Clinical Biomarkers in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Message: The number of biomarkers in use in otolaryngology is rapidly expanding representing a new diagnostic modality for our field. This review defines the key biomarkers that are currently or likely to be soon translated into clinical use within the field of otolaryngology. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of proteins such as beta-2 transferrin, thyroglobulin, and P16. Given their growing impact on diagnosis, management and surveillance of otolaryngologic disorders periodic surveys are needed for education and to guide further advances and applications of otolaryngologic biomarkers. What is a beta 2 transferrin test? Beta-2-transferrin is a form of the protein transferrin that is present in cerebrolspinal fluid (CSF), but not usually found in blood, nasal secretions or other body fluids. It is used to distinguish CSF from other watery discharge from the nose or ear after a traumatic injury to the brain and or spine. What does a high thyroglobulin mean? Your thyroglobulin levels are high and/or have increased over time. This may mean thyroid cancer cells are growing, and/or cancer is starting to spread. Little or no thyroglobulin was found. This may mean that your cancer treatment has worked to remove all thyroid cells from your body. What is p16 positive mean? Abstract. Expression of p16INK4A (p16 positive) is highly correlated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), however, p16-positivity is not limited to HPV positive tumors and therefore, not a perfect surrogate for HPV. Clinical Biomarkers in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2021 Oct 25:1455613211050698. doi: 10.1177/01455613211050698. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and compile promising and clinically relevant biomarkers in otolaryngology-head & neck surgery not related to autoimmune disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Narrative review. METHODS: PubMed and Google Scholar were queried using combined key words such as "biomarkers" and "otolaryngology." Addit ional queries were made with combined key words such as "biomarkers" and a particular subspecialty such as "rhinology" or "otology" to maximize yield of relevant titles. Subsequently, specific biomarkers identified, such as "beta-2 transferrin," were used as key words. Relevant titles were reviewed and selected for abstract review. Applicable abstracts were then selected for review of the full text. RESULTS: Biomarkers currently in clinical use within the field of otolaryngology were included in this review. The compiled biomarkers were then detailed individually regarding their molecular characteristics, function, and clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The number of biomarkers in use in otolaryngology is rapidly expanding representing a new diagnostic modality for our field. This review defines the key biomarkers that are currently or likely to be soon translated into clinical use within the field of otolaryngology. The majority of these biomarkers are in the form of p roteins such as beta-2 transferrin, thyroglobulin, and P16. Given their growing impact on diagnosis, management and surveillance of otolaryngologic disorders periodic surveys are needed for education and to guide further advances and applications of otolaryngologic biomarkers. PMID:34694171 | DOI:10.1177/01455613211050698 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Predictive Impact of Metastatic Lymph Node Burden on Distant Metastasis Across Papillary Thyroid Cancer Variants

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Predictive Impact of Metastatic Lymph Node Burden on Distant Metastasis Across Papillary Thyroid Cancer Variants Via liebertpub1 Thyroid, Volume 31, Issue 10, Page 1549-1557, October 2021. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Multi-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Radioiodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Multi-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Radioiodine Refractory Thyroid Cancer Via liebertpub1 Thyroid, Volume 31, Issue 10, Page 1531-1541, October 2021. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Human papilloma virus in the etiopathogenesis of allergic nasal polyposis: A prospective study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Human papilloma virus in the etiopathogenesis of allergic nasal polyposis: A prospective study Via American Journal of Otolaryngology Publication date: January–February 2022 Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology, Volume 43, Issue 1 Author(s): Avinash Shekhar Jaiswal, Pranay Tanwar, David Victor Kumar Irugu, Kapil Sikka, Rabia Monga, Alok Thakar, Hitesh Verma View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hypoxically cultured cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma increased their glucose metabolic activity under normoxic conditions

