Endolymphatic space size in patients with Meniere's disease and healthy controls.

Endolymphatic space size in patients with Meniere's disease and healthy controls.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Apr 15;:1-4

Authors: Ito T, Kitahara T, Inui H, Miyasaka T, Kichikawa K, Ota I, Nario K, Matsumura Y, Yamanaka T

Abstract
CONCLUSIONS: The incident ratios of cochlear and/or vestibular endolymphatic hydrops (EH) were significantly higher in the affected ears of patients with Meniere's disease (MD) than in the ears of healthy controls. There were no significant differences between controls and the contralateral ears of MDs.
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to compare the incidence ratios of EH between unilateral/bilateral MD and controls using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with intravenous gadolinium.
METHODS: A total of 41 patients were diagnosed with MD: 32 with unilateral MD (uMD) and nine with bilateral MD (bMD). Fifteen healthy volunteers were enrolled as controls. The patients underwent 3T MRI 4 h after intravenous injection of gadolinium.
RESULTS: Cochlear EH was present in 3.3% of 30 ears of 15 controls, 6.3% of 32 contralateral (contra) ears of 32 uMDs, 62.5% of 32 affected ears of 32 uMDs, and 55.6% of 18 affected ears of nine bMDs. Vestibular EH was observed in 6.7% of control ears, 3.1% of contra-uMD ears, 65.6% of affected uMD ears, and in 55.6% of affected bMD ears. Either cochlear or vestibular EH was present in 10.0% of control ears, 6.3% of contra-uMD ears, 81.3% of affected uMD ears, and 44.4% of affected bMD ears.

PMID: 27080254 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The ratio of CD4/CD8 T-cells in human papillomavirus-positive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma accounts for improved outcome.

The ratio of CD4/CD8 T-cells in human papillomavirus-positive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma accounts for improved outcome.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2016 Apr 15;:1-8

Authors: Zhang D, Tang WJ, Tang D, Zhou J, Chou L, Tao L, Lu LM

Abstract
CONCLUSION: Improved prognosis associated with HPV-positive status may depend on lower CD4/CD8 ratio. Th1 CD4(+ )T cells were found to be the major sub-set of T lymphocytes in the HPV positive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment.
BACKGROUND: To examine the prognostic significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in relation to the ratio of CD4/CD8 in LSCC.
METHODS: In this study, 46 LSCC biopsy samples were retrospectively assessed using immunohistochemistry for CD4(+ )and CD8(+ )tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). HPV status was determined by HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16(INK4A) immunohistochemistry. Of the 46 samples, 21 were evaluated for the expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The influence of HPV status on locoregional tumor control and T-cell sub-sets infiltrating tumor microenvironment were investigated.
RESULTS: Nineteen patients (41.3%) were classified as HPV positive, who had improved disease-free survival (28% in reduction, hazard ratio =0.10; 95% CI =0.011-0.938). A direct correlation between the HPV status and the ratio of CD4/CD8 or mean levels of CD8(+ )T cells was observed. Compared with the HPV-negative samples, HPV-positive samples had a higher ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 (24.43 ± 29.89 vs 3.90 ± 4.03; p = 0.0375).

PMID: 27080151 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Histological Comparison of the Human Trunk Skin Creases: The Role of the Elastic Fiber Component.

Histological Comparison of the Human Trunk Skin Creases: The Role of the Elastic Fiber Component.

Eplasty. 2016;16:e15

Authors: Mallouris A, Kakagia D, Yiacoumettis A, Vasilakaki T, Drougou A, Lambropoulou M, Simopoulos C, Tsaroucha AK

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Skin creases are features of major anatomical, morphological, surgical, and functional interest. This study focuses on the histological comparison of creases of the trunk and participation of the elastic fibers in their formation. The histological structure is a key consideration for the reconstructive planning of the relevant area and its knowledge may contribute in such direction.
METHODS: Fresh cadaver specimens were collected from the inframammary (n = 15), infragluteal (n = 16), and inguinal creases (n = 14), the anterior axillary fold (n = 14), and the surrounding skin (n = 10). Specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde. Collagen and muscle fibers were stained by Masson Trichrome and Van Gieson stains, reticular and collagen type III fibers by Reticulin stain, and elastic fibers by Verhoef and Orcein stains.
RESULTS: Skin creases of the trunk present well-defined dense bundles of collagen fibers, creating a beehive pattern with broad attachment to the dermis and denser in deeper sites related to the fascia of the underlying muscle. The elastic fibers participate in the collagen pattern and radiate in a parallel pattern in the reticular dermis and in a perpendicular fashion in the papillary dermis. The skin surrounding the creases lacks such organization.
CONCLUSIONS: Creases of the trunk are formed by well-organized collagen bundles in a beehive pattern, attached to the dermis and related to the underlying muscle fascia. The elastic fibers participate in this structure and radiate in a parallel fashion in the reticular dermis and perpendicularly in the papillary dermis.

