Head and Neck Diseases by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis: Δεκεμβρίου 2015

Πέμπτη 31 Δεκεμβρίου 2015

Microsurgery with or without Neuroendoscopy in Petroclival Meningiomas.

Microsurgery with or without Neuroendoscopy in Petroclival Meningiomas.

Turk Neurosurg. 2015;25(2):231-8

Authors: Zhou QJ, Liu B, Geng DJ, Fu Q, Cheng XJ, Kadeer K, DU GJ, Wang YX, Luan XP

Abstract
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the operative procedure for neuroendoscope-assisted microscopic resection of petroclival meningioma to improve prognosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve patients with petroclival meningioma who had undergone neuroendoscope-assisted microscopic resection at the Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected. In addition, 12 patients with petroclival meningioma who had undergone microscopic surgery were used as control. Clinical data from the 24 cases of petroclival meningioma were analyzed.
RESULTS: For the neuroendoscope-assisted group, six, five, and one cases were respectively subjected to total resection, subtotal resection, and most resection. For the microscopic surgery group, two, three, and seven cases were respectively subjected to total resection, subtotal resection, and most resection. Both the total and subtotal resection rates of petroclival meningioma in the neuroendoscope-assisted group were significantly higher than those in the microscopic surgery group (p < 0.05). No difference was observed for short-term and long-term complications (p > 0.05) between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: Neuroendoscope-assisted microscopic resection for petroclival meningioma can improve the total and subtotal resection rates of the tumor. Moreover, this method does not increase postoperative short-term and long-term complications.

PMID: 26014005 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Intracranial plasmacytoma with hypoglossal nerve palsy in multiple myeloma.

http:--highwire.stanford.edu-icons-exter

Intracranial plasmacytoma with hypoglossal nerve palsy in multiple myeloma.

Postgrad Med J. 2015 Mar;91(1073):174-5

Authors: Sin WY, Grant I

PMID: 25740318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Comparison of lateral microsurgical preauricular and anterior endoscopic approaches to the jugular foramen.

Comparison of lateral microsurgical preauricular and anterior endoscopic approaches to the jugular foramen.

J Laryngol Otol. 2015 Mar;129 Suppl 2:S12-20

Authors: Komune N, Komune S, Matsushima K, Rhoton AL

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This project compares access to the anterolateral part of the jugular foramen provided by the lateral microsurgical preauricular and the anterior endoscopic approaches, and defines the important landmarks involved in each approach.
STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study.
RESULTS: The endoscopic transnasal/transmaxillary transpterygoid corridor provides a less invasive route for selected lesions in the jugular foramen than the traditional open route through the preauricular subtemporal infratemporal fossa approach. However, the anterior endoscopic approach provides a smaller channel to the jugular foramen than the preauricular approach.
CONCLUSIONS: The anterior endoscopic approach to the anterolateral part of the jugular foramen is a useful alternative to the lateral microsurgical preauricular approach in carefully selected cases. The vaginal process of the tympanic part of the temporal bone provides a valuable landmark to aid in accessing the jugular foramen in both procedures and can be drilled to open the foramen in the preauricular approach.

PMID: 25706154 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Infiltration with lidocaine and adrenaline instead of normal saline does not improve the septoplasty procedure.

Infiltration with lidocaine and adrenaline instead of normal saline does not improve the septoplasty procedure.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Dec 29;

Authors: Gungor V, Baklaci D, Kum RO, Yilmaz YF, Ozcan M, Unal A

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether infiltration of local anesthetics with adrenaline improved septoplasty procedure when compared to normal saline. Eight-two patients undergoing septoplasty were randomized into two groups. In group 1, septal mucoperichondrium was infiltrated with lidocaine with adrenaline, and normal saline was used in group 2. Presence of intra-operative septal mucosal injuries, the amount of bleeding, arterial blood pressure, operation time as well as the quality of the surgical field and the convenience of finding the correct surgical plane as determined by the surgeon using a 5-point scale were compared between two groups. There were no significant differences for the amount of blood loss, mean arterial pressure, operation time, or scores for convenience of finding the correct surgical plane between the two groups. There was no significant difference for intra-operative simple (P = 0.631) and total (simple+severe) (P = 0.649) septal mucoperichondrial injuries between groups 1 and 2, either. However, severe mucoperichondrial injury rate was higher in the patients infiltrated with lidocaine and adrenaline (P = 0.026), and the quality of the surgical field was worse in the patients injected with normal saline (P = 0.0179). Infiltration of septal mucoperichondrium with lidocaine and adrenaline instead of normal saline was not advantageous in terms of objective parameters tested, including bleeding amount and duration of surgery as well as the of the total mucosal injury rate in septoplasty procedure.

