A comparison of symptoms and quality of life before and after nasal septoplasty and radiofrequency therapy of the inferior turbinate

The primary goal of this study is to compare pre- and postoperative symptoms and health related quality of life (HQOL) in 57 patients who underwent septoplasty (group-1), 56 patients who underwent septoplasty ...

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Small size of metastatic lymph nodes with extracapsular spread greatly impacts treatment outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

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Small size of metastatic lymph nodes with extracapsular spread greatly impacts treatment outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018 Jan 17;:

Authors: Michikawa C, Izumo T, Sumino J, Morita T, Ohyama Y, Michi Y, Uzawa N

Abstract
Extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastatic lymph nodes from oral carcinoma is the most significant prognostic predictor of a poor treatment outcome. However, only a few reports on prognostic factors in ECS-positive cases have been investigated. To address this problem, a detailed examination of ECS pathology was conducted to determine the prognostic factors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with ECS of metastatic lymph nodes. This study involved 63 OSCC patients with at least one pathologically metastatic node with ECS. Among the 229 metastatic lymph nodes, 149 exhibited ECS. Univariate analysis revealed that a poor outcome and recurrence were significantly associated with the number of ECS-positive nodes, density of ECS, and the minor axis of the smallest ECS-positive node. However, multivariate analysis identified only small size of ECS-positive nodes as a significant and independent factor predicting recurrence and a poor outcome. Thus, small size of ECS-positive nodes is the most important prognostic indicator for OSCC with ECS in metastatic lymph nodes. The classification of ECS status using the minor axis of ECS-positive nodes may be useful for further prediction of a poorer prognosis in OSCC cases. Standardization of ECS diagnosis and multicenter prospective studies will be required to confirm and refine these findings.

PMID: 29373201 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Clinical Neuropathology; +16 new citations

16 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

Clinical Neuropathology

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/27

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Placement of baclofen pump catheter through a C1-2 puncture: technical note.

Placement of baclofen pump catheter through a C1-2 puncture: technical note.

J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 Jan 26;:1-6

Authors: Aljuboori Z, Archer J, Huff W, Moreno A, Jea A

Abstract
Intrathecal baclofen has been suggested as an effective and safe treatment for intractable spasticity and dystonia. Techniques of lumbar and intraventricular catheter placement have been previously described. The purpose of this study was to describe a technique to implant catheters for intrathecal baclofen infusion through C1-2 puncture. Four of 5 consecutively treated patients underwent successful placement of catheters for intrathecal baclofen. There were no instances of infection, CSF leak, or catheter migration seen during a follow-up period of at least 6 months; furthermore, there were no occurrences of vertebral artery or spinal cord injury. All patients had an effective stabilization or reduction of their upper-extremity, lower-extremity, or trunk tone. There were no cases of worsening hypertonia. The authors' preliminary experience with C1-2 puncture for placement of the intrathecal baclofen catheter seems to indicate that this is a safe and efficacious technique. Lessons learned from the failed attempt at C1-2 puncture will be delineated.

PMID: 29372855 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Adenosine-induced cardiac standstill for endovascular treatment of pediatric vein of Galen malformations.

Adenosine-induced cardiac standstill for endovascular treatment of pediatric vein of Galen malformations.

J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 Jan 26;:1-4

Authors: Yoon NK, Scoville JP, Taussky P

Abstract
Vein of Galen malformations are congenital high-flow vascular malformations that often present with heart failure, hydrocephalus, developmental delay, and intracranial hemorrhage. Because open surgical treatment is associated with high morbidity and mortality, endovascular embolization is increasingly becoming the preferred method of intervention. However, embolization of these lesions can be difficult because of their high-flow nature. The use of adenosine-induced cardiac standstill for treatment of vein of Galen malformations has not been previously described in neonates. The authors describe 3 treatments in 2 patients that demonstrate that the use of adenosine is well tolerated and allows safe transarterial embolization of high-flow vein of Galen malformations in the pediatric population.

PMID: 29372854 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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A standardized protocol to reduce pediatric baclofen pump infections: a quality improvement initiative.

A standardized protocol to reduce pediatric baclofen pump infections: a quality improvement initiative.

