Isolated sphenoid sinus opacification: A systematic review.

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Isolated sphenoid sinus opacification: A systematic review.

Am J Otolaryngol. 2017 Jan 19;:

Authors: Knisely A, Holmes T, Barham H, Sacks R, Harvey R

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Unilateral sphenoid sinus opacification (SSO) on imaging is a common incidental radiologic finding. Inflammatory sinus disease is rarely isolated to one sinus cavity therefore SSO raises the potential for neoplastic etiology. The clinical significance of SSO was evaluated and compared to maxillary sinus opacification (MSO).
METHODS: A systematic review of unilateral sinus opacification was performed via Medline (1966-January 12th, 2015) and Embase (1980-January 12th, 2015), limited to English literature and human subjects. Case series of patients treated with radiologic evidence of unilateral sinus opacification either from maxillary or sphenoid sinuses and with pathology results were included. Individual cases were classified as neoplastic, malignant, or a condition requiring surgical intervention (i.e. fungal ball). Exclusion criteria were single case reports, lack of primary data, series of complications, or single pathology series. Case-by-case analysis was performed for both SSO and MSO.
RESULTS: Search strategy revealed 3264 studies. A total of 31 studies including 1581 patients met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, SSO was described in n=1215 (76.9%) and MSO in n=366 (23.1%). For SSO, the final diagnosis was neoplasia 18%, (malignancy in 10.9%). 58.3% of cases required surgical intervention and 13% were inflammatory. For MSO, neoplasia represented 18.3% (malignancy 7.1%), surgical intervention required in 47% of cases and 27.6%. were inflammatory.
CONCLUSION: Isolated MSO and SSO is a marker of neoplasia in 18% and malignancy in 7-10% of patients presenting with these radiologic findings. Clinicians should be wary of conservative management given the high incidence of neoplasia and consider a lower threshold for early surgical intervention.

PMID: 28129912 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Correction: Renal cell carcinoma alters endothelial receptor expression responsible for leukocyte adhesion.

Correction: Renal cell carcinoma alters endothelial receptor expression responsible for leukocyte adhesion.

Oncotarget. 2017 Jan 03;8(1):1953-1954

Authors: Juengel E, Krueger G, Rutz J, Nelson K, Werner I, Relja B, Seliger B, Fisslthaler B, Fleming I, Tsaur I, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA

PMID: 28131102 [PubMed - in process]

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Incidence and survival of glandular vulvar malignancies in the Netherlands.

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Incidence and survival of glandular vulvar malignancies in the Netherlands.

Gynecol Oncol. 2017 Jan 24;:

Authors: van der Linden M, Schuurman M, Bulten J, van der Aa M, Massuger L, de Hullu J

Abstract
AIM: There is limited knowledge in the field of glandular vulvar malignancies. The aim of this study is to describe the incidence and survival of women with glandular vulvar malignancies.
METHODS: We searched PALGA, a nation-wide database registering all histo- and cytopathology in the Netherlands, for all cases of glandular vulvar malignancies between 2000 and 2015. Additional data were retrieved via the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Incidence rates were calculated per 1,000,000 women per year. Five-year net survival rates were calculated.
RESULTS: We identified 197 patients with a glandular vulvar malignancy. Of these patients 55% had a primary malignancy while 45% had secondary malignancies: expansion of another tumour in 17% and metastases or recurrences of another malignancy in 28%. There is a great variety of different diagnoses of primary vulvar malignancies: 11 different types were identified. We found an overall incidence rate of glandular vulvar malignancies of 0.9-2.5 per 1,000,000 women per year. Five-year net survival for patients with a primary malignancy was 68.5%. Most of the secondary vulvar malignancies originated from (ano-)rectal malignancies.
CONCLUSION: Glandular vulvar malignancies are extremely rare and primary tumours are slightly more common. Overall survival of patients with primary glandular vulvar malignancies is comparable to patients with a vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, with five-year survival around 70%. The great variety in diagnoses combined with the low incidence should lead to routine pathologic revision and treatment in specialised gynaecologic oncology centres.

PMID: 28129884 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Discovering novel oncogenic pathways and new therapies using zebrafish models of sarcoma.

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Discovering novel oncogenic pathways and new therapies using zebrafish models of sarcoma.