PMID: 26714803 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Atmosphere, Vol. 7, Pages 5: Variation Characteristics of Rainfall in the Pre-Flood Season of South China and Its Correlation with Sea Surface Temperature of Pacific

The characteristics of rainfall variation in the pre-flood season of South China (PFSSC) and its correlation with the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Pacific are studied in this paper. The results show that in the last 50 years, rainfall in PFSSC clearly has interannual and interdecadal oscillations, primarily in the 4a and 8a cycles. Interannual correlation analysis indicate that the rainfall in PFSSC displays a significantly negative correlation with the SST of the warm pool region in January–March and April–June. The interdecadal correlation analysis reveals that the rainfall in PFSSC is negatively correlated to the SST of the warm pool region, but has a significant positive interdecadal correlation with the Middle Eastern Pacific Ocean. For NINO1 + 2 and NINO3 regions, when the background ocean temperature is warm, the SST is significantly positively correlated to the rainfall in PFSSC; however, when the background ocean temperature is cold, there is no significant correlation between the two, even the correlation coefficients are negative. For the warm pool region, the SST demonstrates a significantly negative correlation to the rainfall in PFSSC, which is not dependent on the background SST. It is a remarkable fact that under the different SST backgrounds, the interannual variation of SST will bring different atmospheric response, and it is the reason that under the warm SST background, the correlation is more significant between the SST in tropical Pacific and the rainfall in PFSSC. Under the background of global warming, more attention should be given to study the rainfall in PFSSC and its correlation with the SST in the eastern tropical Pacific.

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Membranes, Vol. 6, Pages 6: Analytical and Finite Element Modeling of Nanomembranes for Miniaturized, Continuous Hemodialysis

Hemodialysis involves large, periodic treatment doses using large-area membranes. If the permeability of dialysis membranes could be increased, it would reduce the necessary dialyzer size and could enable a wearable device that administers a continuous, low dose treatment of chronic kidney disease. This paper explores the application of ultrathin silicon membranes to this purpose, by way of analytical and finite element models of diffusive and convective transport of plasma solutes during hemodialysis, which we show to be predictive of experimental results. A proof-of-concept miniature nanomembrane dialyzer design is then proposed and analytically predicted to clear uremic toxins at near-ideal levels, as measured by several markers of dialysis adequacy. This work suggests the feasibility of miniature nanomembrane-based dialyzers that achieve therapeutic levels of uremic toxin clearance for patients with kidney failure.

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Molecules, Vol. 21, Pages 30: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Effect of Some Novel 1,2-Dihydropyridin-3-carbonitrile and Nicotinonitrile Derivatives

1-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)propen-1-one (1) was prepared and reacted with an active methylene compound (ethyl cyanoacetate) in the presence of ammonium acetate to give the corresponding cyanopyridone 2. Compound 2 reacted with hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile, ethyl bromoacetate and phosphorous oxychloride to afford compounds 4 and 7–11, respectively. The 2-chloropyridine derivative 11 reacted with different primary amines, namely benzyl amine, piperonyl amine, 1-phenylethyl amine, and/or the secondary amines 2-methyl-pipridine and morpholine to give the corresponding derivatives 12–15. Hydrazinolysis of chloropyridine derivative 11 with hydrazine hydrate afforded the corresponding hydrazino derivative 17. Condensation of compound 17 with ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, isatin and different aldehydes gave the corresponding derivatives 18–21. Some of newly synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity against three tumor cell lines. The results indicated that compounds 8 and 16 showed the best results, exhibiting the highest inhibitory effects towards the three tumor cell lines, which were higher than that of the reference doxorubicin and these compounds were non-cytotoxic towards normal cells (IC50 values > 100 μg/mL).

