High‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation inhibits bone resorption in mice with ligature‐induced periodontitis

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader High‐frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation inhibits bone resorption in mice with ligature‐induced periodontitis via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to elucidate the suppressive effect of high-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation on bone resorption and its biological effects for gene expression and microbiome composition on the gingival tissue in ligature-induced periodontitis in mice. Materials and Methods Ligating ligature around the teeth and/or laser irradiation was performed on the gingival tissue in mice as follows: Co (no ligature and no laser irradiation), Li (ligation without laser irradiation), La (no ligature but with laser irradiation), and LiLa (ligation with laser irradiation). Bone resorption was evaluated using micro-computed tomography. RNA-seq analysis was performed on gingival tissues of all four groups at 3 days post ligation. The differences in microbial composition between Li and LiLa were evaluated based on the number of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results Bone resorption caused by ligation was significantly suppressed by laser irradiation. RNA-seq in Co and La gingival tissue revealed many differentially expressed genes, suggesting diode laser irradiation altered gene expression. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed mTORC1 signaling and E2F target gene sets were enriched in gingival tissues both in La and LiLa compared to that in Co and Li, respectively. The amount of extracted DNA from ligatures was reduced by laser irradiation, and bacterial network structure was altered between the Li and LiLa. Conclusions High-frequency pulsed diode laser irradiation showed biological effects and suppressed bone resorption in ligature-induced periodontitis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Toll‐like receptor‐1, ‐2, and ‐6 genotypes in relation to salivary human beta‐defensin‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and human neutrophilic peptide‐1

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Toll‐like receptor‐1, ‐2, and ‐6 genotypes in relation to salivary human beta‐defensin‐1, ‐2, ‐3 and human neutrophilic peptide‐1 via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim To examine whether functional gene polymorphisms of toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR2, and TLR6 are related to the salivary concentrations of human beta-defensins (hBDs)-1, -2, -3, and human neutrophilic peptide (HNP)-1. Materials and methods Polymorphisms of TLR1 (rs5743618), TLR2 (rs5743708), and TLR6 (rs5743810) were genotyped by PCR-based pyrosequencing from the salivary samples of 230 adults. Salivary hBD-1, -2, -3, and HNP-1 concentrations were measured using ELISA. General and periodontal health examination, including panoramic radiography, were available for all participants. Results The genotype frequencies for wild types and variant types were as follows: 66.5% and 33.5% for TLR1, 95.5% and 4.5% for TLR2, and 25.1% and 74.9% for TLR6, respectively. The TLR2 heterozygote variant group exhibited higher salivary hBD-2 concentrations than the TLR2 wild type group (p=0.038). On the contrary, elevated hBD-2 concentrations were detected in the TLR6 wild type group compared to the TLR6 heterozygote & homozygote variant group (p=0.028). The associations between TLR6 genotypes and salivary hBD-2 concentrations remained significant after adjusting them for periodontal status, age, and smoking. Conclusion hBD-2 concentrations in saliva are related to TLR2 and TLR6 polymorphisms, but only the TLR6 genotype seems to exhibit an independent association with the salivary hBD-2 concentrations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Critical roles for CCR2 and the therapeutic potential of cenicriviroc in periodontitis: a pre‐clinical study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Critical roles for CCR2 and the therapeutic potential of cenicriviroc in periodontitis: a pre‐clinical study via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim CCR2 plays important roles in many inflammatory and bone metabolic diseases, but its specific role in periodontitis is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of CCR2 in the progression of periodontitis and evaluate the effect of cenicriviroc (CVC) on periodontitis. Methods The expression of CCR2 was studied in patients with periodontitis and in ligation-induced murine model of periodontitis. The role of CCR2 in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in periodontitis was evaluated in Ccr2 −/− mice and wild-type mice. The effect of CVC in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was evaluated by systemic and local medication. Micro-CT, Hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, real-time qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometric were used for histomorphology, molecular biology and cytology analysis respectively. Results In this study, we demonstrated that CCR2 was highly expressed in human and murine periodontitis and that CCR2 deficiency was associated with decreased inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, osteoclast number, monocyte and macrophage infiltration. Prevention and treatment with CVC significantly reduced the severity of periodontitis, regardless of whether it was administered systemically or locally. Conclusion CCR2 plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis and CVC is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. View on Web

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A randomized multi‐center study on the effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in general practice

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader A randomized multi‐center study on the effectiveness of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in general practice via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Aim To evaluate the effectiveness of two non-surgical treatment protocols for periodontitis patients in general dental practice. Material and methods Ninety-five dental hygienists (59 dental clinics) were randomly assigned to one of two treatment protocols: (i) establishment of adequate self-performed oral hygiene prior to a single session of ultrasonic instrumentation (guided periodontal infection control, GPIC) or (ii) conventional non-surgical therapy (CNST) including patient education and scaling and root planing integrated in multiple sessions. Residual pockets at 3 months were retreated in both groups. The primary outcome was pocket closure (probing pocket depth ≤4 mm) at 6 months. Multilevel models were utilized. Results Based on data from 615 patients, no significant differences with regard to clinical outcomes were observed between treatment protocols. Treatment-related costs (i.e. chair time, number of sessions) were significantly lower for GPIC than CNST. Smoking and age significantly affected treatment outcomes. Conclusion No significant differences between the two approaches were observed in regard to clinical outcomes. GPIC was more time-effective. Patient education should include information on the detrimental effects of smoking. View on Web

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Autogenous Bone Block versus Collagenated Xenogeneic Bone Block in the reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridge: a non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Autogenous Bone Block versus Collagenated Xenogeneic Bone Block in the reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridge: a non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial via Journal of Clinical Periodontology Abstract Objective To compare the efficacy of equine derived collagenated bone blocks (CXBB) and autogenous bone block (ABB) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement. Materials and methods Sixty-four patients with tooth gaps up to 4 teeth and atrophic alveolar ridges with ≤ 4 mm were randomly assigned to lateral augmentation using CXBB or ABB. Lateral bone thickness was measured 2 mm below the alveolar crest at augmentation surgery and 30 weeks later at implant placement. Implant related outcomes, adverse events, surgery duration, pain sensation, analgesic consumption and oral health-related quality of life were also assessed. Data was analyzed using Fisher's exact, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results At 30 weeks, the median change in lateral bone thickness amounted to 2.90 (CXBB) and 3.00 (ABB), respectively. Secondary endpoints demonstrated similar results for CXBB and ABB in terms of possibility to place an implant, need to perform a secondary bone augmentation at implant placement and rate of complications. Early implant failure was 20% for CXBB and 10% for ABB, with no difference between the groups. Pain scores and postoperative consumption of analgesics were significantly lower in the CXBB group than in the ABB group, especially during the first days post-surgery. Conclusion CXBB is non-inferior to ABB for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Offset analgesia is increased intra‐orally

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Offset analgesia is increased intra‐orally via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Offset analgesia (OA) is commonly used to quantify endogenous pain inhibition. However, the potential role of afferent inputs and the subsequent peripheral factors from different body areas on the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare the magnitude of OA in four different body areas representing a) glabrous and non-glabrous skin, b) trigeminal and extra-trigeminal areas, and c) intra- and extra-oral tissue. Methods OA was assessed at the oral mucosa of the lower lip, at the skin of the cheek, the forearm and the palm of the hand in 32 healthy and pain-free participants. OA testing included two trials: (1) a constant trial (30 seconds of constant heat stimulation at an individualized temperature of Pain50 (pain intensity of 50 out of 100)), and (2) an offset trial (10 seconds of individualized Pain50, followed by 5 seconds at Pain50+1°C and 15 seconds at Pain50). Participants continuously rated their pain during each trial with a computerized visual analog scale. Results A significant OA response was recorded at the oral mucosa (p<0.001, d=1.24), the cheek (p<0.001, d=0.84) and the forearm (p<0.001, d=1.04), but not at the palm (p=0.19, d=0.24). Significant differences were shown for OA recorded at the cheek versus the mucosa (p=0.02), and between palm and mucosa (p=0.007), but not between the remaining areas (p>0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that intra-oral endogenous pain inhibition assessed with OA is enhanced and supports the role of peripheral mechanisms contributing to the OA response. View on Web

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Histone demethylase JMJD3 downregulation protects against aberrant force-induced osteoarthritis through epigenetic control of NR4A1

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Histone demethylase JMJD3 downregulation protects against aberrant force-induced osteoarthritis through epigenetic control of NR4A1 via International Journal of Oral Science - Issue View on Web

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