Diagnostic Accuracy of Pediatric Teledermatology Using Parent-Submitted Photographs

This randomized clinical trial assesses whether smartphone photographs of pediatric skin conditions taken by parents are of sufficient quality to permit accurate diagnosis.

http://ift.tt/2AOAaXz

Underuse of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma

This study examines the underuse of the sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma.

http://ift.tt/2yJ0jW2

Vegetating Darier Disease Treated With Botulinum Toxin

This case report describes a patient with vegetating Darier disease treated with botulinum toxin.

http://ift.tt/2ANBxpn

Treatment for Livedoid Vasculopathy

This systematic review uses the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify the available therapies for livedoid vasculopathy and their clinical outcomes.

http://ift.tt/2yJvfFK

Hyperpigmented Cutaneous Plaques With Ulceration on the Legs

A woman in her 80s had a well-demarcated, oval ulcer with a violaceous, dusky border and central yellow fibrin mixed with granulation tissue and numerous violaceous to dull red, indurated plaques on the legs. What is your diagnosis?

http://ift.tt/2AIjmAE

Event-related brain potentials and the study of reward processing: Methodological considerations

Publication date: Available online 14 November 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Olave E. Krigolson
There is growing interest in using electroencephalography and specifically the event-related brain potential (ERP) methodology to study human reward processing. Since the discovery of the feedback related negativity (Miltner et al., 1997) and the development of theories associating the feedback related negativity and more recently the reward positivity with reinforcement learning, midbrain dopamine function, and the anterior cingulate cortex (i.e., Holroyd and Coles, 2002) researchers have used the ERP methodology to probe the neural basis of reward learning in humans. However, examination of the feedback related negativity and the reward positivity cannot be done without an understanding of some key methodological issues that must be taken into account when using ERPs and examining these ERP components. For example, even the component name – the feedback related negativity – is a source of debate within the research community as some now strongly feel that the component should be named the reward positivity (Proudfit, 2015). Here, ten key methodological issues are discussed – confusion in component naming, the reward positivity, component identification, peak quantification and the use of difference waveforms, frequency (the N200) and component contamination (the P300), the impact of feedback timing, action, and task learnability, and how learning results in changes in the amplitude of the feedback-related negativity/reward positivity. The hope here is to not provide a definitive approach for examining the feedback related negativity/reward positivity, but instead to outline the key issues that must be taken into account when examining this component to assist researchers in their study of human reward processing with the ERP methodology.



http://ift.tt/2muqKgD

Integrative transcriptome and proteome analyses define marked differences between Neospora caninum isolates throughout the tachyzoite lytic cycle

Publication date: Available online 14 November 2017
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): P. Horcajo, D. Xia, N. Randle, E. Collantes-Fernández, J. Wastling, L.M. Ortega-Mora, J. Regidor-Cerrillo
Neospora caninum is one of the main causes of transmissible abortion in cattle. Intraspecific variations in virulence have been widely shown among N. caninum isolates. However, the molecular basis governing such variability have not been elucidated to date. In this study label free LC-MS/MS was used to investigate proteome differences between the high virulence isolate Nc-Spain7 and the low virulence isolate Nc-Spain1H throughout the tachyzoite lytic cycle. The results showed greater differences in the abundance of proteins at invasion and egress with 77 and 62 proteins, respectively. During parasite replication, only 19 proteins were differentially abundant between isolates. The microneme protein repertoire involved in parasite invasion and egress was more abundant in the Nc-Spain1H isolate, which displays a lower invasion rate. Rhoptry and dense granule proteins, proteins related to metabolism and stress responses also showed differential abundances between isolates. Comparative RNA-seq analyses during tachyzoite egress were also performed, revealing an expression profile of genes associated with the bradyzoite stage in the low virulence Nc-Spain1H isolate. The differences in proteome and RNA expression profiles between these two isolates reveal interesting insights into likely mechanisms involved in specific phenotypic traits and virulence in N. caninum.SignificanceThe molecular basis that governs biological variability in N. caninum and the pathogenesis of neosporosis has not been well-established yet. This is the first study in which high throughput technology of LC-MS/MS and RNAseq is used to investigate differences in the proteome and transcriptome between two well-characterized isolates. Both isolates displayed different proteomes throughout the lytic cycle and the transcriptomes also showed marked variations but were inconsistent with the proteome results. However, both datasets identified a pre-bradyzoite status of the low virulence isolate Nc-Spain1H. This study reveals interesting insights into likely mechanisms involved in virulence in N. caninum and shed light on a subset of proteins that are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of this parasite.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2zHsyIC