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IJERPH, Vol. 13, Pages 95: Racial Differences in Length of Stay for Patients Who Leave Against Medical Advice from U.S. General Hospitals

There is a paucity of published literature on the length of hospital stays (LOS) for patients who leave against medical advice (AMA) and on the factors that predict their LOS. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between race and the LOS for AMA patients after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics. National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data were used to describe LOS for AMA patients aged 18 years or older. Patient characteristics included age, sex, race, marital status, insurance, and diagnosis (ICD-9-CM). Hospital characteristics consisted of ownership, region and bed size. LOS was the major outcome measure. Using data from all years 1988–2006, the expected time to AMA discharge was first examined as a function of race, then adjusting for year terms, patient and hospital characteristics, and major medical diagnoses and mental illness. The unadjusted effect of race on the expected time of leaving AMA was about twice the adjusted effect. After controlling for the other covariates, the expected time to AMA discharge is 20% shorter for Blacks than Whites. The most significant predictors included age, insurance coverage, mental illness, gender, and region. Factors identified in this study offer insights into directions for evidence based- health policy to reduce AMA discharges.

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Atmosphere, Vol. 7, Pages 4: Multi-Scale Observations of Atmosphere Environment and Aerosol Properties over North China during APEC Meeting Periods

This paper reveals a study on air pollution process over North China, applying remote sensing technology, using satellite observation and in situ measurements during the twenty-first Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting, which was held in Beijing between 6 and 12 November when the clear weather was called "APEC-Blue". In the meantime, pollutants concentrations including PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing were lower than 100 μg/m3 owing to the effective government measures and policies, as well as meteorological conditions. High aerosol loading (AOD > 1) was observed over south of Beijing and vertical observations showed that the pollutants were prominent near the land surface. Different from the meeting period, high pollutants concentrations with explosive growth (the values of PM2.5 and PM10 peaking at 291 μg/m3 and 360 μg/m3 respectively) appeared over Beijing after the meeting period, accompanied by strong temperature inversion and high Relative Humidity (RH) values. The pollution particles transferred from Beijing area to south part of North China. Otherwise, fine-mode particles with strong absorption characteristic (UVAI > 1.5, AOD > 1) covered the Beijing sky in the meantime, indicating the existence of black carbon aerosols.

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Atmosphere, Vol. 7, Pages 6: Comprehensive Evaluation of High-Resolution Satellite-Based Precipitation Products over China

Characterizing the errors in satellite-based precipitation estimation products is crucial for understanding their effects in hydrological applications. Six precipitation products derived from three algorithms are comprehensively evaluated against gauge data over mainland China from December 2006 to November 2010. These products include three satellite-only estimates: the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Microwave-IR Combined Product (GSMaP_MVK), the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) MORPHing (CMORPH), and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), as well as their gauge-corrected counterparts: the GSMaP Gauge-calibrated Product (GSMaP_Gauge), bias-corrected CMORPH (CMORPH_CRT), and PERSIANN Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR). Overall, the bias-correction procedures largely reduce various errors for the three groups of satellite-based precipitation products. GSMaP_Gauge produces better fractional coverage with the highest correlation (0.95) and the lowest RMSE (0.53 mm/day) but also high RB (15.77%). In general, CMORPH_CRT amounts are closer to the gauge reference. CMORPH shows better performance than GSMaP_MVK and PERSIANN with the highest CC (0.82) and the lowest RMSE (0.93 mm/day), but also presents a relatively high RB (−19.60%). In winter, all six satellite precipitation estimates have comparatively poor capability, with the IR-based PERSIANN_CDR exhibiting the closest performance to the gauge reference. Both satellite-only and gauge-corrected satellite products show poor capability in detecting occurrence of precipitation with a low POD (<50%) and CSI (<35%) and a high FAR (>40%).

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Molecules, Vol. 21, Pages 54: DNA Binding, Photonuclease Activity and Human Serum Albumin Interaction of a Water-Soluble Freebase Carboxyl Corrole

The DNA binding property of 5,10,15-Tris(4-carboxyphenyl) corrole (TCPC) was studied by UV-Visible, fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic methods. TCPC can bind to ct-DNA via an outside binding mode with the binding constant of Kb = 1.05 × 105 M−1. TCPC also displayed good photonuclease activity, which involves singlet oxygen species (1O2). The binding constant between TCPC and human serum albumin (HSA) is KA = 2.24 × 105 M−1 with a simulated binding distance of 2.06 nm. The fluorescence quenching of HSA by TCPC followed a static quenching process. Site marker competitive displacement experiments indicated that warfarin site I is the main binding site. The secondary structure of HSA was changed upon interaction with TCPC, which was confirmed by UV-Visible and CD spectroscopy.

