Compartmentalised metabolic programmes in human anagen hair follicles: New targets to modulate epithelial stem cell behaviour, keratinocyte proliferation and hair follicle immune status?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Compartmentalised metabolic programmes in human anagen hair follicles: New targets to modulate epithelial stem cell behaviour, keratinocyte proliferation and hair follicle immune status? Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Human scalp hair follicles (HF) preferentially engage in glycolysis followed by lactate production in the presence of oxygen (i.e. the Warburg effect). Through the spatiotemporally controlled expression of key metabolic proteins, we hypothesise that the Warburg effect and other HF metabolic programmes are compartmentalised by region in order to regulate regional cell fate and phenotypes, such as epithelial stem cell quiescence in the bulge or keratinocyte proliferation in the hair matrix. We further propose that metabolic conditions in the HF are organised in accordance with the lactate shuttle, hypothesised to occur in other tissue systems and tumours, but never before described in the HF. Specifically, we argue that lactate, produced and exported by glycolytic GLUT1+ lower outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes. We further propose that lactate is then utilised symbiotically by neighbouring highly proliferative matrix keratinocytes to fuel oxidative metabolism via MCT1‐mediated uptake. Furthermore, as lactate has been described to be immunomodulatory, its production and accumulation could enhance immune tolerance in the HF bulb. Here we delineate how to experimentally probe this hypothesis, define major open questions and present preliminary immunohistological evidence in support of metabolic compartmentalisation and lactate shuttling. Overall, we argue that basic and translational hair research needs to rediscover the importance of lactate in human HF biology, well beyond its recognised role in murine HF epithelial stem cells, and should explore how HF metabolism can be therapeutically targeted to modulate hair growth and the immunological HF microenvironment as a novel strategy for managing hair loss disorders. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Feasibility of Personal Sound Amplification Products in Patients with Moderate Hearing Loss: A Pilot Study.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Feasibility of Personal Sound Amplification Products in Patients with Moderate Hearing Loss: A Pilot Study. Via pubmed: "clin exp otorhinola... Related Articles Feasibility of Personal Sound Amplification Products in Patients with Moderate Hearing Loss: A Pilot Study. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 29;: Authors: Kim GY, Kim JS, Jo M, Seol HY, Cho YS, Moon IJ Abstract Objectives: To confirm the feasibility of personal sound amplification products (PSAPs), the study was conducted for three purposes: 1) to investigate electroacoustic characteristics of PSAPs, 2) to identify whether PSAPs provide adequate gain and output for three common hearing loss configurations, and 3) to compare the benefit of one representative PSAP (RPSAP) to a conventional hearing aid (HA) based on clinical hearing outcomes as a pilot study. Methods: The study consisted of three phases: electroacoustic analysis, simulated real-ear measurements (REMs), and clinical hearing experiments. Electroacoustic analysis and simulated REMs were performed in three basic (BeethoSOL, EarJJang, and Geniesori2) and three high-end PSAPs (Hearing Able, Olive Smart Ear, and SoriIn) using the Aurical Hearing Instrument Test box with a 2cc coupler. With regards to electroacoustic analysis, four electroacoustic characteristics (maximum output sound pressure level at 90 dB SPL, frequency range, equivalent input noise, and total harmonic distortion) were investigated. By simulated REMs, the appropriate level of the six PSAPs for three common hearing loss configurations (mild-to-moderate high-frequency hearing loss, moderate to moderately severe sloping hearing loss, and moderate flat hearing loss) was determined. Clinical experiments were carried out for the purpose of comparing the performance of RPSAP to HA. Before conducting clinical experiments, both RPSAP and HA were fitted by audiologists using REMs. Clinical experiments were administered using functional gain, a word recognition test, and the Korean version of the Hearing in Noise Test in six participants with bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Results: With regards to electroacoustic analysis, two high-end devices met all tolerances. In the case of simulated REMs, one basic and two high-end PSAPs showed appropriate level for three common hearing loss configurations. As for the clinical experiments, the RPSAP showed better performances than unaided, but slightly worse than HA under all test conditions. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that certain PSAPs met all specified tolerances for electroacoustic analysis and had ability to approximate prescriptive targets in a well-controlled laboratory condition. The pilot clinical experiments explored the possibility that RPSAP could be served as a hearing assistive device for patients with moderate hearing loss. PMID: 33541032 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Predictive value of olfactory and taste symptoms in the diagnosis of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Predictive value of olfactory and taste symptoms in the diagnosis of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Via pubmed: "clin exp otorhinola... Related Articles Predictive value of olfactory and taste symptoms in the diagnosis of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 25;: Authors: Kim DH, Kim SW, Stybayeva G, Lim SY, Hwang SH Abstract Objectives: This study evaluated the diagnostic value of the various symptoms of COVID-19 in the screening of this disease. Methods: Two authors (working independently) comprehensively reviewed six databases (PubMed, Cochrane database, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar) from their dates of inception until November 2020. Patient-reported symptoms, including otolaryngologic and general symptoms, were evaluated for their predictive values in adults who underwent testing for COVID-19. True-positive, true-negative, false-positive, and false-negative data were extracted from each study. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (ver. 2). Results: Twenty-eight prospective and retrospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of a change in olfaction and/or taste was 10.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.43; 12.34). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8. Olfactory and/or taste changes had a low sensitivity (0.57, 95%CI: 0.47; 0.66) but moderate negative (0.78, 95%CI: 0.69; 0.85] and positive (0.78, 95%CI: 0.66; 0.87) predictive values and a high specificity (0.91, (95%CI: 0.83; 0.96). Olfactory and/or taste changes had a higher diagnostic value than the other otolaryngologic symptoms, a higher DOR and specificity, and a similar or higher diagnostic value than the other general symptoms. Conclusion: Among otolaryngologic symptoms, olfactory and/or taste dysfunction was the most highly associated with COVID-19 and its general symptoms and should be considered when screening for the disease. PMID: 33541033 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immunity in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immunity in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Via pubmed: "clin exp otorhinola... Related Articles Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on immunity in cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 19;: Authors: Kim DK, Lee BC, Park KJ, Son GM Abstract Objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyp (wNP) is a more severe inflammatory form of CRS that often coexists with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, little is known the relationship between OSA and immunologic profile on patients with CRSwNP. We aimed to investigate the immune profile of patients with CRSwNP according to OSA severity. Methods: This study included 63 patients with CRSwNP and nine control subjects. Protein levels of inflammatory mediators were determined using multiplex immunoassay. All patients underwent standard polysomnography. Results: We found that, in patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP), IL-6 and CXCL-1 (type 1 immune-related markers) were upregulated in cases of moderate-to-severe OSA. Additionally, IL-4, IL-13, CCL-11, CCL-24 (type 2 immune-related markers), and IL-17A (type 3 immune-related marker) were increased in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Though there were no significant differences in type 1, 2, or 3 immune-related markers among patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (NECRSwNP) according to the severity of OSA, TGF--β expression was increased in those with moderate-to-severe OSA. Furthermore, in ECRSwNP with moderate-to-severe OSA, associations were detected between serum markers and some upregulated inflammatory markers. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that OSA may increase the heterogeneity of immune profiles (types 1, 2, and 3) in patients with ECRSwNP but not in those with NECRSwNP. PMID: 33541034 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases peritonsillar abscess susceptibility: real-world evidence.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases peritonsillar abscess susceptibility: real-world evidence. Via pubmed: "clin exp otorhinola... Related Articles Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases peritonsillar abscess susceptibility: real-world evidence. