What is Tummy Tuck Surgery and is it safe?

 

Tummy tuck surgery / Abdominoplasty in the modern age

In our modern age we have many choices and this is also reflected on the various beauty treatments that we have at our disposal. For many people the desire to have a young and attractive appearance is quite important and a large factor in one's overall self-confidence.

As we start to age many of us see the effects in different areas of one's body. For some people it starts to show in the face and others on the body itself. There is a growing number of people that are choosing to use cosmetic surgery to correct the signs of aging.

There are a few main cosmetic procedures that are very popular these days which are liposuction, breast augmentation, tummy tuck surgery, face enhancement including rhinoplasty. Also dermal fillers are very commonly used to improve the sagging skin on the face and the removal or wrinkles.

Different tummy tucks techniques

Many women that have had children have will be left with a lot of loose skin the the tummy and often stretch marks as well. The cosmetic procedure used to correct this is the tummy tuck. Below you will learn more about the procedure.

It is not one technique that is used in tummy tuck but several of them. The choice of the technique will largely depend on the amount of tissue to be removed, the shape of the incision and to a large extent, the placement of the incision.

The Incisions

If we take the incisions for instance, one finds that surgeons will choose areas that are least visible in the abdomen and make the incisions there. Clients do not want to be left with visibly ugly and permanent at that, scars on their abdomen. In some cases though, the surgeon may be compelled to make an incision where it is very visible when it cannot be avoided.

The horizontal and across are the most common incisions made on the patients during tummy tuck. The other common incisions include the V-shaped ones; for some surgeons, making incisions along the bikini line seem to be the best way to conceal the incision.

There are many types of tummy tuck surgery such as extended tummy tuck, mini-tummy tuck and more. Learn what tummy types of tummy tuck surgery is right for you.

In most cases, the surgeon will not have a leeway on which area the incision will be made. The needs of your body will largely determined where the placement of the incision will be made.

It is usually advised that one discusses these issues with the surgeon to iron some concerns that might arise regarding the placement of the incisions. It has occurred situations where the patient is not content with the incision being placed somewhere on the abdomen even when the surgeon thinks this is the best in the circumstances.

If you are interested in losing weight with the help of cosmetic surgery and considering having a tummy tuck or abdominoplasty, you can read more in the following link –  http://ift.tt/2heMEAc

Once you have help positive discussion with the surgeon, it will help you to have a realistic picture of the incision and why it is placed in a particular area on the abdomen.

The post What is Tummy Tuck Surgery and is it safe? appeared first on Family Dentistry and Cosmetic Surgery Clinic.

http://ift.tt/2gQoaKK

Mosaicism in health and disease — clones picking up speed

Many genetic studies focus on germline-inherited genomic variation. However, there is increasing realization that mutations occurring during our lifetime are so frequent and pervasive that, in all likelihood, no two of our cells are truly genetically identical. In this Review, the authors describe the detection, molecular nature and dynamics of this under-appreciated post-zygotic variation, and discuss the implications for normal human physiology and disease.

http://ift.tt/2hudqFG

Le Carbone, a charcoal supplement, modulates DSS-induced acute colitis in mice through activation of AMPKα and downregulation of STAT3 and caspase 3 dependent apoptotic pathways

Publication date: February 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 43
Author(s): Mst. Rejina Afrin, Somasundaram Arumugam, Md. Azizur Rahman, Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder, Remya Sreedhar, Meilei Harima, Hiroshi Suzuki, Takashi Nakamura, Shizuka Miyashita, Kenji Suzuki, Kazuyuki Ueno, Kenichi Watanabe
Le Carbone (LC) is a charcoal supplement, which contains a large amount of dietary fibers. Several studies suggested that charcoal supplement may be beneficial for stomach disorders, diarrhea, gas and indigestion. But no studies address whether LC intake would suppress inflammation, cell proliferation or disease progression in colitis. In the present study, the effect of LC on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice and its possible mechanism of action were examined. A study was designed for 8days, using C57BL/6 female mice that were administered with 3% DSS in drinking water for 7days followed by another 1day consumption of normal water with or without treatment. LC suspension was administered daily for 7days via oral gavage using 5mg/mouse in treatment group and normal group was supplied with drinking water. LC suspension significantly attenuated the loss of body weight and shortening of colon length induced by DSS. The disease activity index, histopathologic changes were significantly reduced by LC treatment. The inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-1β, p-STAT3 and p-NF-κB induced in the colon by DSS were markedly suppressed by LC. The increased activation of AMPKα in the colon was also detected in LC group. Furthermore, the apoptotic marker protein cleaved caspase 3 was down-regulated and anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2 and Bcl-xL were significantly up-regulated by LC treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate the ability of LC to inhibit inflammation, apoptosis and give some evidence for its potential use as adjuvant treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.



http://ift.tt/2gCa41K

Frontline treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in adults

Publication date: Available online 11 December 2016
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Gevorg Tamamyan, Tapan Kadia, Farhad Ravandi, Gautam Borthakur, Jorge Cortes, Elias Jabbour, Naval Daver, Maro Ohanian, Hagop Kantarjian, Marina Konopleva
Recent years have highlighted significant progress in understanding the underlying genetic and epigenetic signatures of acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Most importantly, novel chemotherapy and targeted strategies have led to improved outcomes in selected genetic subsets. AML is a remarkably heterogeneous disease, and individualized therapies for disease-specific characteristics (considering patients' age, cytogenetics, and mutations) could yield better outcomes. Compared with the historical 5-to 10-year survival rate of 10%, the survival of patients who undergo modern treatment approaches reaches up to 40–50%, and for specific subsets, the improvements are even more dramatic; for example, in acute promyelocytic leukemia, the use of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide improved survival from 30 to 40% up to 80 to 90%. Similar progress has been documented in core-binding-factor-AML, with an increase in survival from 30% to 80% upon the use of high-dose cytarabine/fludarabine/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor combination regimens. AML treatment was also recently influenced by the discovery of the superiority of regimens with higher dose Ara-C and nucleoside analogues compared with the "7+3"regimen, with about a 20% improvement in overall survival. Despite these significant differences, most centers continue to use the "7+3" regimen, and greater awareness will improve the outcome. The discovery of targetable molecular abnormalities and recent studies of targeted therapies (gemtuzumab ozagomycin, FLT3 inhibitors, isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, and epigenetic therapies), future use of checkpoint inhibitors and other immune therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cells, and maintenance strategies based on the minimal residual disease evaluation represent novel, exciting clinical leads aimed to improve AML outcomes in the near future.



