Comparison of the oral microbiome of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis and periodontitis-free subjects

Publication date: Available online 28 January 2019

Source: Archives of Oral Biology

Author(s): Susanne Schulz, Martin Porsch, Ivo Grosse, Katrin Hoffmann, Hans-Günter Schaller, Stefan Reichert

Abstract

Objective

The primary objectives of the study were to assess differences in complex subgingival bacterial composition between periodontitis-free persons and patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (gAgP).

Background

The composition of the oral microbiota plays an important role for both oral and systemic diseases. However, the complex nature of the oral microbiome and its homeostasis is still poorly understood.

Material and methods

We compared the microbiome of 13 periodontitis-free persons to 13 patients with gAgP. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified, targeting the V3/V4 region using the MiSeq platform.

Results

In total, 1713 different bacterial species were mapped according to the Greengenes database. Using the Shannon index, no significant differences in alpha diversity were found between the two study groups. In principal component and linear discriminant analyses, disease-specific differences in beta diversity of the microbiome composition were evaluated. Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Synergistetes were more abundant in gAgP whereas Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were associated with a healthy periodontium. At the bacterial species level, we showed that Porphyromonas gingivalis is the strongest indicator of gAgP. Treponema denticola and Tanerella forsythia of the "red complex" as well as Filifactor alocis were among the ten best biomarkers for gAgP.

Conclusions

These results broaden our knowledge of disease-specific differences in the microbial community associated with generalized AgP. A more complex view of the composition of the oral microbiome describes the etiology of generalized AgP in more detail. These results could help to individually adapt periodontal therapy in these patients.

http://bit.ly/2sQ1VvT

Perspektiven der Genomeditierung in der Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Fortschritte in der DNA-Sequenzierung ermöglichen die genetischen Auslöser von Erkrankungen zu identifizieren. Zudem ist es heute möglich, mit „CRISPR-Cas9" („clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats und crispr-associated protein 9") genomische DNA-Sequenzen präzise und mit hoher Effizienz zu editieren. In kürzlich veröffentlichten präklinischen Studien wurde diese Technologie bereits für mögliche therapeutische Anwendungen evaluiert. Da auch in der HNO-Heilkunde viele Erkrankungen genetische Ursachen haben, birgt diese neue Technologie Chancen für neue Therapien.

Fragestellung

In diesem Übersichtsartikel erklären wir, wie die Genomeditierung als Therapieansatz genutzt werden könnte, und stellen dar, welche Erfolge in diesen Bereich bereits erreicht wurden und welche Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zur therapeutischen Nutzung bestehen.

Material und Methoden

Die Strategien zum Targeting von Genmutationen wurden anhand von Genomsequenzierungsdaten aus Online-Datenbanken und der Literatur entwickelt.

Ergebnisse

Kürzlich veröffentlichte Forschung an Tiermodellen hat gezeigt, dass die Genomeditierung erfolgreich für die Behandlung genetischer Erkrankungen benutzt werden kann. Dabei wurde z. B. in einer präklinischen Studie an Mäusen dominant-autosomaler Hörverlust erfolgreich mit CRISPR-Cas9 behandelt. Gleichermaßen könnten ähnliche Strategien auch für die Therapie von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren genutzt werden. Die größte Herausforderung scheint die Entwicklung eines Systems für die effiziente und sichere Applikation der therapeutischen Moleküle in den Zielgeweben der Patienten zu sein.

Schussfolgerungen

In der Theorie kann die Genomeditierung für mutationsspezifische genetische Therapien in der HNO genutzt werden. Jedoch müssen noch viele technologische Hürden auf dem Weg zur klinischen Anwendung überwunden werden.

http://bit.ly/2G2cL9Q

Presence of bacteroidales as a predicator of human enteric viruses in Haihe River of Tianjin City, China

Abstract

Traditional microbe indicators including total bacteria, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and F+ coliphage are all frequently used to characterize the microbial contamination state of water bodies for their correlation with pathogenic bacteria. However, these indicators have a poor relationship with viruses, which pose serious threat to economic and human health. Alternative indicators such as bacteroidales may be suitable complementary alternatives to traditional microbe indicators and are being increasingly reported. In the present study, water was analyzed for selected sites along Haihe River in Tianjin for traditional indicators, an alternative indicator (bacteroidales), pathogenic bacteria (Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus), viruses (enteric adenovirus, norovirus, enterovirus, poliovirus and rotavirus), and physicochemical parameters. Results indicated that traditional microbe indicators detected in this study showed good correlation with pathogenic bacteria, and the alternative indicator (bacteroidales) had a surprisingly good relationship with viral presence. We propose that bacteroidales might be a suitable complementary indicator for viral contamination in water bodies.

