

http:--highwire.stanford.edu-icons-exter

Nutritional Supplement Based on Zinc, Prebiotics, Probiotics and Vitamins to Prevent Radiation-related Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Anticancer Res. 2015 Oct;35(10):5687-92

Authors: Scartoni D, Desideri I, Giacomelli I, Di Cataldo V, Di Brina L, Mancuso A, Furfaro I, Bonomo P, Simontacchi G, Livi L

Abstract
AIM: The present phase II study aimed to evaluate the tolerance and safety of Dixentil, a nutritional supplement based on zinc with the addition of prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides), tyndalized probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. casei) and vitamins B1, B2 and B6, and nicotinamide), given as prophylaxis to patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy and its efficacy in the prevention and reduction of radiation-related gastrointestinal disorders.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty consecutive patients who were candidates for pelvic radiotherapy received Dixentil before starting and during radiotherapy. The primary end-point was to evaluate the safety and tolerance of Dixentil. Secondary end-points were incidence and severity of radiation-induced diarrhea and number of patients who discontinued radiotherapy because of diarrhea.
RESULTS: Radiation-induced enteritis occurred in 17 patients, grade I and grade II diarrhea was documented in 14 and 3 patients respectively; no grade III or IV diarrhea was observed. Radiotherapy was discontinued due to treatment-induced enteritis only in two patients for 6 days.
CONCLUSION: Use of Dixentil is an easy, safe, and feasible approach to protect patients against the risk of radiation-induced diarrhea.

PMID: 26408744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Effects of Pre-surgical Vitamin D Supplementation and Ketogenic Diet in a Patient with Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Effects of Pre-surgical Vitamin D Supplementation and Ketogenic Diet in a Patient with Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Anticancer Res. 2015 Oct;35(10):5525-32

Authors: Branca JJ, Pacini S, Ruggiero M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: A woman, mother of one at the age of 19 years, was diagnosed with mammary adenocarcinoma in the right breast in 1985 at the age of 37 years. The patient underwent surgery (quadrantectomy), lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy. In 1999, an adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in the left breast, followed by adequate resection, radiotherapy and anti-oestrogen receptor treatment for 6 years. In March 2014, an infiltrating adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in the remaining part of the right breast that had been operated on and irradiated in 1985.
CASE REPORT: The pre-surgical biopsy, showed weak positivity for progesterone receptor (PgR) (<1%), high positivity for oestrogen receptor (ER) (90%), high positivity for human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) (>10%, score 2+), and high positivity for the nuclear protein Ki67 (30%). In the three weeks between diagnosis and operation, when no other treatment had been planned, the patient decided to self-administer high doses of oral vitamin D3 (10,000 IU/day), and to follow a strict ketogenic diet.
RESULTS: Following right mastectomy, analysis of the surgical specimen showed no positivity for HER2 expression (negative, score 0), and significant increase in positivity of PgR (20%). Positivity for ER and Ki67 were unaltered.
CONCLUSION: This observation indicates that a combination of high-dose vitamin D3 and ketogenic diet leads to changes in some biological markers of breast cancer, i.e. negativization of HER2 expression and increased expression of PgR.

PMID: 26408720 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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An update regarding the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis.

An update regarding the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis.

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Feb;24(1):10-14

Authors: Daramola OO, Kern RC

Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review presents some information on known options for treatment of nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) with introduction to new therapies. The merits and limitations of recent advancements in pharmacotherapy of this common problem are briefly discussed as well.
RECENT FINDINGS: Intranasal corticosteroids are first-line therapy for NAR. Fluticasone propionate and beclomethasone remain the only topical corticosteroids approved for NAR. The use of azelastine - another first-line option - has also been found to be effective even though NAR is a nonallergic entity by definition. Combination of fluticasone propionate and azelastine is a promising option in achieving better symptom reduction. Coadministration of intranasal corticosteroid and topical decongestants is an attractive topic that requires additional safety studies before recommending treatment. Although promising, no scientifically valid recommendation can be made for treatment of NAR with capsaicin. Surgical options in patients with refractory NAR are limited. New studies demonstrate a lack of correlation between objective outcome of radiofrequency ablation of the inferior turbinate and subjective patient symptoms.
SUMMARY: The heterogeneity in clinical presentation makes NAR treatment a daily challenge for otolaryngologists. The diversity of clinical studies with use of unique outcome measures limit systematic reviews which may be instrumental in providing strong recommendations.