http://ift.tt/2gqHL2T

Aerosol delivery of stabilized polyester-siRNA nanoparticles to silence gene expression in orthotopic lung tumors

Publication date: February 2017
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 118
Author(s): Yunfeng Yan, Kejin Zhou, Hu Xiong, Jason B. Miller, Edward A. Motea, David A. Boothman, Li Liu, Daniel J. Siegwart
Tremendous progress has been made in the development of delivery carriers for small RNA therapeutics. However, most achievements have focused on the treatment of liver-associated diseases because conventional lipid and lipidoid nanoparticles (LNPs) readily accumulate in the liver after intravenous (i.v.) administration. Delivering RNAs to other organs and tumor tissues remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we utilized a 540-member combinatorial functional polyester library to discover nanoparticles (NPs) that enable efficacious siRNA delivery to A549 lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. PE4K-A13–0.33C6 and PE4K-A13–0.33C10 NPs were efficiently internalized into A549-Luc cells within 4 h. The addition of PEG 2000 DMG lipid or Pluronic F-127 onto the surface of the polyplexes reduced the surface charge of NPs, resulting in an increase of serum stability. We then explored aerosol delivery of stabilized PE4K-A13–0.33C6 and PE4K-A13–0.33C10 NPs to implanted orthotopic lung tumors. We found that by altering the administration route from i.v. to aerosol, the NPs could avoid liver accumulation and instead be specifically localized only in the lungs. This resulted in significant gene silencing in the A549 orthotopic lung tumors. Due to the ability to deliver siRNA to non-liver targets, this approach provides a privileged route for gene silencing in the lungs.



http://ift.tt/2hjXWnk

Visualized detection of single-base difference in multiplexed loop-mediated isothermal amplification amplicons by invasive reaction coupled with oligonucleotide probe-modified gold nanoparticles

Publication date: 15 April 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 90
Author(s): Yan Lu, Xueping Ma, Jianping Wang, Nan Sheng, Tianhui Dong, Qinxin Song, Jianzhong Rui, Bingjie Zou, Guohua Zhou
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a well-developed DNA amplification method with an ultra-high sensitivity, but it is difficult to recognize a single-base difference (like genotyping) in target-specific amplicons by conventional detection ways, such as the intercalation of dyes into dsDNA amplicons or the increase of solution turbidity along with the polymerization process. To allow genotyping based on LAMP suitable for POCT (point-of-care testing) or on-site testing, here we proposed a highly specific and cost-effective method for detecting a single-base difference in LAMP amplicons. The method includes three key steps, sequence amplifier to amplify multiple fragments containing the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interest, allele identifier to recognize a targeted base in the amplicons by invasive reaction, and signal generator to yield signals by hybridization-induced assembly of oligonucleotide probe-modified gold nanoparticles. Because the allele identifier is sensitive to one base difference, it is possible to use multiplexed LAMP (mLAMP) to generate amplicon mixtures for multiple SNP typing. Genotyping of 3 different SNPs (CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3 and MDR1-C3435T) for guiding the dosage of clopidogrel is successfully carried out in a 3-plex LAMP on real clinical samples. As our method relies on the naked-eye detection and constant-temperature reaction, no expensive instrument is required for both target amplification and sequence identification, thus much suitable for inexpensive gene-guided personalized medicine in source-limited regions.



http://ift.tt/2hij5LU

Effects of Overground Locomotor Training on Walking Performance in Chronic Cervical Motor-Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study

Publication date: Available online 11 December 2016
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Jared M. Gollie, Andrew A. Guccione, Gino S. Panza, Peter Y. Jo, Jeffrey E. Herrick
ObjectiveTo determine the effects of a novel overground locomotor training (OLT) program on walking performance in people with chronic cervical motor-incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).DesignBefore-After Pilot Study.SettingHuman performance research laboratory.ParticipantsAdults (n=6; age>18 years) with chronic cervical iSCI C & D according to the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS).InterventionOLT included two 90-minute sessions per week for 12-15 weeks. Training sessions alternated between uniplanar and multiplanar stepping patterns. Each session was comprised of five segments: joint mobility; volitional muscle activation; task-isolation; task-integration; activity rehearsal.Main Outcome MeasuresOverground walking speed, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2).ResultsOLT increased overground walking speed (0.36±0.20 vs 0.51±0.24 m·s; P<0.001, d=0.68). Significant decreases in VO2 (6.6±1.3 vs 5.7±1.4 ml·kg·min; P=0.038, d=0.67) and VCO2 (753.1±125.5 vs 670.7±120.3 ml·min; P=0.036, d=0.67) during self-selected constant work-rate treadmill walking was also noted after training.ConclusionsOLT program used in this pilot study is feasible and improved both overground walking speed and walking economy in a small sample of people with chronic cervical iSCI. Future studies are necessary to establish the efficacy of this OLT program as well as to differentiate among potential mechanisms contributing to enhanced walking performance in people with iSCI following OLT.



http://ift.tt/2he36ke