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hypoxically cultured cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma increased their glucose metabolic activity under normoxic conditions Via Head and neck cancers by Yuta Shinohara, Jumpei Washio, Yuri Kobayashi, Yuki Abiko, Keiichi Sasaki, Nobuhiro Takahashi Objective The oxygen concentration within cancer tissue is known to be low, but is expected to increase rapidly when oxygen is supplied by angiogenesis and hematogenous metastasis, suggesting that rapid increases in oxygen levels might influence cancer cell physiology. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oxygen concentration fluctuations on the glucose metabolism of cancer cells. Methods The glucose metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2 and HSC-3) and normal epithelial (HaCaT) cells cultured under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions was measured using a pH-stat system under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The acidic end-products and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by glucose metabolism were also measured. Results Under normoxic conditions, the metabolic activity of hypoxically cultured cancer cells was significantly increased, and the production of acids other than lactate was upregulated, while the normal cells did not r espond to rapid increases in oxygen levels. ROS production was higher in normoxic conditions in all cells, especially the hypoxically cultured HSC-3 cells. Conclusions Rapid increases in oxygen levels might enhance the glucose metabolism of hypoxically cultured cancer cells by mainly activating the TCA cycle and electron transport system, which might activate cancer cells through the ATP and ROS generation. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Association Between Asthma and Meniere's Disease: A Nested Case–Control Study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Association Between Asthma and Meniere's Disease: A Nested Case–Control Study Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis This study aimed to investigate the association between Meniere's disease and prior history of asthma. Study Design A nested case-control study. Methods Among the patients aged ≥40 years from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort 2002–2015, 7,734 diagnosed with Meniere's disease between 2004 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. From the 505,834 participants without a prior history of Meniere's disease, 30,936 control participants were selected based on age, sex, income, and region of residence. The presence of a prior history of asthma before the diagnosis of Meniere's disease was compared between the Meniere's disease group and control group using conditional logistic regression with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Prior history of asthma was associated with 1.30 (1.21–1.39) times higher odds of Meniere's disease (E-value = 1.92 [1.71]). Both allergic asthma and nonallergic asthma patients demonstrated higher odds of Meniere's disease than the control group (adjusted OR = 1.21 [1.08–1.36] and E-value = 1.72 [1.37] for allergic asthma; adjusted OR = 1.26 [1.17–1.36] and E-value = 1.83 [1.60] for nonallergic asthma). Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate a positive relationship between Meniere's disease and prior asthma history in adults. The association between prior asthma history and Meniere's disease was noted in both allergic and nonallergic asthma cases. The potential development of Meniere's disease should be considered when managing the asthma patients with dizziness or vertigo. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep‐Disordered Breathing: Should They Stay, or Could They Go?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep‐Disordered Breathing: Should They Stay, or Could They Go? Via The Laryngoscope Objectives/Hypothesis Children who do not require oxygen beyond 3 hours after surgery and pass a sleep room air challenge (SRAC) are safe for discharge regardless of polysomnogram (PSG) results or comorbidities. Study Design Cross-sectional prospective study. Methods All children observed overnight undergoing an adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing were prospectively recruited. Demographic, clinical, and PSG characteristics were stratified by whether the patient had required oxygen beyond 3 hours postoperatively (prolonged oxygen requirement [POR]) and compared using t test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test depending on distribution. Optimal cut points for predicting POR postsurgery were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The primary analysis was performed on the full cohort via logistic regression using POR as the outcome. Significant characteristics were analyzed in a logistic regression model, with significance set at P < .05. Results A total of 484 participants met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 5.65 (standard deviation = 4.02) years. Overall, 365 (75%) did not have a POR or any other adverse respiratory event. In multivariable logistic regression, risk factors for POR were an asthma diagnosis (P < .001) and an awake SpO2 <96% (P = .005). The probability of a POR for those without asthma and a SpO2 ≥ 96% was 18% (95% confidence interval: 14–22). Age, obesity, and obstructive apnea/hypopnea index were not associated with POR. Conclusions In conclusion, all children in our study who are off oxygen within 3 hours of surgery and passed a SRAC were safe for discharge from a respiratory standpoint regardless of age, obesity status, asthma diagnosis, and obstructive apnea/hypopnea index. Additional investigations are necessary to confirm our findings. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.