Is CPAP treatment not effective after supratentorial craniotomy? Author's reply

We thank the authors for their comments [1] on our study "Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure and incentive spirometry on respiratory functions during the postoperative period following supratentorial craniotomy: A prospective randomized controlled study" [2], which was published in your journal.

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Intraoperative clevidipine use to manage an acute hypertensive episode in a patient with a simultaneous kidney-pancreatic transplant

Arterial hypertension represents one of the most common diagnoses pathology in general population and usually is associated with a high appearance of complications and an increase in the mortality and morbidity during the perioperative period [1]. Refractory hypertension episodes following a simultaneous kidney-pancreatic transplant (SKPT) are not described by the current literature, and usually are associated with a multifactorial pathogenesis (immunosuppressive drugs use, chronic allograft dysfunction, genetic susceptibility or vascular complications) [2].

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The correlation of the depth of anesthesia and postoperative cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials

To comprehensively evaluate the associations between the depth of anesthesia and postoperative delirium (POD) or postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD).

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Ultrasound guided low thoracic erector spinae plane block for management of acute herpes zoster

Interfascial plane blocks have become very popular in recent years. A novel interfascial plane block, erector spinae plane (ESP) block can target the dorsal and ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves but its effect in neuropathic pain is unclear [1]. If acute pain management for herpes zoster is not done aggressively, it can turn into chronic pain. However; ESP block is first described as inject local anesthetics around the erector spinae muscle at the level of T5 spinous process for thoracic region, if the block is performed at lower levels it could be effective for abdominal and lumbar region [2].

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Anesthetic and pharmacologic considerations in perioperative care of obese children

Anesthetic management of obese pediatric patients is challenging. With increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, more severely obese children with comorbidities present for surgery every day. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date comprehensive narrative review on the impact of pathophysiological changes imposed by pediatric obesity on the perioperative management of obese children, especially drug dosing. This knowledge is necessary to provide safe delivery of anesthesia for severely obese children.

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Anesthetic management of an adult patient with Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum: Utility of transesophageal echocardiography

Cor Triatriatum Sinistrum (CTS) is an uncommon congenital cardiac defect, reported in 0.1% to 0.4% of patients with congenital heart disease, and which results from the division of the left atrium into two chambers by a perforated fibromuscular septum [1]. CTS is commonly diagnosed in childhood, though cases with incomplete or fenestrated membranes may remain asymptomatic throughout adulthood.

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Ultrasound guided erector spinae block for postoperative analgesia in pediatric nephrectomy surgeries

Erector spinae block (ESB) is a newly identified regional anesthesia technique, which became popular between the clinicians for its ease and relatively safer administration [1]. There were quite many cases reporting its use for many different indications in adults. By far its use in pediatric cases was just defined for thoracic surgery [2,3]. We would like to share our experience about the use of ESB for postoperative analgesia in two pediatric cases undergoing nephrectomy for Wilms tumor. Written informed consent of all patients' parents was provided for using data of the children in this report.

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