PMID: 26731682 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Proptosis and Anterior Dislocation as a Late Noninflammatory Complication of Failure of Tissue Integration in the Alphasphere Implant.

Proptosis and Anterior Dislocation as a Late Noninflammatory Complication of Failure of Tissue Integration in the Alphasphere Implant.

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Jan 4;

Authors: Neimkin MG, Reggie S, Holds JB

Abstract
A 57-year-old healthy female underwent enucleation for choroidal melanoma with primary implantation of a 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate sphere (AlphaSphere, Addition Technology, Des Plaines, IL). Her course was uneventful, with successful prosthetic fitting 6 weeks postoperatively. She returned 2 years later, with anterior displacement of the implant, poor implant movement, and poor prosthetic fit. There was no defect in the conjunctiva, Tenon's layer or evidence of inflammation. Successful orbital implant exchange was performed, replacing the AlphaSphere with an eyebank-scleral wrapped acrylic implant. Intraoperative findings revealed dissolution of the scaffolding aspect of the anterior implant, with loss of extraocular muscle attachments and no fibrovascular ingrowth. This case demonstrates late AlphaSphere failure in an otherwise unremarkable course; further review of similar cases or a larger study is warranted to examine the efficacy of this relatively new implant.

PMID: 26730860 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D expression in H1299 lung cancer cells following benzo[a]pyrene exposure as well as in head and neck cancer patients.

Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D expression in H1299 lung cancer cells following benzo[a]pyrene exposure as well as in head and neck cancer patients.

J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2016 Jan 5;:1-9

Authors: Lin CS, Chiou WY, Lee KW, Chen TF, Lin YJ, Huang JL

Abstract
DNA repair genes play critical roles in response to carcinogen-induced and anticancer therapy-induced DNA damage. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the most carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is classified as a group 1 carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer. The aims of this study were to (1) evaluate the effects of BaP on DNA repair activity and expression of DNA repair genes in vitro and (2) examine the role of xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D (XPD) mRNA expression in human head and neck cancers. Host cell reactivation assay showed that BaP inhibited nucleotide excision repair in H1299 lung cancer cells. DNA repair through the non-homologous end-joining pathway was not affected by BaP. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot demonstrated that XPD was downregulated by BaP treatment. BaP exposure did not apparently affect expression of another 11 DNA repair genes. BaP treatment increased the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX and ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity, supporting an impairment of DNA repair in BaP-treated cells. XPD expression was also examined by quantitative RT-PCR in 68 head and neck cancers, and a lower XPD mRNA level was found in smokers' cancer specimens. Importantly, reduced XPD expression was correlated with patient 5-year overall survival rate (35 vs. 56%) and was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 2.27). Data demonstrated that XPD downregulation was correlated with BaP exposure and human head and neck cancer survival.

PMID: 26731659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A role for airway taste receptor modulation in the treatment of upper respiratory infections.

A role for airway taste receptor modulation in the treatment of upper respiratory infections.

Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016 Jan 5;

Authors: Douglas JE, Saunders CJ, Reed DR, Cohen NA

Abstract
Taste receptors, initially identified in the oral epithelium, have since been shown to be widely distributed, being found in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, gastrointestinal epithelium, thyroid, and brain. The presence of taste receptors in the nasal epithelium has led to the discovery of their role in innate immunity, defending the paranasal sinuses against pathogens. This article addresses the current paradigm for understanding the role of extraoral taste receptors, specifically the T2R38 bitter taste receptor and the T1R2+3 sweet taste receptor, in respiratory innate defenses and presents evidence for the use of these and other taste receptors as therapeutic targets in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis. Future studies should focus on understanding the polymorphisms of taste receptors beyond T2R38 to fully elucidate their potential therapeutic use and lay the groundwork for their modulation in a clinical setting to decrease the health impact and economic burden of upper respiratory disease.

PMID: 26731661 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Stable J-aggregation enabled dual photoacoustic and fluorescence nanoparticles for intraoperative cancer imaging.

Stable J-aggregation enabled dual photoacoustic and fluorescence nanoparticles for intraoperative cancer imaging.

