Epidermal melanocytes of segmental vitiligo show altered expression of E-cadherin, but not P-cadherin

Abstract

Vitiligo is the most common pigmentation disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 1%. The loss of melanocytes from the skin is the main clinical feature of patients with vitiligo, resulting in depigmentation macules. Vitiligo has been classified into two major forms: non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) and segmental vitiligo (SV). NSV lesions are generally bilateral or symmetrically scattered over the entire body. Onset may occur at any age, but most patients develop vitiligo before 40 years of age, and the depigmentation evolves over time.

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Reflectance Confocal Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Abstract

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare proliferative disease occurring in young children. The most affected organs are the bones and the skin (1). The diagnosis of LCH relies on histopathology. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to diagnose skin cancer (2). We report that in three children RCM examination of cutaneous lesions of LCH showed specific signs correlated to histopathology.

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Cicatricial Alopecia Research Foundation Meeting, May 2016: Progress Towards the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cure of Primary Cicatricial Alopecias

Abstract

Primary Cicatricial Alopecias (PCAs) are a group of skin diseases in which there is progressive and permanent destruction of hair follicles followed by replacement with fibrous tissue. Unfortunately, by the time patients seek clinical evaluation of their hair loss, the skin is already inflamed and/or scarred, so there is little hope for a return to their normal hair growth pattern. Clinical and basic science investigations are now focusing on three forms of human PCA, lichen planopilaris (LPP), frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), and central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA). Transcriptome, lipidome, and other new technologies are providing new insight into the pathogenesis of some of these diseases that are being validated and further investigated using spontaneous and genetically engineered mouse models.

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Reversine inhibits MMP-1 and 3 expressions by suppressing of ROS/MAPK/AP-1 activation in UV-stimulated human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts

Abstract

UVB has been shown to stimulate the generation of ROS, which subsequently results in activation of various intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors (AP-1, NF-κB), These transcription factors are regulated by MAPKs, which increase cytokine and MMP expression. We examined the preventive effects of reversine on MMP-1 and -3 expressions in NHEKs and NHDFs exposed to UVB irradiation. Also, we confirmed that reversine decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in NHEKs. The mechanism underlying the MMP-inhibitory effects of reversine occurred via the suppression of UVB-induced ROS generation and MAPK/AP-1 activation. Therefore, reversine is an effective therapeutic candidate for preventing skin photoaging.

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Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning on Systemic Toxicity and Ototoxicity Induced by Cisplatin in Rats: Role of TNF-α and Nitric Oxide

Background/Aims: Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent. The use of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) was proposed after the observation that ischemic preconditioning of a cardiac vascular area could protect another completely distinctly. Methods: This is an experimental study. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and they underwent a hearing evaluation via measurement of the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BSAEP). Then, cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (IP) at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day for 4 consecutive days to group 1, whereas saline solution was administered IP to group 2. In groups 3 and 4, ischemia of the right hind paw was performed for 10 min, followed by reperfusion for 30 min, after which cisplatin or saline was administered IP to group 3 or group 4, respectively. Afterwards, all animals were evaluated via the BSAEP. The right cochlea was dissected for immunohistochemistry. Results: RIPC lowered the increase in BSAEP of the animals treated with cisplatin (p = 0.0146). Weight loss decreased in the animals subjected to RIPC (p p Conclusion: RIPC protects against systemic toxicity and ototoxicity induced by cisplatin in rats.
ORL 2017;79:336-346

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Clinically Relevant Reactions to Thimerosal (the “Nonallergen”) Exist!

No abstract available

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Propylene Glycol

Propylene glycol (PG), an emollient and emulsifier found in cosmetics, medications, and food, has been granted the dubious honor of being named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2018. Allergic and irritant contact dermatitis and systemic cutaneous reactions to PG, which has become an increasingly common ingredient, have been documented. Propylene glycol is as contentious as it is ubiquitous because it acts as both a weak sensitizer and an irritant, confounding the results of positive patch tests. This report serves to increase awareness about PG sensitization and appropriate testing and evaluation of PG patch tests.

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