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Entropy, Vol. 18, Pages 17: Three-Dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Liquid Water Transport in Porous Layer of PEMFC

A three-dimensional two-phase lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is implemented and validated for qualitative study of the fundamental phenomena of liquid water transport in the porous layer of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In the present study, the three-dimensional microstructures of a porous layer are numerically reconstructed by a random generation method. The LBM simulations focus on the effects of the porous layer porosity and boundary liquid saturation on liquid water transport in porous materials. Numerical results confirm that liquid water transport is strongly affected by the microstructures in a porous layer, and the transport process prefers the large pores as its main pathway. The preferential transport phenomenon is more profound with a decreased porous layer porosity and/or boundary liquid saturation. In the transport process, the breakup of a liquid water stream can occur under certain conditions, leading to the formation of liquid droplets inside the porous layer. This phenomenon is related to the connecting bridge or neck resistance dictated by the surface tension, and happens more frequently with a smaller porous layer porosity. Results indicate that an optimized design of porous layer porosity and the combination of various pore sizes may improve both the liquid water removal and gaseous reactant transport in the porous layer of a PEMFC.

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On the stiffness of demineralized dentin matrices

Publication date: Available online 30 December 2015
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Heonjune Ryou, Gianluca Turco, Lorenzo Breschi, Franklin R. Tay, David H. Pashley, Dwayne Arola
Resin bonding to dentin requires the use of self-etching primers or acid etching to decalcify the surface and expose a layer of collagen fibrils of the dentin matrix. Acid-etching reduces the stiffness of demineralized dentin from approximately 19GPa–1MPa, requiring that it floats in water to prevent it from collapsing during bonding procedures. Several publications show that crosslinking agents like gluteraladehyde, carbodiimide or grape seed extract can stiffen collagen and improve resin–dentin bond strength.ObjectiveThe objective was to assess a new approach for evaluating the changes in stiffness of decalcified dentin by polar solvents and a collagen cross-linker.MethodsFully demineralized dentin beams and sections of etched coronal dentin were subjected to indentation loading using a cylindrical flat indenter in water, and after treatment with ethanol or ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). The stiffness was measured as a function of strain and as a function of loading rate from 1 to 50μm/s.ResultsAt a strain of 0.25% the elastic modulus of the fully demineralized dentin was approximately 0.20MPa. It increased to over 0.90MPa at strains of 1%. Exposure to ethanol caused an increase in elastic modulus of up to four times. Increasing the loading rate from 1 to 50μm/s caused an increase in the apparent modulus of up to three times in both water and ethanol. EDC treatment caused increases in the stiffness in fully demineralized samples and in acid-etched demineralized dentin surfaces in situ.SignificanceChanges in the mechanical behavior of demineralized collagen matrices can be measured effectively under hydration via indentation with cylindrical flat indenters. This approach can be used for quantifying the effects of bonding treatments on the properties of decalcified dentin after acid etching, as well as to follow the loss of stiffness over time due to enzymatic degradation.

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The effect of TiO2 concentration on properties of apatite-mullite glass-ceramics for dental use

Publication date: Available online 30 December 2015
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Hawa M. Fathi, Anthony Johnson
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TiO2 concentration on the properties of apatite-mullite glass-ceramics namely strength and the chemical solubility to comply with the ISO standard recommendations for dental ceramics (BS EN ISO 6872-2008) [1].MethodsTen novel glass-ceramic materials were produced based on the general formula (4.5SiO2-3Al2O3-1.5P2O5-3CaO-CaF2-xTiO2) where x varied from 0.5 to 5wt%. Glass with no TiO2 added (HG1T0.0) was used as a reference. Discs of 12mm diameter and 1.6mm (±0.2mm) thickness were prepared for both biaxial flexural strength (BFS) and chemical solubility testing, in accordance with the BS EN ISO 6872-2008 [1] for dental ceramics. All produced materials were investigated using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) was also carried out on some samples to identify the element composition of samples.ResultsIncreasing the concentration of TiO2 from 0.5wt% to 2wt% significantly (P<0.05) increased the chemical solubility of the material. With the material containing 2.5wt% of TiO2, the solubility significantly reduced (P<0.05) and resulted in a solubility value of 228.3μm/cm2 and BFS value of 197.9MPa. Increasing the TiO2 concentration more than 2.5wt%, led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in solubility and a reduction in BFS.ConclusionsTiO2 is an effective agent for improving the durability and the mechanical properties of an apatite-mullite glass-ceramic only up to 2.5wt% concentration.

