SBA-15 templating synthesis of mesoporous bismuth oxide for selective removal of iodide.

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SBA-15 templating synthesis of mesoporous bismuth oxide for selective removal of iodide.

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2017 Apr 21;501:248-255

Authors: Zhang L, Jaroniec M

Abstract
Mesoporous δ-Bi2O3 samples with high surface area and small crystallite sizes were prepared by using different SBA-15 silicas as hard templates. The latter were synthesized hydrothermally using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), sodium metasilicate (SMS), and water glass (WG) as silica sources. The resulting SBA-15 silicas showed high surface area and pore volume. Among SBA-15 samples studied, the WG-generated SBA-15 exhibited the thinnest pore walls and lowest percentage of complementary pores. Interestingly, SBA-15 obtained from WG gave δ-Bi2O3 with the highest surface area and pore volume. This mesoporous δ-Bi2O3 was applied for the removal of iodide from aqueous solutions and was able to adsorb 2.87mmol/g of iodide at ambient conditions. In addition, mesoporous δ-Bi2O3 displayed high selectivity for iodide removal in the presence of chloride. Due to the high toxicity of the radioactive isotopes of iodine, this substance is required to be immobilized before its release to environment. This work presents a promising sorbent for selective capture of iodide from aqueous solutions.

PMID: 28458225 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab, lapatinib or their combination: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): C. Solinas, M. Ceppi, M. Lambertini, M. Scartozzi, L. Buisseret, S. Garaud, D. Fumagalli, E. de Azambuja, R. Salgado, C. Sotiriou, K. Willard-Gallo, M. Ignatiadis
BackgroundA relationship between high baseline tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and better outcomes has been described in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer. Nevertheless, the magnitude of this association and whether this effect could differ based on the type of anti-HER2 agent administered remain controversial. This meta-analysis investigated the association between baseline TIL and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab and lapatinib either alone or in combination.MethodsA literature search covering PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane library up to October 31, 2016 identified randomized, controlled trials investigating neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus trastuzumab and lapatinib either alone or in combination where published data for pCR based on pre-treatment TIL scores was available. Two subgroups were considered: high baseline TIL vs. non-high TIL, according to each study definition. Summary risk estimates (odds ratio) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for pCR using pre-treatment TIL levels for each trial. Pooled analyses were conducted using random and fixed effects models. Interaction P-values were computed using a Monte Carlo permutation test.ResultsA total of 5 studies (N=1,256 patients) were included. Overall, high TIL subgroup was associated with a significantly increased pCR rate (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.36-4.43; P=0.003). No interaction was observed between TIL subgroup (high vs. non-high TIL) and response to anti-HER2 agent(s) (trastuzumab vs. lapatinib vs. their combination; P=0.747) and chemotherapy (anthracycline and taxanes vs. taxanes only; P=0.201). A stronger association between high TIL subgroup and pCR rate was observed when examining only the 4 studies using neoadjuvant anthracycline- and taxane- based chemotherapy and the 60% cut-off for high TIL (N=869, NeoALTTO excluded) with an OR of 2.88 (95% CI 2.03-4.08; P<0.001).ConclusionsIn HER2-positive breast cancer, high baseline TIL are associated with increased pCR probability irrespective of anti-HER2 agent(s) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen used.



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Trends and Outcomes of Early Versus Late Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Placement in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Nationwide Population-based Study.

