Transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID‐19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Transplacental transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin G antibody to infants from maternal COVID‐19 vaccine immunization before pregnancy via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Background & aim Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine generates functional antibodies in maternal circulation that are detectable in infants, while the information is restricted to the usage of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal COVID-19 vaccines before pregnancy. Method Infants were included from mothers with no inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, 1-dose, 2-dose and 3-dose before pregnancy, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were tested. Comparative analysis was done between the groups. Results A total of 130 infants were enrolled in the study. Significantly higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in infants born to mothers with 3-dose COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy compared with 1-dose and 2-dose groups (p<0.0001). The levels of antibodies decreased significantly with age in infants born to mothers with the 3-dose COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy (r=-0.338, p=0.035), and it w as still higher than that 2-dose COVID-19 vaccine group. Conclusion The maternal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies produced from the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy can be transferred to newborns via the placenta. Maternal immunization with 3-dose of the COVID-19 vaccine before pregnancy could be more beneficial for both mothers and infants. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The widest use of paracetamol in home therapy might have actually increased the occurrence of severe forms of COVID‐19 in Italy, affecting hospitalization and death rates.

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The widest use of paracetamol in home therapy might have actually increased the occurrence of severe forms of COVID‐19 in Italy, affecting hospitalization and death rates. via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract A recent contribution by Perico et al., recommended the use of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in the early stage of SARS-CoV2 infection, preventing the onset of a severe form of COVID-19 and hence reducing the hospitalization rate and the risk of mortality 1. Many previous reports from the same group 2-3 and from ours 4, showed that the use of paracetamol, as recommended by the Italian Ministry of Health since Nov 30 th 2020, usually associated with the advice to monitor one's own developing symptoms at home ("watchful waiting"), increased the risk to be hospitalized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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The use of electrodermal activity in pulpal diagnosis and dental pain assessment

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader The use of electrodermal activity in pulpal diagnosis and dental pain assessment via International Endodontic Journal Abstract Abstract Aims To explore whether electrodermal activity (EDA) can serve as a complementary tool for pulpal diagnosis (Aim 1) and an objective metric to assess dental pain before and after local anaesthesia (Aim 2). Methodology A total of 53 subjects (189 teeth) and 14 subjects (14 teeth) were recruited for Aim 1 and Aim 2, respectively. We recorded EDA using commercially available devices, PowerLab and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Amplifier, in conjunction with cold and electric pulp testing (EPT). Participants rated their level of sensation on a 0-10 visual analogue scale (VAS) after each test. We recorded EPT-stimulated EDA activity before and after the administration of local anaesthesia for participants who required root canal treatment (RCT) due to painful pulpitis. The raw data were converted to the time-varying index of sympathetic activity (TVSymp), a sensitive and specific parameter of EDA. Statistical analysis was performed using Python 3.6 and its Scikit-post hoc library. Results EDA activity was upregulated by the stimuli of cold and EPT testing in normal pulp. TVSymp signals were significantly increased in vital pulp compared to necrotic pulp by both, cold test and EPT. Teeth that exhibited intensive sensitivity to cold with or without lingering pain had increased peak numbers of TVSymp than teeth with mild sensation to cold. Pre- and post-anaesthesia EDA activity and VAS scores were recorded in patients with painful pulpitis. Post-anaesthesia EDA signals were significantly lower compared to pre-anaesthesia levels. Approximately 71 % of patients (10 out of 14 patients) experienced no pain during treatment and reported VAS score zero or 1. Majority of patients (10 out of 14) showed the reduction of TVSymp after the administration of anaesthesia. Two out of three patients who experienced increased pain during root canal treatment (post-treatment VAS > pre-treatment VAS) exhibited increased post-anaesthesia TVSymp. Conclusions Our data show promising results for using EDA in pulpal diagnosis and for assessing dental pain. While our testing was limited to subjects who had adequate communication skills, our future goal is to be able to use this technology to aid in the endodontic diagnosis of patients who have limited communication ability. View on Web