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Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in Göttingen Minipigs

Publication date: Available online 31 December 2015
Source:Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Dominik Dziewiecki, Sander van de Loo, Felix Gremse, Anita Kloss-Brandstätter, Frank Kloss, Vincent Offermanns, Kensuke Yamauchi, Peter Kessler, Bernd Lethaus
Periosteal distraction or elevation has been known as an experimental method to induce new bone formation. Although it uses the principles of distraction osteogenesis no further osteotomy is necessary. The purpose of this study was to test degradable PDLLA (poly-DL-lactide), PGA (polyglygolic acid) and non degradable (titanium) devices in a calvarian model in Göttingen Minipigs and to evaluate the point of origin of the new bone formation. All degradable devices collapsed to a certain extent within the observation time but osteoneogenesis took place in all materials after a consolidation time of 2, 4 and 6 weeks after implantation above and under the devices. No statistical significant differences between the materials were found. However, most bone formation took place in the space under the periosteum and above the devices (p<0.001). Periosteal elevation can produce new bone formation with degradable devices, which derives from the periosteum and the underlying bone. In this interaction the periosteum seems to contain the larger share.

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Introducing a protocol to create Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat animal model

Publication date: Available online 31 December 2015
Source:Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Mohammad Zandi, Arash Dehghan, Hamid Malekzadeh, Pejman Janbaz, Khaled Ghadermarzi, Payam Amini
ObjectivePreviously published animal investigations on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) showed a variety of methods for BRONJ induction and inconsistent findings. The aim of present study was to develop a reliable protocol for BRONJ induction in rat animal model.Subjects and methodsIn a pilot study, 64 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and 16 subgroups (each containing 2 experimental and 2 control rats) based on the timing of tooth extraction and euthanasia. The experimental and control rats received intraperitoneal injection of 0.06 mg/kg zoledronate and saline, respectively, once a week until sacrificed, and evaluated for presence of bone exposure clinically, and osteonecrosis and new bone formation histologically. The protocol that successfully produced BRONJ in pilot study was tested in a randomized controlled experimental investigation using 45 rats.ResultsIn pilot investigation, the highest rate of BRONJ was obtained after four weekly zoledronate injections, at least 4 weeks after tooth extraction. The randomized controlled experimental study verified this finding with a success rate of 83%, and also showed that more prolongation of zoledronate therapy did not increase the BRONJ rate.ConclusionThe protocol developed in the present study could be used reliably for future BRONJ investigations on rats.

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YouTube as a source of information on mouth (oral) cancer

Abstract

Objectives

We examined the content of YouTube ™ videos on mouth (oral) cancer, and evaluated their usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer.

Material and methods

A systematic search of YouTube ™ for videos containing information on mouth cancer was conducted using the keywords 'mouth cancer' and 'oral cancer'. Demographics of videos, including type, source, length, and viewers' interaction, were evaluated, and three researchers independently assessed the videos for usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer.

Results

A total of 188 You Tube ™ videos (152 patient- oriented educational videos and 36testimonial videos) were analyzed. The overall usefulness score ranged from 0 to 10 (mean=3.56 ±2.44). The most useful videos ranked late on the viewing list, and there was no significant correlation between video usefulness and viewing rate, viewers' interaction, and video length. Videos uploaded by individual users were less useful compared to videos uploaded by professional organizations or by health care professionals.

Conclusion

ealth care professionals, academic institutions and professional organizations have a responsibility for improving the content of YouTube ™ about mouth cancer by uploading useful videos, and directing patients to reliable information sources.

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Presumed Arterial Gas Embolism After Breath-Hold Diving in Shallow Water.

Presumed Arterial Gas Embolism After Breath-Hold Diving in Shallow Water.