Nanoscale. 2016 Jan 5;

Authors: Shakiba M, Ng KK, Huynh E, Chan H, Charron DM, Chen J, Muhanna N, Foster FS, Wilson BC, Zheng G

Abstract
J-aggregates display nanoscale optical properties which enable their use in fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging applications. However, control over their optical properties in an in vivo setting is hampered by the conformational lability of the J-aggregate structure in complex biological environments. J-aggregating nanoparticles (JNP) formed by self-assembly of bacteriopheophorbide-lipid (Bchl-lipid) in lipid nanovesicles represents a novel strategy to stabilize J-aggregates for in vivo bioimaging applications. We find that 15 mol% Bchl-lipid embedded within a saturated phospholipid bilayer vesicle was optimal in terms of maximizing Bchl-lipid dye loading, while maintaining a spherical nanoparticle morphology and retaining spectral properties characteristic of J-aggregates. The addition of cholesterol maintains the stability of the J-aggregate absorption band for up to 6 hours in the presence of 90% FBS. In a proof-of-concept experiment, we successfully applied JNPs as a fluorescence contrast agent for real-time intraoperative detection of metastatic lymph nodes in a rabbit head-and-neck cancer model. Lymph node metastasis delineation was further verified by visualizing the JNP within the excised lymph node using photoacoustic imaging. Using JNPs, we demonstrate the possibility of using J-aggregates as fluorescence and photoacoustic contrast agents and may potentially spur the development of other nanomaterials that can stably induce J-aggregation for in vivo cancer bioimaging applications.

PMID: 26731304 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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TALENs Facilitate Single-step Seamless SDF Correction of F508del CFTR in Airway Epithelial Submucosal Gland Cell-derived CF-iPSCs.

TALENs Facilitate Single-step Seamless SDF Correction of F508del CFTR in Airway Epithelial Submucosal Gland Cell-derived CF-iPSCs.

Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2016;5:e273

Authors: Suzuki S, Sargent RG, Illek B, Fischer H, Esmaeili-Shandiz A, Yezzi MJ, Lee A, Yang Y, Kim S, Renz P, Qi Z, Yu J, Muench MO, Beyer AI, Guimarães AO, Ye L, Chang J, Fine EJ, Cradick TJ, Bao G, Rahdar M, Porteus MH, Shuto T, Kai H, Kan YW, Gruenert DC

Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a recessive inherited disease associated with multiorgan damage that compromises epithelial and inflammatory cell function. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have significantly advanced the potential of developing a personalized cell-based therapy for diseases like CF by generating patient-specific stem cells that can be differentiated into cells that repair tissues damaged by disease pathology. The F508del mutation in airway epithelial cell-derived CF-iPSCs was corrected with small/short DNA fragments (SDFs) and sequence-specific TALENs. An allele-specific PCR, cyclic enrichment strategy gave ~100-fold enrichment of the corrected CF-iPSCs after six enrichment cycles that facilitated isolation of corrected clones. The seamless SDF-based gene modification strategy used to correct the CF-iPSCs resulted in pluripotent cells that, when differentiated into endoderm/airway-like epithelial cells showed wild-type (wt) airway epithelial cell cAMP-dependent Cl ion transport or showed the appropriate cell-type characteristics when differentiated along mesoderm/hematopoietic inflammatory cell lineage pathways.

PMID: 26730810 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A Genome Wide Study of Copy Number Variation Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese Identifies CNVs at 11q14.3 and 6p21.3 as Candidate Loci.

A Genome Wide Study of Copy Number Variation Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese Identifies CNVs at 11q14.3 and 6p21.3 as Candidate Loci.

PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0145774

Authors: Low JS, Chin YM, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Govindasamy GK, Pua KC, Yap YY, Yap LF, Subramaniam SK, Ong CA, Tan TY, Khoo AS, Malaysian NPC Study Group, Ng CC