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Validation of ASCL1 and LHX8 Methylation Analysis as Primary Cervical Cancer Screening Strategy in South African Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Validation of ASCL1 and LHX8 Methylation Analysis as Primary Cervical Cancer Screening Strategy in South African Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract BackgroundCompared with women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) have a higher human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and increased cervical cancer risk, emphasizing the need for effective cervical cancer screening in this population. The present study aimed to validate methylation markers ASCL1 and LHX8 for primary screening in a South African cohort of WWH. Methods In this post hoc analysis within the DIAgnosis in Vaccine And Cervical Cancer Screen (DiaVACCS) study, a South African observational multicenter cohort study, cervical scrape samples from 411 HIV-positive women were analyzed for hypermethylation of ASCL1 and LHX8 genes, HPV DNA, and cytology. Sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of primary methylation-based, HPV-b ased and cytology-based screening were calculated for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or higher. Results Single markers ASCL1 and LHX8 resulted in a good performance for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or higher, with sensitivities of 85.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.2%–93.6%) and 89.7% (83.0%–96.5%), respectively, and specificities of 72.9% (67.3%–78.5%) and 75.0% (69.5%–80.5%). Combining markers ASCL1 and LHX8 resulted in a lower sensitivity compared with HPV testing (84.6% vs 93.6%, respectively; ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, .82–.99]) and a higher specificity (86.7% vs 78.3%; ratio 1.11 [1.02–1.20]) and reduced the referral rate from 46.8% to 33.4%. ASCL1/LHX8 met hylation had a significantly higher sensitivity than cytology (threshold, high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion or worse), (84.6% vs 74.0%, respectively; ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.01–1.32]) and similar specificity (86.7% vs 91.0%; ratio, 0.95 [.90–1.003]). Conclusions Our results validate the accuracy of ASCL1/LHX8 methylation analysis for primary screening in WWH, which offers a full-molecular alternative to cytology- or HPV-based screening, without the need for additional triage testing. View on Web

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Safety of day‐case endoscopic sinus surgery

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Safety of day‐case endoscopic sinus surgery in England: An observational study using an administrative dataset via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Introduction As elective surgical services recover from the COVID-19 pandemic a movement towards day-case surgery may reduce waiting lists. However, evidence is needed to show that day-case surgery is safe for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of day-case ESS in England. Design Secondary analysis of administrative data. Methods We extracted data from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database for the five years from 1st April 2014 to 31st March 2019. Patients undergoing elective ESS procedure aged ≥ 17 years were included. Exclusion criteria included malignant neoplasm, complex systemic disease and trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. The primary outcome was readmission within 30 days post-discharge. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to compare outcomes for those operated on as day-cases and those with an overnight stay after adjusting for demographic, frailty, comorbidity and procedural covariates. Results Data were available for 49,223 patients operated on across 129 NHS hospital trusts. In trusts operating on more than 50 patients in the study period, rates of day-case surgery varied from 20.6% to 100%. Rates of day-case surgery increased from 64.0% in 2014/15 to 78.7 % in 2018/19. Day-case patients had lower rates of 30-day emergency readmission (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.81). Outcomes for patients operated on in trusts with ≥80% day-case rates compared to patients operated on in trusts with <50% rates of day-case surgery were similar. Conclusions Our data support the view that ESS can safely be performed as day-case surgery in most cases, although it will not be suitable for all patients. There appears to be scope to increase rates of day-case ESS in some hospital trusts in England. View on Web

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Neck management of pathological N1 oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Neck management of pathological N1 oral squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective study via International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery via MedWorm.com This study was performed to compare the effects of neck dissection procedures on the prognosis of patients with pathological N1 (pN1) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), analyse factors affecting the prognosis, and provide a neck management strategy for clinical N1 (cN1) oral cancer. The study patients were divided into two groups according to the neck dissection: a selective neck dissection (SND) group (n  = 85) and a radical or modified radical neck dissection (RND/MRND) group (n = 22). There was no statistically significant difference in recurrence rates at local, regional, and distant sites between the SND and RND/MRND groups. (Source: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery) View on Web

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Central nervous system adverse events of ceftazidime/avibactam: A retrospective study using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Central nervous system adverse events of ceftazidime/avibactam: A retrospective study using Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System via Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics In this commentary, we analyzed reports of nervous system disorders associated with ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime in the FAERS database from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2022. We found that ceftazidime/avibactam showed a relatively stronger sign central nervous system adverse events than meropenem, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in real world. The poor clinical outcome of these events should attract clinical attention, especially for patients with older than 65 years old and long treatment courses. Abstract What is known and objective Many antibiotics are well known for being associated with adverse events (AEs) of central nervous system, ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations. In this commentary, we analyzed reports of nervous system disorders associated with CAZ/AVI, meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System database from January 2015 to March 2022. Comment The reporting odds ratios (RORs) method was used to detect the safety signals. Up to 15.62% of CAZ/AVI AEs exhibit nervous system disorders associated with CAZ/AVI. A nervous system disorder signal was detected for CAZ/AVI compared with meropenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone. Compared with meropenem, imipenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, encephalopathy, myoclonus, reported with CAZ/AVI exhibited significant RORs. What is new and conclusion This study found that CAZ/AVI showed a relatively stronger sign nervous system disorder than meropenem, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone in the real world. The poor clinical outcome of these events should attract clinical attention, especially for patients with older than 65 years old and long treatment courses. View on Web

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