Pediatrics. 2015 Sep;136(3):e687-90

Authors: Harmsen S, Schramm D, Karenfort M, Christaras A, Euler M, Mayatepek E, Tibussek D

Abstract
Dive-related injuries are relatively common, but almost exclusively occur in recreational or scuba diving. We report 2 children with acute central nervous system complications after breath-hold diving. A 12-year-old boy presented with unilateral leg weakness and paresthesia after diving beneath the water surface for a distance of ∼25 m. After ascent, he suddenly felt extreme thoracic pain that resolved spontaneously. Neurologic examination revealed right leg weakness and sensory deficits with a sensory level at T5. Spinal MRI revealed a nonenhancing T2-hyperintense lesion in the central cord at the level of T1/T2 suggesting a spinal cord edema. A few weeks later, a 13-year-old girl was admitted with acute dizziness, personality changes, confusion, and headache. Thirty minutes before, she had practiced diving beneath the water surface for a distance of ∼25 m. After stepping out, she felt sudden severe thoracic pain and lost consciousness. Shortly later she reported headache and vertigo, and numbness of the complete left side of her body. Neurologic examination revealed reduced sensibility to all modalities, a positive Romberg test, and vertigo. Cerebral MRI revealed no pathologic findings. Both children experienced a strikingly similar clinical course. The chronology of events strongly suggests that both patients were suffering from arterial gas embolism. This condition has been reported for the first time to occur in children after breath-hold diving beneath the water surface without glossopharyngeal insufflation.

PMID: 26260715 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

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Lateral canal BPPV with Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus masquerading as vestibular neuritis in acute vertigo: a series of 273 cases.

http:--ebooks.iospress.nl-content-images

Lateral canal BPPV with Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus masquerading as vestibular neuritis in acute vertigo: a series of 273 cases.

J Vestib Res. 2014;24(5-6):343-9

Authors: Asprella-Libonati G

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of Lateral Semicircular Canal BPPV (LSC BPPV) with Pseudo-Spontaneous Nystagmus in patients preliminarily diagnosed for vestibular neuritis in the Emergency Department (ED).
METHODS: Retrospective study of 273 patients with acute vertigo and persistent horizontal nystagmus in upright position (male 110, female 163, 14-93 years old) observed over four years. All the patients were checked for any nystagmus modification by performing the Head Pitch Test (HPT) in the upright position.
RESULTS: The HPT modified the beating direction of the persistent horizontal nystagmus in 56 of the 273 examined patients. The positioning tests subsequently confirmed the diagnosis of LSC BPPV in all those 56 patients. There were 37 geotropic variants and 19 apogeotropic variants and all of them were successfully treated by performing liberatory manoeuvres in the course of the same session.
CONCLUSION: Performing the HPT in the upright position helps to differentiate a direction fixed nystagmus from a direction changing one, and in so doing, to make the differential diagnosis between vestibular neuritis and LSC BPPV, achieving the goal of successfully treating LSC BPPV in the first session.

PMID: 25564076 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

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Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in Göttingen Minipigs

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Introducing a protocol to create Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat animal model

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A Comparative Study Between Smartphone-Based Microscopy and Conventional Light Microscopy in 1021 Dermatopathology Specimens.

A Comparative Study Between Smartphone-Based Microscopy and Conventional Light Microscopy in 1021 Dermatopathology Specimens.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Jan;140(1):86-90

Authors: Jahan-Tigh RR, Chinn GM, Rapini RP

Abstract
Context .- The incorporation of high-resolution cameras into smartphones has allowed for a variety of medical applications including the use of lens attachments that provide telescopic, macroscopic, and dermatoscopic data, but the feasibility and performance characteristics of such a platform for use in dermatopathology have not been described. Objective .- To determine the diagnostic performance of a smartphone microscope compared to traditional light microscopy in dermatopathology specimens. Design .- A simple smartphone microscope constructed with a 3-mm ball lens was used to prospectively evaluate 1021 consecutive dermatopathology cases in a blinded fashion. Referred, consecutive specimens from the community were evaluated at a single university hospital. The performance characteristics of the smartphone platform were calculated by using conventional light microscopy as the gold standard. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancers, and other miscellaneous conditions by the phone microscopy platform, as compared with traditional light microscopy, were calculated. Results .- For basal cell carcinoma (n = 136), the sensitivity and specificity of smartphone microscopy were 95.6% and 98.1%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for squamous cell carcinoma (n = 94) were 89.4% and 97.3%, respectively. The lowest sensitivity was found in melanoma (n = 15) at 60%, although the specificity was high at 99.1%. The accuracy of diagnosis of inflammatory conditions and other neoplasms was variable. Conclusions .- Mobile phone-based microscopy has excellent performance characteristics for the inexpensive diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancers in a setting where a traditional microscope is not available.

PMID: 26717060 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Duodenal Gangliocytic Paraganglioma With Lymph Node Metastasis.

