Enhanced survival of ischemic skin flap by combined treatment with bone marrow-derived stem cells and low-level light irradiation

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the enhanced survival effect of ischemic skin flap by combined treatment with bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and low-level light irradiation (LLLI). The neovasculogenic effect of BMSCs induced by LLLI was detected using a wound healing and tube formation assay. ICR mice were divided into four groups: control group, LLLI group, BMSCs group, and combine-treated group. The percentage of skin flap necrosis area was calculated on the seventh post-operative day. Specimens were harvested for histologic analyses. LLLI promoted BMSC migration and tube formation. The flap survival rate of combined treated group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Histologic results demonstrated a significant increase in neovascularization in the combined treatment group. This study demonstrates that combination treatment of BMSCs and LLLI could enhance the survival of ischemic skin flap in a mouse model.

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Emission analysis on the effect of nanoparticles on neat biodiesel in unmodified diesel engine

Abstract

Biodiesels derived from the mahua seeds are established as a promising alternative for the diesel fuel owing to its non-edible nature and improved properties. TiO₂ nanoparticle in powder form is added to neat mahua oil biodiesel (BD100) to examine its effect on emission characteristics. TiO₂ nanoparticle is chosen as an additive owing to its catalytic effect, higher surface energy, and larger surface to volume ratio. TiO₂ nanoparticle with an average size of 60 nm was synthesized by sol-gel route. TiO₂ nanoparticles are added with mahua biodiesel (BD100) at 100 and 200 ppm. Mahua oil biodiesel doped with 100 and 200 ppm of TiO₂ nanoparticles are referred as BD100T100 and BD100T200. A constant speed diesel engine is employed for the experimental trail. Engine is fueled with diesel, BD100, BD100T100, and BD100T200, respectively. Experimental result confirmed that the modified fuels (BD100T200 and BD100T100) showed a significant reduction in all the emissions. Further, the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticle (200 ppm) to mahua biodiesel gave respective reduction of 9.3, 5.8, 6.6, and 2.7% in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and smoke emissions when compared to neat mahua biodiesel.

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Nocebo Effect in Meniere's Disease: a Meta-analysis of Placebo-controlled Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To estimate the frequency and strength of nocebo effects in trials for Meniere disease (MD). Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in PUBMED. The search terms we used were " Meniere or Meniere's," "treatment," and "placebo." Limitations included article type to be Clinical Trial or Randomized Controlled Trial, text availability to be Full text, Species to be Humans and Language to be English. Study Selection: We included placebo-controlled pharmaceutical RCTs that referred specifically to MD and recruited at least 10 adults in each arm. We excluded those studies with JADAD score

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Peri-operative factors predisposing to pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy: analysis of a large multi-institutional patient cohort

Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a problematic complication following total laryngectomy. Disagreement remains regarding predisposing factors. This study examines perioperative factors predicting PCF followi...

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Peri-operative factors predisposing to pharyngocutaneous fistula after total laryngectomy: analysis of a large multi-institutional patient cohort

Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is a problematic complication following total laryngectomy. Disagreement remains regarding predisposing factors. This study examines perioperative factors predicting PCF followi...

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Constructing a patient-specific computer model of the upper airway in sleep apnea patients

Objective

The use of computer simulation to develop a high-fidelity model has been proposed as a novel and cost-effective alternative to help guide therapeutic intervention in sleep apnea surgery. We describe a computer model based on patient-specific anatomy of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects wherein the percentage and sites of upper airway collapse are compared to findings on drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).

Study Design

Basic science computer model generation.

Methods

Three-dimensional finite element techniques were undertaken for model development in a pilot study of four OSA patients. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to capture patient anatomy and software employed to outline critical anatomical structures. A finite-element mesh was applied to the volume enclosed by each structure. Linear and hyperelastic soft-tissue properties for various subsites (tonsils, uvula, soft palate, and tongue base) were derived using an inverse finite-element technique from surgical specimens. Each model underwent computer simulation to determine the degree of displacement on various structures within the upper airway, and these findings were compared to DISE exams performed on the four study patients.

Results

Computer simulation predictions for percentage of airway collapse and site of maximal collapse show agreement with observed results seen on endoscopic visualization.

Conclusion

Modeling the upper airway in OSA patients is feasible and holds promise in aiding patient-specific surgical treatment.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 2017

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Efficacy and rebound rates in propranolol-treated subglottic hemangioma: A literature review

Objective

Propranolol has recently become the treatment of choice for management of subglottic and airway hemangiomas. This literature review aimed to determine the success rate of propranolol for managing these lesions as well as the rate of rebound growth following propranolol treatment cessation.

Study Design

Literature search involving MEDLINE and Scopus to identify English-language articles.

Methods

Studies were identified using hemangioma, subglottic or airway, and propranolol for search terms. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported the treatment used, individual deidentified patient data, and contained patients without medical or surgical treatment prior to propranolol therapy

Results

Initial review included 107 abstracts. Twenty-four articles including case reports and case series met inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. Forty-nine patients were included. Twenty-eight (57%) were treated with propranolol alone, and 20 (41%) were treated with a combination of propranolol and a corticosteroid. Thirty-seven (76%) of patients were treated with a dose of 2 mg/kg/d of propranolol. The initial treatment was successful in 43 (88%) of patients. Rebound growth occurred in four (9%) patients. Overall, six (12%) patients underwent surgical resection.

Conclusions

Propranolol is efficacious for treating subglottic hemangiomas. Rebound growth does occur in a small subset of patients during the propranolol wean. Close observation for children during weaning of propranolol therapy for subglottic hemangioma is essential. Adjunctive management strategies need to be used in patients with rebound growth. Laryngoscope, 2017

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