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 14;: Authors: Wu CL, Tsai MS, Lee TJ, Wang YT, Liu CY, Yang YH, Tsai YT, Hsu CM, Wu CY, Chang PJ, Chang GH Abstract Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for deep neck infection (DNI) and lead to complications and poor outcomes. Our study aims to investigate the risk, prognosis, and complications of peritonsillar abscess (PTA) in patients with T2DM. Methods: We extracted data of patients newly diagnosed as having T2DM between January 2000 and December 2011 from Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. These patients were matched with patients without T2DM, and PTA incidence was compared between the both cohorts. Results: In total, 67 852 patients with and 135 704 patients without T2DM were enrolled. PTA incidence was significantly higher in patients with T2DM (incidence rate ratio: 1.91, P < .001); moreover, PTA incidence was higher at 1 to 5 years after T2DM diagnosis than at <1 and >5 years after T2DM diagnosis. Cox regression analysis showed that patients with T2DM had an approximately 2-fold higher PTA risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.89, P < .001). Patients with a higher adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) had higher PTA risk than those with a lower aDCSI (aHRs: 2.17 for aDCSI ≥ 1 [P = .006] and 1.81 [1.24-2.64] for aDCSI = 0 [P = .002]). T2DM patients with high aDCSI (≥1) had nonsignificantly longer hospitalization duration, higher DNI complication than did those with low aDCSI (=0). Conclusion: In patients with T2DM, PTA incidence was relatively high, and it increased with T2DM severity. Moreover, diabetic patients diagnosed within 1 to 5 years should be careful about PTA infection and physicians should keep in mind that PTA prognosis was correlated with T2DM severity. PMID: 33541035 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Sialendoscopy combined with transoral sialodochoplasty for treatment of parotid duct stenosis with megaduct.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Sialendoscopy combined with transoral sialodochoplasty for treatment of parotid duct stenosis with megaduct. Via pubmed: "clin exp otorhinola... Related Articles Sialendoscopy combined with transoral sialodochoplasty for treatment of parotid duct stenosis with megaduct. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 14;: Authors: Shin GC, Kim J, Lee SJ, Kang MS, Ahn SJ, Lim JY Abstract This study aimed to analyze the surgical outcomes of sialendoscopy combined with transoral sialodochoplasty for the treatment of patients with parotid duct stenosis with megaduct. This study included 13 patients with chronic obstructive sialadenitis caused by type 2 parotid duct stenosis who underwent transoral sialodochoplasty. All patients completed a three-point Likert-type rating scale at 3 months after surgery. Six (46.2%) glands showed complete resolution, and seven (53.8%) showed partial resolution of obstructive symptoms. Megaduct diameter between pre- and postoperative MR sialography significantly decreased after transoral sialodochoplasty (8.05 ± 2.67 vs. 4.15 ± 2.4, P = 0.028). Saliva excretion was improved after the transoral sialodochoplasty, as the distal ducts were visualized with a sialagogue postoperatively. Type 2 parotid duct stenosis can be successfully treated with sialendoscopy combined with sialodochoplasty. In cases of large megaduct, transoral sialo dochoplasty appears to offer benefits of reducing the diameter of dilated megaducts and improving salivary outflow. PMID: 33541036 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Feasibility of Surgical Treatment for Laryngomalacia using Spontaneous Respiration Technique.

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Feasibility of Surgical Treatment for Laryngomalacia using Spontaneous Respiration Technique. Via pubmed: "clin exp otorhinola... Related Articles Feasibility of Surgical Treatment for Laryngomalacia using Spontaneous Respiration Technique. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2021 Jan 08;: Authors: Cha H, Lee DY, Kim EH, Lee JH, Jang YE, Kim HS, Kwon SK Abstract background: We review our institutional experience with pediatric laryngomalacia (LM) cases and report our experience in patients undergoing supraglottoplasty using the spontaneous respiration using intravenous anesthesia and high-flow nasal oxygen (STRIVE Hi) technique. Methods: The medical records of 29 children with LM who visited XX Hospital between January 2017 and March 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical management was performed using the STRIVE Hi technique. Intraoperative findings and postoperative surgical outcomes, including complications and changes in symptoms and weight, were analyzed. Results: Of the total study population of 29 subjects, 20 (68.9%) were female. The patients were divided according to the Onley's classification as follows: type I (n = 13, 44.8%), II (n = 10, 34.5%), and III (n = 6, 20.7%). Twenty-five patients (86.2%) had comorbidities. Seventeen patients (58.6%) underwent microlaryngobronchoscopy under STRIVE Hi anesthesia. Four patients with several desaturation events required rescue oxygenation by intermittent intubation and mask bagging during the STRIVE Hi technique. However, the procedure was completed in all patients without any severe adverse effects. Overall, 15 children (51.7%) underwent supraglottoplasty. Among the subjects who underwent supraglottoplasty, 14 (93.3%) showed improvement of symptoms, and their postoperative weight percentile was significantly increased (p = 0.026). One patient required tracheostomy immediately after supraglottoplasty due to associated neurological disease. Conclusion: The STRIVE Hi technique is feasible for supraglottoplasty in LM patients, while type III LM patients with micrognathia or glossoptosis may have a higher risk of requiring rescue oxygenation during the STRIVE Hi technique. PMID: 33541038 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.