Motivational interviewing for enhancing engagement in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) treatment: A review of the literature

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Sara Soleymani, Eileen Britt, Mark Wallace-Bell
Client engagement is an essential component in Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) treatment. Engaged clients are more likely to engage with treatment and report a greater degree of treatment satisfaction. Likewise, enhanced engagement is associated with positive treatment outcomes such as session attendance and homework compliance. Only small effect sizes have been reported for reductions in IPV itself, and treatment engagement has been identified as an important factor in this, with studies reporting high rates of non-attendance and drop-out.This article reviews research on the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) as a pre-treatment intervention to promote treatment engagement for men who have been mandated or self-referred to attend Intimate Partner Violence treatment. Although limited in number (n = 5), these studies revealed a significant improvement in the level of engagement, session attendance and homework compliance following MI. Further research to focus on MI for treatment engagement, specifically, rather than MI for behaviour change is needed.



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A systematic review of the association between rape myth acceptance and male-on-female sexual violence

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Emma J. Yapp, Ethel Quayle
Rape myth acceptance is considered an established risk factor for male-on-female sexual violence, and is therefore the target of a number of primary prevention programmes. However, there is not a clear evidence base substantiating the role of rape myth acceptance in sexual violence, nor any reviews of recent literature. This review systematically searched relevant Psychology and Social Science databases in Autumn 2016, in order to collate cross-sectional and longitudinal research on the association between rape myth acceptance and self-reported sexual violence. The analysis established associations between these variables in all but one study (Warren, Swan, & Allen, 2015), and two longitudinal studies demonstrated that rape myth acceptance differentiates non-perpetrators from those who go on to exhibit sexual violence behaviours. These findings provide support for the targeting of rape myth acceptance in primary prevention strategies. However, a number of failings within this literature were also identified: instruments used to analyse rape myth acceptance were widely varied; the comprehensiveness of study reporting was universally flawed; measures were rarely taken to ensure participants were heterosexual men; and there remains a dearth of longitudinal evidence, as well as a lack of research outside of the United States. Future directions and other limitations are discussed.



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Influence of psychological contract on workplace bullying

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): M. Rajalakshmi, B. Naresh
A few decades back, organizations were very much targeted towards profit, productivity, performance and turnovers. But now some organizations are only concerned about their employee's well-being and satisfaction for better performance in their organization. In this esteem, researchers and organization are considering various factors which improve their employee satisfaction, employee well-being, employee productivity, employee morale, employee performance, employee behavior and attitude in the work environment. To increase this relationship between employee and employer, many scholars and management are focusing on various areas like, organizational justice, career satisfaction, employee Work Performance, employee and employer relationship in workplace, consequences of psychological contract, and effects of psychological contract on job outcomes and violation of psychological contract.Based on the many literature, there is a need for research on workplace bullying especially to know its impact is due to psychological contract violation in industries. Various researchers have undergone to know the behavior outcome of workplace bullying in other sectors like hospitality, service, IT Industry, etc. The purpose of this review research is to look at impact of psychological contract on workplace bullying among employees.



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Hate speech review in the context of online social networks

Publication date: Available online 4 May 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Naganna Chetty, Sreejith Alathur
Advances in Internet Technologies (ITs) and online social networks have made more benefits to humanity. At the same time, the dark side of this growth/benefit has led to increased hate speech and terrorism as most common and powerful threats globally. Hate speech is an offensive kind of communication mechanism that expresses an ideology of hate using stereotypes. Hate speech targets different protected characteristics such as gender, religion, race, and disability. Control of hate speech can be made using different national and international legal frameworks. Any intentional act directed against life or related entities causing a common danger is known as terrorism. There is a common practice of discussing or debating hate speech and terrorism separately. In the recent past, most of the research articles have discussed either hate speech or terrorism. Hate speech is a type of terrorism and follows an incident or trigger event of terrorism. Online social networks are the result of ITs and evolved rapidly through the popularity among youth. As both the activities are near to close and makes use of online social networks, the collective discussion is appropriate. Therefore we have a review on hate speech with different classes and terrorism with cyber use in the framework of online social networks. With the help of combined effort from the government, the Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and online social networks, the proper policies can be framed to counter both hate speech and terrorism efficiently and effectively.



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Consistency of gender differences in bullying in cross-cultural surveys

Publication date: Available online 2 May 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Peter K. Smith, Leticia López-Castro, Susanne Robinson, Anke Görzig
Many studies have reported on gender differences in bully and victim rates, but with the majority of reports from a small number of countries. Here we report on such gender differences from five large cross-national data bases. We report on overall male:female (M:F) ratios, and variations in these by age (or grade), by survey time point, and by offline/online bullying. We also compare consistency of M:F ratios across countries, over the five surveys. The preponderance of male perpetrators of bullying is found consistently across surveys, and survey time point. It is also consistent by age, but HBSC data suggest a curvilinear trend in early adolescence. Males also tend to more frequently be victims of bullying, consistent across age and survey time point, but with variations by survey. There is some indication of a decrease in M:F ratio recently in mid-adolescence, possibly related to online bullying. At least relatively, females are more involved as victims of online than offline bullying. Comparing recent findings on M:F ratio across countries for the five surveys, correlations vary from high to near zero. Implications for the explanation of gender differences in different countries, the comparability of data from different surveys, and for gender-specific interventions, are discussed.



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Cyberhate: A review and content analysis of intervention strategies

Publication date: Available online 5 May 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Catherine Blaya
This paper presents a review of intervention programmes against cyberhate. Over the last decade, the preoccupation over the use of electronic means of communication as a tool to convey hate, racist and xenophobic contents rose tremendously. NGOs, legal professionals, private companies, and civil society have developed interventions but little is known about their impact. For this review we followed the method and protocol from the guidelines from the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook for Systematic Reviews and the Campbell Collaboration Crime and Justice guidelines. The review identified three key intervention areas: law, technology and education through the empowerment of the individuals under the form of counter-speech. No specific intervention towards aggressors was found and most projects focus on prevention or victims through confidence building and skills learning to speak out, report and potentially react in an appropriate way. We did not find any rigorously assessed interventions, which highlights a gap in research and stresses the need for this type of studies. The evaluation of effectiveness of interventions needs to be included in the near future research agenda. Up to now, although intentions are good, we have no evidence that the steps that are undertaken are effective in preventing and reducing cyberhate.



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Sex differences in temperament: A partial explanation for the sex difference in the prevalence of serious antisocial behaviors

Publication date: May–June 2018
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior, Volume 40
Author(s): Robert Eme
Although temperamental traits, which refer to biologically based early-developing behavioral and emotional tendencies, have long been understood to be important constructs for understanding normal and abnormal development, their relevance to criminal justice has only recently been recognized. This paper extended belated recognition to an examination of how the sex difference in three temperamental dimensions contributed to the massive sex difference in the severest forms of antisocial behavior. The dimensions were attention/regulation, activity level, and emotionality. A plausible biological mechanism influencing each of these sex differences was also discussed.



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