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a neoplasm of the epithelial lining of the nasopharynx. Despite various reports linking genomic variants to NPC predisposition, very few reports were done on copy number variations (CNV). CNV is an inherent structural variation that has been found to be involved in cancer predisposition.
METHODS: A discovery cohort of Malaysian Chinese descent (NPC patients, n = 140; Healthy controls, n = 256) were genotyped using Illumina® HumanOmniExpress BeadChip. PennCNV and cnvPartition calling algorithms were applied for CNV calling. Taqman CNV assays and digital PCR were used to validate CNV calls and replicate candidate copy number variant region (CNVR) associations in a follow-up Malaysian Chinese (NPC cases, n = 465; and Healthy controls, n = 677) and Malay cohort (NPC cases, n = 114; Healthy controls, n = 124).
RESULTS: Six putative CNVRs overlapping GRM5, MICA/HCP5/HCG26, LILRB3/LILRA6, DPY19L2, RNase3/RNase2 and GOLPH3 genes were jointly identified by PennCNV and cnvPartition. CNVs overlapping GRM5 and MICA/HCP5/HCG26 were subjected to further validation by Taqman CNV assays and digital PCR. Combined analysis in Malaysian Chinese cohort revealed a strong association at CNVR on chromosome 11q14.3 (Pcombined = 1.54x10-5; odds ratio (OR) = 7.27; 95% CI = 2.96-17.88) overlapping GRM5 and a suggestive association at CNVR on chromosome 6p21.3 (Pcombined = 1.29x10-3; OR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.75-10.11) overlapping MICA/HCP5/HCG26 genes.
CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated the association of CNVs towards NPC susceptibility, implicating a possible role of CNVs in NPC development.

PMID: 26730743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Regeneration of Vocal Fold Mucosa Using Tissue-Engineered Structures with Oral Mucosal Cells.

Regeneration of Vocal Fold Mucosa Using Tissue-Engineered Structures with Oral Mucosal Cells.

PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0146151

Authors: Fukahori M, Chitose SI, Sato K, Sueyoshi S, Kurita T, Umeno H, Monden Y, Yamakawa R

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Scarred vocal folds result in irregular vibrations during phonation due to stiffness of the vocal fold mucosa. To date, a completely satisfactory corrective procedure has yet to be achieved. We hypothesize that a potential treatment option for this disease is to replace scarred vocal folds with organotypic mucosa. The purpose of this study is to regenerate vocal fold mucosa using a tissue-engineered structure with autologous oral mucosal cells.
STUDY DESIGN: Animal experiment using eight beagles (including three controls).
METHODS: A 3 mm by 3 mm specimen of canine oral mucosa was surgically excised and divided into epithelial and subepithelial tissues. Epithelial cells and fibroblasts were isolated and cultured separately. The proliferated epithelial cells were co-cultured on oriented collagen gels containing the proliferated fibroblasts for an additional two weeks. The organotypic cultured tissues were transplanted to the mucosa-deficient vocal folds. Two months after transplantation, vocal fold vibrations and morphological characteristics were observed.
RESULTS: A tissue-engineered vocal fold mucosa, consisting of stratified epithelium and lamina propria, was successfully fabricated to closely resemble the normal layered vocal fold mucosa. Laryngeal stroboscopy revealed regular but slightly small mucosal waves at the transplanted site. Immunohistochemically, stratified epithelium expressed cytokeratin, and the distributed cells in the lamina propria expressed vimentin. Elastic Van Gieson staining revealed a decreased number of elastic fibers in the lamina propria of the transplanted site.
CONCLUSION: The fabricated mucosa with autologous oral mucosal cells successfully restored the vocal fold mucosa. This reconstruction technique could offer substantial clinical advantages for treating intractable diseases such as scarring of the vocal folds.

PMID: 26730600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Influence of Long-Term Zinc Administration on Spatial Learning and Exploratory Activity in Rats

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Improvement of spatial learning, memory, and exploratory behavior

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Effect of Different Selenium Supplementation Levels on Oxidative Stress, Cytokines, and Immunotoxicity in Chicken Thymus

Abstract

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Excessive Selenium Supplementation Induced Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chicken Spleen

Abstract

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Decreasing high postprandial stearic acid in impaired fasting glucose by dietary regulation

Decreasing high postprandial stearic acid in impaired fasting glucose by dietary regulation

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, January 6 2016. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.208

Authors: L Liu, X Chu, L Na, F Yuan, Y Li & C Sun

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Childhood stunting and the metabolic syndrome components in young adults from a Brazilian birth cohort study

Childhood stunting and the metabolic syndrome components in young adults from a Brazilian birth cohort study

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance online publication, January 6 2016. doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.220

Authors: L P Grillo, D P Gigante, B L Horta & F C F de Barros

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Antiretroviral therapy: Shifting sands

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Nutritional Supplement Based on Zinc, Prebiotics, Probiotics and Vitamins to Prevent Radiation-related Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Nutritional Supplement Based on Zinc, Prebiotics, Probiotics and Vitamins to Prevent Radiation-related Gastrointestinal Disorders.