J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018 Jan 26;:1-6

Authors: Desai VR, Raskin JS, Mohan A, Montojo J, Briceño V, Curry DJ, Lam S

Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intrathecal baclofen pumps are generally placed in children for the treatment of spasticity and dystonia. Use of implants in this pediatric population with comorbidities is reported to have a high risk of complications and infections. With the aim of reducing baclofen pump-related infections, a quality improvement project was instituted at the authors' institution. METHODS A workflow paradigm unique to baclofen pump implantation aimed at decreasing implant-related infections was implemented. All baclofen pump operations performed at the authors' institution between August 2012 and June 2016 were reviewed. An infection prevention protocol was created and implemented in August 2014 based on a literature review and the consensus opinion of the pediatric neurosurgeons in the group. Compliance with the prevention bundle was tracked. Case outcomes before and after implementation of the protocol with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association of the steps in the prevention bundle with infection and complication outcomes. RESULTS A total of 128 baclofen pump surgeries were performed (64 preprotocol and 64 postprotocol). The patient age range was 3 to 27 years. The overall compliance rate with the infection prevention bundle was 82%. The pre- and postimplementation infection rates were 12.5% and 6.3%, respectively (p = 0.225). The total pre- and postimplementation complication rates were 23.4% and 9.4%, respectively (p = 0.032). The absolute and relative risk reductions for infections were 6.3% (95% CI 3.8%-16.3%) and 50%, respectively; for complications, the absolute and relative risk reductions were 14.1% (95% CI 1.5%-26.7%) and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The total complication rate following intrathecal baclofen pump surgery was significantly lower after implementation of the quality improvement protocol. This study is an example of using checklist standardization to diminish special cause variability.

PMID: 29372853 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Tonsil Tissue in Healthy Adults and Colocalization in Biofilm of Tonsillar Crypts.

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Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Tonsil Tissue in Healthy Adults and Colocalization in Biofilm of Tonsillar Crypts.

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018 Jan 25;:

Authors: Rieth KKS, Gill SR, Lott-Limbach AA, Merkley MA, Botero N, Allen PD, Miller MC

Abstract
Importance: The pathogenesis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is currently an important topic of elucidation. The presence of latent HPV infection in tonsil tissue of healthy adults may provide an explanation for a component of this process and contribute to the understanding of HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma oncogenesis of the oropharynx.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of oropharyngeal HPV and to determine the spatial relationship between the virus and crypt biofilm in tonsil tissue.
Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out using samples obtained from tonsils that were archived at a university hospital following elective nononcologic tonsillectomy from 2012 to 2015. Samples consisted of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of tumor-free tonsil tissue from 102 adults between the ages of 20 and 39 years.
Exposures: Human papillomavirus status was assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and high-risk subtypes 16 and 18 were assessed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Samples that demonstrated presence of HPV were then analyzed by in situ hybridization to localize the viral capsid protein. These samples were then stained with concanavalin A to establish biofilm presence and morphology. These samples were also stained with diamidino-phenylindole (DAPI) to visualize location of the virus in relation to cell nuclei. These data were then assembled for aggregate analysis to colocalize HPV in the biofilm of the tonsillar crypts.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcome measurements were determined prior to data collection and include prevalence of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 in tonsil tissue of otherwise healthy adults, as well as demonstration with immunohistochemistry of HPV in tonsillar crypt biofilm.
Results: In 102 otherwise healthy adults (55 [53.9%] female; age range, 20-39 years), the overall prevalence of HPV in tonsils was 4.9% (n = 5); and high-risk type 16 or 18, 3.9% (n = 4). In this sample population, in situ hybridization colocalized HPV virus to the biofilm of the tonsillar crypts.
Conclusions and Relevance: Biofilm is present in the tonsillar crypts in a considerable proportion of tonsil tissues and may be reproducibly identified. Human papillomavirus is demonstrated to colocalize to the crypt biofilm. This has important implications with respect to the determination of HPV prevalence rates in the oropharynx. It may also play a role in the pathogenesis of HPV-related oropharyngeal carcinoma.

PMID: 29372248 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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