http://bit.ly/2WmUOZn

A serious thrombotic event in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia requiring intravenous immunoglobulin: a case report

Immune thrombocytopenia is an acquired autoimmune disease. Recently, there has been evidence of thrombotic risk in patients with immune thrombocytopenia, but the mechanism is still inconclusive. Intravenous im...

http://bit.ly/2RkMKoq

Outcome and molecular characteristics of non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma with oncocytic features

Abstract

Purpose

In 2016, non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (NI-EFVPTC) was renamed as noninvasive thyroid follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). However, as the study cohort did not mention tumors with oncocytic features, such lesions are still labeled by some as FVPTC. It is therefore crucial to evaluate the outcome and molecular profile of oncocytic NI-EFVPTC.

Methods

A multi-institutional clinico-pathologic review was conducted to select 61 patients having oncocytic NI-EFVPTC. A detailed molecular profile was carried out in 15 patients.

Results

Oncocytic NI-EFVPTCs predominantly affected women in their 50s. There was no distant metastasis, lymph node metastases, or structural recurrence in the entire cohort. Among patients with ≥5 years of FU, all 33 individuals did not recur with a median FU of 10.2 years. Oncocytic NI-EFVPTC commonly had RAS (33%) mutations, a high frequency of mitochondrial DNA mutations (67%) and multiple chromosomal gains/losses (53%). No fusion genes were detected.

Conclusions

Oncocytic NI-EFVPTC, when stringently selected for, lacks metastasis at presentation and follows an extremely indolent clinical course, even when treated conservatively with lobectomy alone without RAI therapy. These tumors share a similar mutational profile as NIFTP, FVPTC, and follicular neoplasm and are predominantly RAS-related. Like Hurthle cell neoplasms, they harbor a high frequency of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which contribute to the oncocytic cytomorphology. However, they lack the widespread chromosomal alterations observed in Hurthle cell carcinoma. Consideration should be given to include oncocytic NI-EFVPTCs as NIFTP in order to avoid overtreatment of these highly indolent tumors.

http://bit.ly/2B6RLLY

The global incidence and prevalence of anaphylaxis in children in the general population: a systematic review

Abstract

Background

Despite an increasing number of publications from individual countries and regions, there is still no systematic review of the global epidemiology of anaphylaxis in the general paediatric population.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review, using a protocol registered and published with the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO). Results were reported following PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was designed in Medline (ovid) and modified for Embase (ovid) and PubMed. Papers were screened by two independent reviewers following selection and exclusion criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were completed by the same two reviewers. Studies in adults only or those that did not report data in children separately were excluded.

Results

A final total of 59 articles were included. Of these, 5 reported cumulative incidence, 39 reported incidence rate and 17 reported prevalence data. The incidence of anaphylaxis in children worldwide varied widely, ranging from 1 to 761 per 100,000 person‐years for total anaphylaxis and 1 to 77 per 100,000 person‐years for food‐induced anaphylaxis. The definition of anaphylaxis from NIAID/FAAN was the most commonly used. Gender and ethnicity were demographic risk factors associated with anaphylaxis in children. Increasing total or food‐induced anaphylaxis incidence over time were reported by 19 studies.

Conclusion

The reported incidence of anaphylaxis in children varied widely. Studies in developing countries are underrepresented. To accurately compare anaphylaxis incidence between countries and investigate the time trends, further studies using a standardised definition across different countries are required.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

http://bit.ly/2SdEhYG

Outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in adult lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis

Abstract

Purpose

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in Caucasian population. Due to its pathological mechanism, chronic rhino sinusitis (CRS) associated or not with nasal polyposis usually occurs in adults and affects close to one-half of all CF patients. The goal of our work was to evaluate the impact of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (ESS) in the quality of life (QoL) of the CF patients and demonstrate an improvement of the functional outcomes in the patients underwent the surgical procedure rather than in the not treated ones, particulary in lung transplant patients.

Methods

We studied 54 adult patients affected by CF. Lund–Kennedy, Lund–Mackay scores, and SNOT-22 were analysed. 14 had lung transplant and 9 had both lung tranplant and ESS procedures.

Results

22 (40.7%) out of 54 CF patients underwent ESS. This group presented more likely complaints consistent with CRS. Lund–Kennedy and Lund–Mackay scores appeared higher in the ESS group: 10 (range of 6–12) and 15 (range of 12–20), respectively. SNOT-22 showed median values for non-ESS and ESS group of 20 (range of 3–68) and 40 (range of 10–73), respectively.

Conclusions

ESS represents the best option to improve clinical QoL of CF patients who do not response to conventional medical therapy, with a stabilization of respiratory function after transplantation.

http://bit.ly/2S6CpAZ