Methods Cell Biol. 2017;138:525-561

Authors: Hayes MN, Langenau DM

Abstract
Sarcoma is a type of cancer affecting connective, supportive, or soft tissue of mesenchymal origin. Despite rare incidence in adults (<1%), over 15% of pediatric cancers are sarcoma. Sadly, both adults and children with relapsed or metastatic disease have devastatingly high rates of mortality. Current treatment options for sarcoma include surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy; however, significant limitations exist with respect to the efficacy of these strategies. Strong impetus has been placed on the development of novel therapies and preclinical models for uncovering mechanisms involved in the development, progression, and therapy resistance of sarcoma. Over the past 15 years, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful genetic model of human cancer. High genetic conservation when combined with a unique susceptibility to develop sarcoma has made the zebrafish an effective tool for studying these diseases. Transgenic and gene-activation strategies have been employed to develop zebrafish models of rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, Ewing's sarcoma, chordoma, hemangiosarcoma, and liposarcoma. These models all display remarkable molecular and histopathological conservation with their human cancer counterparts and have offered excellent platforms for understanding disease progression in vivo. Short tumor latency and the amenability of zebrafish for ex vivo manipulation, live imaging studies, and tumor cell transplantation have allowed for efficient study of sarcoma initiation, growth, self-renewal, and maintenance. When coupled with facile chemical genetic approaches, zebrafish models of sarcoma have provided a strong translational tool to uncover novel drug pathways and new therapeutic strategies.

PMID: 28129857 [PubMed - in process]

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A Three-Dimensional Neural Spheroid Model for Capillary-Like Network Formation

Publication date: Available online 29 January 2017
Source:Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Author(s): Molly E. Boutin, Liana L. Kramer, Liane L. Livi, Tyler Brown, Christopher Moore, Diane Hoffman-Kim
BackgroundIn vitro three-dimensional neural spheroid models have an in vivo-like cell density, and have the potential to reduce animal usage and increase experimental throughput. The aim of this study was to establish a spheroid model to study the formation of capillary-like networks in a three-dimensional environment that incorporates both neuronal and glial cell types, and does not require exogenous vasculogenic growth factors.New MethodWe created self-assembled, scaffold-free cellular spheroids using primary-derived postnatal rodent cortex as a cell source. The interactions between relevant neural cell types, basement membrane proteins, and endothelial cells were characterized by immunohistochemistry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine if endothelial network structures had lumens.ResultsEndothelial cells within cortical spheroids assembled into capillary-like networks with lumens. Networks were surrounded by basement membrane proteins, including laminin, fibronectin and collagen IV, as well as key neurovascular cell types.Comparison with Existing Method(s)Existing in vitro models of the cortical neurovascular environment study monolayers of endothelial cells, either on transwell inserts or coating cellular spheroids. These models are not well suited to study vasculogenesis, a process hallmarked by endothelial cell cord formation and subsequent lumenization.ConclusionsThe neural spheroid is a new model to study the formation of endothelial cell capillary-like structures in vitro within a high cell density three-dimensional environment that contains both neuronal and glial populations. This model can be applied to investigate vascular assembly in healthy or disease states, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative disorders.

Graphical abstract

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The function and transcriptome analysis of a bZIP transcription factor CgAP1 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Publication date: Available online 29 January 2017
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Xiaoyu Li, Yateng Wu, Zhiqiang Liu, Chenghui Zhang
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is an important pathogen of anthracnose, which is able to infect numerous crops in tropical and subtropical regions, causing great economic losses. To investigate the fungal response to host-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), we cloned and characterized the CgAP1 gene of C. gloeosporioides. CgAP1 encoded a bZIP transcription factor which had a bZIP DNA-binding domain and two cysteine-rich domains structurally and functionally related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae YAP1. Deletion of CgAP1 in C. gloeosporioides resulted in increasing sensitivity to H2O2, changes in cell wall integrity and loss of pathogenicity. To understand the regulatory network of CgAP1, RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the CgAP1 mutant. It was shown that several genes involved in ROS detoxification and cell wall integrity were affected by CgAP1. Moreover, CgAP1 was also involved in many biological processes especially ribosome, cellular transport and amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, CgAP1 is an important transcription factor involved in oxidative stress, cell wall integrity and pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides.



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Acclimation strategy of Rhodopseudomonas palustris to high light irradiance

Publication date: Available online 28 January 2017
Source:Microbiological Research
Author(s): Dayana Muzziotti, Alessandra Adessi, Cecilia Faraloni, Giuseppe Torzillo, Roberto De Philippis
The ability of Rhodopseudomonas palustris cells to rapidly acclimate to high light irradiance is an essential issue when cells are grown under sunlight. The aim of this study was to investigate the photo-acclimation process in Rhodopseudomonas palustris 42OL under different culturing conditions: (i) anaerobic (AnG), (ii) aerobic (AG), and (iii) under H2- producing (HP) conditions both at low (LL) and high light (HL) irradiances. The results obtained clearly showed that the photosynthetic unit was significantly affected by the light irradiance at which Rp. palustris 42OL was grown. The synthesis of carotenoids was affected by both illumination and culturing conditions. At LL, lycopene was the main carotenoid synthetized under all conditions tested, while at HL under HP conditions, it resulted the predominant carotenoid. Oppositely, under AnG and AG at HL, rhodovibrin was the major carotenoid detected. The increase in light intensity produced a deeper variation in light- harvesting complexes (LHC) ratio. These findings are important for understanding the ecological distribution of PNSB in natural environments, mostly characterized by high light intensities, and for its growth outdoors.



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