Anticancer Res. 2015 Oct;35(10):5687-92

Authors: Scartoni D, Desideri I, Giacomelli I, Di Cataldo V, Di Brina L, Mancuso A, Furfaro I, Bonomo P, Simontacchi G, Livi L

PMID: 26408744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Effects of Pre-surgical Vitamin D Supplementation and Ketogenic Diet in a Patient with Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Effects of Pre-surgical Vitamin D Supplementation and Ketogenic Diet in a Patient with Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Anticancer Res. 2015 Oct;35(10):5525-32

Authors: Branca JJ, Pacini S, Ruggiero M

PMID: 26408720 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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An update regarding the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis.

An update regarding the treatment of nonallergic rhinitis.

Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Feb;24(1):10-14

Authors: Daramola OO, Kern RC

PMID: 26731682 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Proptosis and Anterior Dislocation as a Late Noninflammatory Complication of Failure of Tissue Integration in the Alphasphere Implant.

Proptosis and Anterior Dislocation as a Late Noninflammatory Complication of Failure of Tissue Integration in the Alphasphere Implant.

Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Jan 4;

Authors: Neimkin MG, Reggie S, Holds JB

PMID: 26730860 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D expression in H1299 lung cancer cells following benzo[a]pyrene exposure as well as in head and neck cancer patients.

Xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group D expression in H1299 lung cancer cells following benzo[a]pyrene exposure as well as in head and neck cancer patients.

J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2016 Jan 5;:1-9

Authors: Lin CS, Chiou WY, Lee KW, Chen TF, Lin YJ, Huang JL

PMID: 26731659 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A role for airway taste receptor modulation in the treatment of upper respiratory infections.

A role for airway taste receptor modulation in the treatment of upper respiratory infections.

Expert Rev Respir Med. 2016 Jan 5;

Authors: Douglas JE, Saunders CJ, Reed DR, Cohen NA

PMID: 26731661 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Stable J-aggregation enabled dual photoacoustic and fluorescence nanoparticles for intraoperative cancer imaging.

Stable J-aggregation enabled dual photoacoustic and fluorescence nanoparticles for intraoperative cancer imaging.

Nanoscale. 2016 Jan 5;

Authors: Shakiba M, Ng KK, Huynh E, Chan H, Charron DM, Chen J, Muhanna N, Foster FS, Wilson BC, Zheng G

PMID: 26731304 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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TALENs Facilitate Single-step Seamless SDF Correction of F508del CFTR in Airway Epithelial Submucosal Gland Cell-derived CF-iPSCs.

TALENs Facilitate Single-step Seamless SDF Correction of F508del CFTR in Airway Epithelial Submucosal Gland Cell-derived CF-iPSCs.

Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2016;5:e273

PMID: 26730810 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A Genome Wide Study of Copy Number Variation Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese Identifies CNVs at 11q14.3 and 6p21.3 as Candidate Loci.

A Genome Wide Study of Copy Number Variation Associated with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese Identifies CNVs at 11q14.3 and 6p21.3 as Candidate Loci.

PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0145774

Authors: Low JS, Chin YM, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Govindasamy GK, Pua KC, Yap YY, Yap LF, Subramaniam SK, Ong CA, Tan TY, Khoo AS, Malaysian NPC Study Group, Ng CC

PMID: 26730743 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Regeneration of Vocal Fold Mucosa Using Tissue-Engineered Structures with Oral Mucosal Cells.

Regeneration of Vocal Fold Mucosa Using Tissue-Engineered Structures with Oral Mucosal Cells.

PLoS One. 2016;11(1):e0146151

Authors: Fukahori M, Chitose SI, Sato K, Sueyoshi S, Kurita T, Umeno H, Monden Y, Yamakawa R

PMID: 26730600 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

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Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Τετάρτη 6 Ιανουαρίου 2016

Abstract

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Abstract

Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου