Independent data agree on ctenophore misplacement Biological Sciences

In their letter, Halanych et al. (1) criticize our recent assertion (2) that the phylogenetic placement of ctenophores as the sister group to all other animals (the Ctenophora-sister hypothesis) in three previous studies (3–5) was an artifact caused by undetected systematic error. Halanych et al. (1) claim we used no…

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Sensitive cytometry based system for enumeration, capture and analysis of gene mutations of circulating tumor cells

Methods for the enumeration and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been actively investigated. However, such methods are still technically challenging. We have developed a novel epithelial cell adhesion molecule independent CTC enumeration system integrated with a sorting system using a microfluidics chip. We compared the number of CTC detected using our system with those detected using the CellSearch system in 46 patients with various cancers. We also evaluated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PIK3CA mutations of captured CTC in a study of 4 lung cancer and 4 breast cancer patients. The percentage of samples with detected CTC was significantly higher with our system (65.2%) than with CellSearch (28.3%). The number of detected CTC per patient using …

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Lenalidomide and low‐dose dexamethasone in Japanese patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a phase II study

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. (Source: Cancer Science)

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Metformin prevents hepatocellular carcinoma development by suppressing hepatic progenitor cell activation in a rat model of cirrhosis

BACKGROUND

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated mortality is increasing at an alarming rate, and there is a readily identifiable cohort of at-risk patients with cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes. These patients are candidates for chemoprevention. Metformin is an attractive agent for chemoprevention because it is inexpensive, has a favorable safety profile, and is well tolerated over long time periods.

METHODS

The authors studied the efficacy of metformin as a prevention agent in a clinically relevant rat model of HCC, in which tumors develop in the setting of chronic inflammation and cirrhosis. Repeated injections of diethylnitrosamine were used to induce sequential cirrhosis and HCC, and metformin was administered at the first signs of either fibrosis or cirrhosis.

RESULTS

Prolonged metformin exposure was safe and was associated with decreases in fibrotic and inflammatory markers, especially when administered early at the first signs of fibrosis. In addition, early metformin treatment led to a 44% decrease in HCC incidence, whereas tumor burden was unchanged when metformin was administered at the first signs of cirrhosis. It is noteworthy that activation of the hepatic progenitor/stem cell compartment was first observed at the onset of cirrhosis; therefore, only early metformin treatment suppressed receptor for advanced glycation end products and inhibited the activation of hepatic progenitor cells.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results are the first to demonstrate an effect on progenitor/stem cells in the setting of chemoprevention and provide further rationale to explore metformin as an early intervention in clinical trials of patients with chronic liver disease at high risk for HCC. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

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Étude anatomique des rapports de l’artère sous-mentonnière pour le prélèvement du lambeau sous-mentonnier

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2016
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale
Author(s): C. Ricour, J. Ferri, G. Thiery, C. Fontaine, G. Raoul
IntroductionLe lambeau sous-mentonnier est utile pour les reconstructions intra-orales et des deux tiers inférieurs de la face. La dissection est délicate à cause d'une exposition difficile sous le bord basilaire mandibulaire, de nombreuses collatérales dans une couche cellulo-graisseuse et de la proximité du rameau marginal de la mandibule. Le but de notre travail était de proposer des repères anatomiques pour faciliter le prélèvement du lambeau sous-mentonnier.Matériel et méthodeDix cadavres traités par liquide de conservation Biomet ont été disséqués de façon bilatérale. Les rapports anatomiques du rameau marginal du nerf facial avec la mandibule, les rapports de l'artère sous-mentonnière, le nombre de ses collatérales et leurs positions ont été mesurés à l'aide d'un pied à coulisse.RésultatsLa position la plus haute du rameau marginal était située 0,5cm au-dessus du bord basilaire alors que la plus basse était située 0,6cm au-dessous. La longueur mesurée entre le passage de l'artère facial sur le bord basilaire au niveau de l'encoche pré-angulaire et l'origine de l'artère sous-mentonnière a été en moyenne de 1,5cm. Le nombre moyen de collatérales était de 3,6.DiscussionL'incision cutanée réalisée directement sous le bord basilaire, comme décrite par certains auteurs, entraîne un risque de lésion du rameau marginal mandibulaire. Trois positions de l'artère sous-mentonnière par rapport à la glande sub-mandibulaire sont décrites. Les collatérales sont à destinée glandulaire, musculaire, cutanée et osseuse. Il faut accorder un intérêt particulier à l'artère sublinguale, artère de diamètre important qui naît en moyenne à 2,8cm de son origine et plonge distalement vers le plancher buccal. Il ne faut pas la suivre sous peine de risquer de clamper le grêle pédicule destiné au muscle digastrique. Il est indispensable de respecter l'ambiance cellulo-graisseuse superficielle satellite de l'artère sous-mentonnière pour limiter la congestion veineuse du lambeau.IntroductionSubmental flap is useful for intra-oral reconstructions and reconstructions of the lower two thirds of the face. Dissection is delicate because of a difficult exposure under the lower rim of the mandible, numerous collateral arterial branches and the proximity of the marginal branch of the facial nerve. The aim of our work was to propose anatomical landmarks in order to facilitate the submental flap raising.Material and methodTen bodies preserved in Biomet liquid were dissected bilaterally. The anatomic relationships between the marginal branch of the facial nerve and the mandible, the relationships of the submental artery, the amount and the location of its collateral branches were measured by means of a caliper.ResultsThe highest marginal branch observed was located 0.5 cm above the mandibular lower rim, while the lower one was located 0.6cm below this rim. The mean length measured between the facial artery at its crossing over the mandibular rim at the level of the pre-angular notch and the origin of the submental artery was 1.5cm. The average number of collateral branches was 3.6.DiscussionA skin incision made directly under the mandibular lower rim, as mentioned by some authors, may endanger the mandibular marginal branch of the facial nerve. Three positions of the submental artery in relation to the sub-maxillary gland are reported. The collateral branches are intended for gland, muscle, skin and bone. It is necessary to pay particular attention to the sub-lingual artery, an artery of big diameter that arises at 2.8cm on average from its origin and plunges towards the mouth's floor. It must not be followed at risk of clamping the thin pedicle destined to the digastric muscle. It is important to preserve the fat tissue around the submental pedicle in order to avoid venous congestion of the flap.

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A crucial role of SUMOylation in modulating Sirt6 deacetylation of H3 at lysine 56 and its tumor suppressive activity

Authors: J Cai, Y Zuo, T Wang, Y Cao, R Cai, F-L Chen, J Cheng & J Mu (Source: Oncogene)

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Voies d’abords des tumeurs du cône postérieur de l’orbite

Publication date: Available online 23 February 2016
Source:Revue de Stomatologie, de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale et de Chirurgie Orale
Author(s): J.T. Bachelet, H. Shipkov, P. Breton, M. Berhouma, E. Jouanneau, A. Gleizal
La chirurgie des tumeurs du cône postérieur de l'orbite est complexe car il s'agit d'une zone anatomique située aux confins du crâne et de la face. L'objectif des gestes chirurgicaux réalisés dans cette zone est d'effectuer l'exérèse de la tumeur tout en préservant la fonction visuelle grâce à la voie d'abord présentant la plus faible morbidité possible. Le but de ce travail était, à travers notre expérience et une analyse de la littérature, de déterminer les avantages et les inconvénients des nombreuses voies d'abord décrites.The surgical management of posterior orbital tumors is complex because it is an anatomical area located at the borders between the face and the skull base. The goal of the procedures carried-out in this area is to resect the tumor while preserving vision by using the safest possible approach. The aim of our work was to determine, in the light of our experience and of a review of the literature, the advantages and drawbacks of the numerous approaches described.

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