Background: Oral intake for traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is often not an option because of facial trauma, swallowing dysfunctions, altered consciousness, etc. These patients often require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement for nutrition support. To date, there is lack of studies examining the relationship between the timing of PEG placement and patient outcome in the TBI group. Methods: We conducted a population-based study in a retrospective cohort of TBI patients undergoing PEG, using the national inpatient sample for years 2011 to 2013. Results: A total of 96,625 patients were identified for TBI and 3343 of those patients received PEG. TBI patients who undergo an early or late PEG placement had a higher rate of in-hospital mortality, when compared with patients with a standard timing of PEG placement. Late PEG was preferably placed in patients with higher Charlson index and trauma-related comorbidities, and these patients had a higher incidence of complications, that is, sepsis, urinary tract infection, acute respiratory distress syndrome/pneumonia, and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. When stratified by mortality-risk groups, early PEG was associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality while standard PEG was associated with best mortality outcomes in low-mortality-risk group and moderate-mortality-risk group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that if a PEG placement is indicated for a TBI patient, a standard (7 to 14 d) timing may be associated with better patient outcomes. However, secondary to limitations associated with the use of administrative databases, further prospective studies are needed to establish clear guidelines regarding the optimal timing of placing PEG in TBI patients. Copyright (C) 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved

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Operative time, blood loss, hemoglobin drop, blood transfusion, and hospital stay in orthognathic surgery

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to evaluate the operative time, blood loss, hemoglobin drop, blood transfusion, and length of hospital stay in orthognathic surgery.

Methods

A 10-year retrospective analysis was performed on patients who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (with or without genioplasty), Le Fort I osteotomy (with or without genioplasty), or any combination of these procedures. A total of 271 patients were included.

Results

The age range was 17 to 49 years, with a mean age of 24.13 ± 4.51 years. Approximately 62% of patients underwent double-jaw surgery. The most common procedure was bilateral sagittal split with Le Fort I (37%). The average operative time was 3.96 ± 1.25 h. The mean estimated blood loss was 345.2 ± 149.74 mL. Approximately 9% of patients received intraoperative blood transfusion. The mean hemoglobin drop in the non-transfusion cases was 2.38 ± 0.89 g/dL. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 1.85 ± 0.83 days. Only one patient was admitted to the ICU for one night.

Conclusions

In orthognathic surgery, blood loss is relatively minor, blood transfusion is frequent, and ICU admission is unlikely. Operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, and the complexity of the surgical procedure can significantly increase the length of hospital stay. Males may bleed more than females in orthognathic surgery. Hemoglobin drop can be overestimated due to hemodilution in orthognathic surgery, which may influence the decision to use blood transfusion.

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Baseline and postoperative C-reactive protein levels predict mortality in operable lung cancer

Publication date: July 2017
Source:European Journal of Cancer, Volume 79
Author(s): Ugo Pastorino, Daniele Morelli, Giovanni Leuzzi, Mara Gisabella, Paola Suatoni, Francesca Taverna, Elena Bertocchi, Mattia Boeri, Gabriella Sozzi, Anna Cantarutti, Giovanni Corrao
BackgroundHigher blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with shorter survival in patients with cardiovascular, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer. We investigated the impact of baseline and postoperative CRP levels on survival of patients with operable lung cancer (LC).Patients and methodsCRP values at baseline (CRP0) and 3 days after surgery (CRP3) were measured in a consecutive series of 1750 LC patients who underwent complete resection between 2003 and 2015. Patients were classified as having 0 (N = 593), 1 (N = 658) or 2 (N = 553) risk factors: CRP0 and/or CRP3 values above the respective median value. The effect of higher CRP was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier mortality curves and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), by fitting Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsCumulative proportions of 5-year survival were 67% for 0 risk factors, 58% for 1 risk factor and 41% for 2 risk factors (P < 0.0001). The overall 5-year mortality risk was significantly higher in patients with 1 risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.43 [95% CI 1.14–1.79]), or 2 risk factors (aHR 2.49 [95% CI 1.99–3.11]). A significant impact on survival was observed in each tumour-node-metastasis stage group, and in the subset of non-smokers. Postoperative 30-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with 2 risk factors only (aHR 2.2% versus 0.6%, p < 0.0475).ConclusionsBaseline and postoperative CRP levels predict immediate and long-term mortality in all stages of operable lung cancer. Patients with higher CRP levels could be candidate to randomised adjuvant trials with anti-inflammatory agents.



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Technique: A mosaic of enhancer function in single cells

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Mutations: Dawn of the Human Knockout Project

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