Enhanced allergic responsiveness after early childhood infection with respiratory viruses: are long-lived alternatively-activated macrophages the missing link?

Enhanced allergic responsiveness after early childhood infection with respiratory viruses: are long-lived alternatively-activated macrophages the missing link?

Pathog Dis. 2016 May 12;

Authors: Keegan AD, Shirey KA, Bagdure D, Blanco J, Viscardi RM, Vogel SN

Abstract
Early childhood infection with respiratory viruses, including human rhinovirus (HRV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and influenza, is associated with an increased risk of allergic asthma and severe exacerbation of ongoing disease. Despite the long recognition of this relationship, the mechanism linking viral infection and later susceptibility to allergic lung inflammation is still poorly understood. We discuss the literature and provide new evidence demonstrating that these viruses induce the alternative activation of macrophages. Alternatively-activated macrophages (AAM) induced by RSV or influenza infection persisted in the lungs of mice up to 90 days after initial viral infection. SEVERAL: studies suggest that AAM contribute to allergic inflammatory responses, ALTHOUGH THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION IS UNCLEAR IN THIS COMMENTARY: , we propose that virus-induced AAM provide a link between viral infection and enhanced responses to inhaled allergens.

PMID: 27178560 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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