Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Publication date: Available online 28 January 2017
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Jisha Chalissery, Deena Jalal, Zeina Al Natour, Ahmed H. Hassan
Malfunction of enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative attack on biomolecules including DNA and consequently activates various DNA repair pathways. The nature of DNA damage and the cell cycle stage at which DNA damage occurs determine the appropriate repair pathway to rectify the damage. Oxidized DNA bases are primarily repaired by base excision repair and nucleotide incision repair. Nucleotide excision repair acts on lesions that distort DNA helix, mismatch repair on mispaired bases, and homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining on double stranded breaks. Post-replication repair that overcomes replication blocks caused by DNA damage also plays a crucial role in protecting the cell from the deleterious effects of oxidative DNA damage. Mitochondrial DNA is also prone to oxidative damage and is efficiently repaired by the cellular DNA repair machinery. In this review, we discuss the DNA repair pathways in relation to the nature of oxidative DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.



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Leucine-rich α-2 glycoprotein is an innovative biomarker for psoriasis

Publication date: Available online 29 January 2017
Source:Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): Hideki Nakajima, Satoshi Serada, Minoru Fujimoto, Tetsuji Naka, Shigetoshi Sano




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[Lumbar disc herniation: Natural history, role of physical examination, timing of surgery, treatment options and conflicts of interests].

Related Articles

[Lumbar disc herniation: Natural history, role of physical examination, timing of surgery, treatment options and conflicts of interests].

Neurocirugia (Astur). 2017 Jan 24;:

Authors: Delgado-López PD, Rodríguez-Salazar A, Martín-Alonso J, Martín-Velasco V

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Indication for surgery in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) varies widely depending on the geographical area.
DEVELOPMENT: A literature review is presented on the natural history, role of physical examination, timing of surgery, evidence-based treatment, and conflicts of interests in LDH. Surgery is shown to provide significant faster relief of pain compared to conservative therapy, although the effect fades after a year. There is no treatment modality better than the rest in terms of pain control and neurological recovery, nor is there a surgical technique clearly superior to simple discectomy. The lack of sound scientific evidence on the surgical indication may contribute to its great geographical variability.
CONCLUSIONS: Since LDH has a favourable natural history, neuroimaging and surgery should not be considered until after a 6-week period. It is necessary to specify and respect the surgical indications for LDH, avoiding conflicts of interests.

PMID: 28130015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Biology and mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc].

Related Articles

[Biology and mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc].

Neurocirugia (Astur). 2017 Jan 24;:

Authors: González Martínez E, García-Cosamalón J, Cosamalón-Gan I, Esteban Blanco M, García-Suarez O, Vega JA

Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is noted for its low cell content, and being the largest avascular structure of human body. The low amount of cells in the disc have to adapt to an anaerobic metabolism with low oxygen pressure and acidic pH. Apart from surviving in an adverse microenvironment, they are exposed to a high level of mechanical stress. The biological adaptation of cells to acidosis and hyperosmolarity conditions are regulated by mechanoproteins, which are responsible for converting a mechanical signal into a cellular response, thus modifying its gene expression. Mechanobiology helps us to better understand the pathophysiology of IVD and its potential biological repair.

PMID: 28130014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2kfUXx4

[Lumbar disc herniation: Natural history, role of physical examination, timing of surgery, treatment options and conflicts of interests].

Related Articles

[Lumbar disc herniation: Natural history, role of physical examination, timing of surgery, treatment options and conflicts of interests].

Neurocirugia (Astur). 2017 Jan 24;:

Authors: Delgado-López PD, Rodríguez-Salazar A, Martín-Alonso J, Martín-Velasco V

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Indication for surgery in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) varies widely depending on the geographical area.
DEVELOPMENT: A literature review is presented on the natural history, role of physical examination, timing of surgery, evidence-based treatment, and conflicts of interests in LDH. Surgery is shown to provide significant faster relief of pain compared to conservative therapy, although the effect fades after a year. There is no treatment modality better than the rest in terms of pain control and neurological recovery, nor is there a surgical technique clearly superior to simple discectomy. The lack of sound scientific evidence on the surgical indication may contribute to its great geographical variability.
CONCLUSIONS: Since LDH has a favourable natural history, neuroimaging and surgery should not be considered until after a 6-week period. It is necessary to specify and respect the surgical indications for LDH, avoiding conflicts of interests.

PMID: 28130015 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2kggxBQ

[Biology and mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc].

Related Articles

[Biology and mechanobiology of the intervertebral disc].

Neurocirugia (Astur). 2017 Jan 24;:

Authors: González Martínez E, García-Cosamalón J, Cosamalón-Gan I, Esteban Blanco M, García-Suarez O, Vega JA

Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is noted for its low cell content, and being the largest avascular structure of human body. The low amount of cells in the disc have to adapt to an anaerobic metabolism with low oxygen pressure and acidic pH. Apart from surviving in an adverse microenvironment, they are exposed to a high level of mechanical stress. The biological adaptation of cells to acidosis and hyperosmolarity conditions are regulated by mechanoproteins, which are responsible for converting a mechanical signal into a cellular response, thus modifying its gene expression. Mechanobiology helps us to better understand the pathophysiology of IVD and its potential biological repair.

PMID: 28130014 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://ift.tt/2kfUXx4

MicroRNA-135a is up-regulated and aggravates myocardial depression in sepsis via regulating p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway

Publication date: April 2017
Source:International Immunopharmacology, Volume 45
Author(s): Ge Zheng, Minli Pan, Weimin Jin, Guoxin Jin, Yumao Huang
MicroRNA-135a (miR-135a) is implicated in the pathological processes of several cancers. However, the roles and regulatory mechanism of miR-135a in sepsis-induced myocardial depression (MD) remain largely unknown. In this study, the serum of patients with sepsis and healthy controls was obtained. The miR-135a expression was then measured. Then lentiviruses (miR-135a mimic, inhibitor and scramble control) were transfected into BALB/c mice. After 4days of transfection, polymicrobial sepsis model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. The serum tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 were detected. Cardiac function was assessed. In addition, the protein expressions of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway-related proteins were determined. Besides, SB203580 and JSH-23, the inhibitors of p38 MAPK and NF-κB respectively, were used to treat the isolated ventricular myocytes in vitro. MiR-135a was significantly up-regulated in the serum of patients with sepsis. In comparison with CLP group, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and the expressions of p-p38 and p-p65 in CLP+miR-135a mimic group were significantly increased, while markedly decreased in CLP+miR-135a inhibitor group. Moreover, EF, FS, LVdP/dt (max), LVdP/dt (min) and LVDP of CLP+miR-135a mimic group were all significantly decreased, while markedly increased in CLP+miR-135a inhibitor group. Besides, the increased expressions of p-p38 and p-p65, decreased expression of p-IKBα and the decreased percentage of contraction amplitude in miR-135a mimic group were markedly reversed by SB203580 or JSH-23 treatments. Up-regulation of miR-135a could aggravate sepsis-induced inflammation and myocardial dysfunction via activation of p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway.



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