PMID: 27081433 [PubMed]

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Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma.

Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Apr 15;

Authors: Duncavage E, Advani RH, Agosti S, Foulis P, Gibson C, Kang L, Khoury JD, Medeiros LJ, Ohgami RS, O'Malley DP, Patel KP, Rosenbaum JN, Wilson C, Members of the Cancer Biomarker Reporting Committee, College of American Pathologists

PMID: 27081879 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Biomarker Testing in Lung Carcinoma Cytology Specimens: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Biomarker Testing in Lung Carcinoma Cytology Specimens: A Perspective From Members of the Pulmonary Pathology Society.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Apr 15;

Authors: Roy-Chowdhuri S, Aisner DL, Allen TC, Beasley MB, Borczuk A, Cagle PT, Capelozzi V, Dacic S, da Cunha Santos G, Hariri LP, Kerr KM, Lantuejoul S, Mino-Kenudson M, Moreira A, Raparia K, Rekhtman N, Sholl L, Thunnissen E, Tsao MS, Vivero M, Yatabe Y

Abstract
The advent of targeted therapy in lung cancer has heralded a paradigm shift in the practice of cytopathology with the need for accurately subtyping lung carcinoma, as well as providing adequate material for molecular studies, to help guide clinical and therapeutic decisions. The variety and versatility of cytologic-specimen preparations offer significant advantages to molecular testing; however, they frequently remain underused. Therefore, evaluating the utility and adequacy of cytologic specimens is critical, not only from a lung cancer diagnosis standpoint but also for the myriad ancillary studies that are necessary to provide appropriate clinical management. A large fraction of lung cancers are diagnosed by aspiration or exfoliative cytology specimens, and thus, optimizing strategies to triage and best use the tissue for diagnosis and biomarker studies forms a critical component of lung cancer management. This review focuses on the opportunities and challenges of using cytologic specimens for molecular diagnosis of lung cancer and the role of cytopathology in the molecular era.

PMID: 27081878 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Assessing the New American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines for HER2 Testing by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: Experience of an Academic Consultation Practice.

Assessing the New American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guidelines for HER2 Testing by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: Experience of an Academic Consultation Practice.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Apr 15;

Authors: Press MF, Villalobos I, Santiago A, Guzman R, Cervantes M, Gasparyan A, Campeau A, Ma Y, Tsao-Wei DD, Groshen S

Abstract
Context .- Evaluation of HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was changed by recent American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO-CAP) guidelines. Objective . -To determine frequencies and assess patterns of HER2 protein expression for each ASCO-CAP guideline FISH category among 7526 breast cancers accrued to our consultation practice. Design .- We retrospectively reevaluated the HER2 FISH status of breast cancers in our consultation practice according to ASCO-CAP FISH guidelines, and documented HER2 protein levels in each category. Results . -According to new guidelines, 17.7% of our consultation breast cancers were "ISH-positive" with HER2:CEP17 FISH ratios ≥2.0 and average HER2 gene copies per cell ≥4.0 (group 1); 0.4% were "ISH-positive" with ratios ≥2.0 and average copies <4.0 (group 2); 0.6% were "ISH-positive" with ratios <2.0 and average copies ≥6.0 (group 3); 4.6% were "ISH-equivocal" with ratios <2.0 and average copies ≥4.0 and <6.0 (group 4); and 76.7% were "ISH-negative" with ratios <2.0 and average copies <4.0 (group 5). However, only groups 1 (HER2 amplified) and 5 (HER2 not amplified) agreed with our previously reported status, and only these groups demonstrated the expected immunohistochemistry status, overexpression and low expression, respectively. Groups 2 and 4 breast cancers lacked overexpression, whereas group 3 was not significantly associated with either increased or decreased HER2 expression. Conclusions .- Although the status of approximately 95% of our cases (groups 1 and 5) is not affected by the new guidelines, those of the other 5% (groups 2-4) conflict with previous HER2 gene amplification status and with HER2 status by immunohistochemistry.

PMID: 27081877 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified.

Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Apr 15;

Authors: Duncavage E, Advani RH, Agosti S, Foulis P, Gibson C, Kang L, Khoury JD, Medeiros LJ, Ohgami RS, O'Malley DP, Patel KP, Rosenbaum JN, Wilson C, Members of the Cancer Biomarker Reporting Committee, College of American Pathologists

PMID: 27081876 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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