Interictal Ripples Nested in Epileptiform Discharge Help to Identify the Epileptogenic Zone in Neocortical Epilepsy

Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Clinical Neurophysiology
Author(s): Shuang Wang, Norman K. So, Bo Jin, Irene Z. Wang, Juan C. Bulacio, Rei Enatsu, Shenyi Dai, Zhong Chen, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Imad M. Najm
ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the subtype of interictal ripples that help delineate the epileptogenic zone in neocortical epilepsy.MethodsTotally 25 patients with focal neocortical epilepsy who had invasive electroencephalography (EEG) evaluation and subsequent surgery were included. They were followed up for at least 2 years. Interictal ripples (80–250 Hz) and fast ripples (250–500 Hz) during slow-wave sleep were identified. Neocortical ripples were defined as type I ripples when they were superimposed on epileptiform discharges, and as type II ripples when they occurred independently. Resection ratio was calculated to present the extent to which the cortical area showing an interictal event or the seizure onset zone (SOZ) was completely removed.ResultsFast ripples and types I and II ripples were found in 8, 19, and 21 patients, respectively. Only the higher resection ratio of interictal fast or type I ripples was correlated to the Engel 1a surgical outcome.ConclusionsType I ripples could assist in localizing the epileptogenic zone in neocortical epilepsy.SignificanceType I and fast ripples both may be pathological high-frequency oscillations.



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Anticancer Agents; +129 new citations

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These pubmed results were generated on 2017/03/26

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Infant Colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Preceding Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge.

Infant Colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Preceding Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge.

J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2017 Mar 01;:

Authors: Clock SA, Jia H, Patel S, Ferng YH, Alba L, Whittier S, DeLaMora P, Tabibi S, Perlman J, Paul D, Zaoutis T, Larson E, Saiman L

Abstract
Rates of colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were determined for 1320 infants within 7 days of neonatal intensive care unit discharge. Overall, 4% and 1% of the infants were colonized with MRSA or VRE, respectively. Predictors identified in fixed-effects models were surgery during hospitalization (for MRSA colonization) and prolonged antimicrobial treatment (for VRE colonization).

PMID: 28339914 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Tsunami run-up and inundation along the coast of Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia due to a potential Brunei submarine mass failure

Abstract

Submarine landslides, also known as submarine mass failures (SMFs), are major natural marine disasters that could critically damage coastal facilities such as nuclear power plants and oil and gas platforms. It is therefore essential to investigate submarine landslides for potential tsunami hazard assessment. Three-dimensional seismic data from offshore Brunei have revealed a giant seabed mass deposited by a previous SMF. The submarine mass extends over 120 km from the continental slope of the Baram Canyon at 200 m water depth to the deep basin floor of the Northwest Borneo Trough. A suite of in-house two-dimensional depth-averaged tsunami simulation model TUNA (Tsunami-tracking Utilities and Application) is developed to assess the vulnerability of coastal communities in Sabah and Sarawak subject to potential SMF tsunami. The submarine slide is modeled as a rigid body moving along a planar slope with the center of mass motion parallel to the planar slope and subject to external forces due to added mass, gravity, and dissipation. The nonlinear shallow water equations are utilized to simulate tsunami propagation from deepwater up to the shallow offshore areas. A wetting-drying algorithm is used when a tsunami wave reaches the shoreline to compute run up of tsunami along the shoreline. Run-up wave height and inundation maps are provided for seven densely populated locations in Sabah and Sarawak to highlight potential risks at each location, subject to two scenarios of slide slopes: 2° and 4°. The first wave may arrive at Kudat as early as 0.4 h after the SMF, giving local communities little time to evacuate. Over a small area, maximum inundated depths reaching 20.3 m at Kudat, 26.1 m at Kota Kinabalu, and 15.5 m at Miri are projected, while the maximum inundation distance of 4.86 km is expected at Miri due to its low-lying coast. In view of the vulnerability of some locations to the SMF tsunami, it is important to develop and implement community resilience program to reduce the potential damage that could be inflicted by SMF tsunamis.

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Characterization of PM 2.5 chemical composition at the Demokritos suburban station, in Athens Greece. The influence of Saharan dust

Abstract

The aim of this work is to study the atmospheric concentrations of selected major and trace elements and ions found in PM_2.5, at a suburban site in Athens, Greece, and discuss on the impact of the different sources. Special focus is given to the influence of Saharan dust episodes. The seasonal variability in the metal and ion concentrations is also examined. The results show that PM_2.5 mass concentrations are significantly influenced by Saharan dust events; it is observed that when the PM_2.5 concentration is higher than 25 μg/m³, five out of six times, the air mass crossed North Africa at an altitude within the boundary layer. Fe is found to be the element with the more significant seasonal variability, displaying much higher concentrations during cold period. The frequent Saharan dust intrusions in the cold period of this dataset may explain this result. Mineral dust and secondary aerosol are the main PM_2.5 components (29 and 34%, respectively). During Saharan dust events, the concentration of mineral dust is increased by 35% compared to the days without dust intrusions, while an increase of 68% of the sea salt is also observed. During event days, PM_2.5 concentrations are also increased by 14%. Anthropogenic components do not decrease during those days, while sulfate displays even a slight increase, suggesting enrichment of mineral dust with secondary sulfates. The results indicate that African dust intrusions add a rather significant PM pollution load even in the PM_2.5 fraction, with implication to population exposure and human health.

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Expression of the cyanobacterial enzyme cyanase increases cyanate metabolism and cyanate tolerance in Arabidopsis

Abstract

Cyanate and its derivatives are considered as environmental hazardous materials. Cyanate is released to the environment through many chemical industries and mining wastewater. Cyanase enzyme converts cyanate into CO₂ and NH₃ in a bicarbonate-dependent reaction. At low cyanate concentrations, the endogenous plant cyanases play a vital role in cyanate detoxification. However, such cyanate biodegradation system is probably insufficient due to the excess cyanate concentrations at contaminated sites. In this study, we have transferred the activity of the cyanobacterial cyanase into Arabidopsis thaliana plants in order to enhance plant resistance against cyanate toxicity. The enzyme was shown to be active in planta. Transgenic plants exposed to cyanate, either applied by foliar spray or supplemented in growth medium, showed less reduction in pigment contents, antioxidant enzymes, carbohydrate contents, and reduced levels of plant growth retardation. Plant growth assays under cyanate stress showed enhanced growth and biomass accumulation in cyanase overexpressors compared to control plants. Results of this study provide evidence for developing novel eco-friendly phytoremediation systems for cyanate detoxification.

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HLA-A*31:01 and lamotrigine-induced severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a Korean population

Publication date: Available online 25 March 2017
Source:Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
Author(s): Byung-Keun Kim, Jae-Woo Jung, Tae-Bum Kim, Yoon-Seok Chang, Hae-Sim Park, Jangsup Moon, Soon-Tae Lee, Keun-Hwa Jung, Ki-Young Jung, Kon Chu, Sang Kun Lee, Hye-Ryun Kang, Heung-Woo Park




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