Duodenal Gangliocytic Paraganglioma With Lymph Node Metastasis.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Jan;140(1):94-98

Authors: Park HK, Han HS

Abstract
Gangliocytic paraganglioma is a rare tumor that occurs most commonly in the second portion of the duodenum. It is characterized by its triphasic cellular differentiation: epithelioid neuroendocrine cells, spindle cells with Schwann cell differentiation, and ganglion cells. Most gangliocytic paragangliomas are considered benign and are amenable to local excision. However, to our knowledge, 23 cases with lymph node metastasis have been reported, 1 case of bone metastasis, and 2 cases of liver metastases. Predictive factors that have been suggested for lymph node metastasis include size (larger than 2 cm), young age, and tumors exceeding the submucosal layer. Our objective was to review the clinical features, the histopathologic characteristics, and the differential diagnosis of gangliocytic paraganglioma and to discuss the value of the predictive factors for lymph node metastasis.

PMID: 26717062 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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On the stiffness of demineralized dentin matrices

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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Intracerebral Hemorrhages at Various Stages

Purpose

To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) at various stages by applying quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Materials and Methods

Blood susceptibility was measured serially using QSM after venous blood withdrawal from healthy subjects. Forty-two patients who provided written consent were recruited in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. Gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of the 42 patients (17 females; 64 ± 12 years) with ICH were processed with QSM. The susceptibilities of various blood products within hematomas were measured on QSM.

Results

Blood susceptibility continually increased and reached a plateau 96 hours after venous blood withdrawal. Hematomas at all stages were consistently hyperintense on QSM. Susceptibility was 0.57 ± 0.48, 1.30 ± 0.33, 1.14 ± 0.46, 0.40 ± 0.13, and 0.71 ± 0.31 ppm for hyperacute, acute, early subacute, late subacute, and chronic stages of hematomas, respectively. The susceptibility decrease from early subacute (1.14 ppm) to late subacute (0.4 ppm) was significant (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

QSM reveals positive susceptibility in hyperacute hematomas, indicating that even at their hyperacute stage, deoxyhemoglobin may exist throughout the hematoma volume, not just at its rim, as seen on conventional inline image imaging. QSM also reveals a reduction of susceptibility from early subacute to late subacute ICH, suggesting that methemoglobin concentration decreases at the late subacute stage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

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Signal decay mapping of myocardial edema using dual-contrast fast spin-echo MRI

Purpose

To introduce a dual-contrast fast spin-echo (dcFSE) sequence for signal decay mapping of myocardial edema.

Materials and Methods

After consultation with the Institutional Review Board, 22 acute myocardial infarction (MI) patients were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5T 2 days after revascularization. Edema was evaluated in 16 myocardial segments with an exponential fit for signal decay time (SDT) in dcFSE mapping and T2 signal intensity ratio for single-contrast FSE. Myocardial viability was evaluated in late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). A control group of 10 volunteers was examined for edema imaging. SDT was compared in segment groups: 1) with LGE in MI, 2) penumbra, 3) remote from LGE, 4) controls. Groups 1/3 and 3/4 were tested on difference. Three phantoms providing similar T2 but different T1 relaxation times (low, intermediate, high) were examined with dcFSE and multicontrast spin echo sequence as a reference.

Results

The SDT/T2ratio for segment groups was 1) 82msec/1.7 in segments with LGE; 2) 65msec/1.6 for penumbra, 3) 62msec/1.7 for remote segments, and 4) 50msec/1.6 in controls. In dcFSE group 1/3 (P < 0.0001) and in group 3/4 (P = 0.0002) SDT was significantly different. In single-contrast FSE the T2ratio was not significantly different for both tests: 1/3 P = 0.1889; 3/4 P = 0.8879. T2-overestimation of dcFSE was 23% in low, 29% in intermediate, and 35% in highly T1 contaminated phantoms.

Conclusion

dcFSE signal decay edema mapping is feasible in volunteers and patients. DcFSE SDT is superior to T2ratio for detection of high-grade and diffuse myocardial edema. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

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The effect of TiO2 concentration on properties of apatite-mullite glass-ceramics for dental use

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Complication rates in sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma.

Complication rates in sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015 Dec 17;

Authors: Smith JR, Wilson AD

PMID: 26715555 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Selective otolith dysfunctions objectively verified.

Selective otolith dysfunctions objectively verified.

J Vestib Res. 2014;24(5-6):365-73

Authors: Manzari L, MacDougall HG, Burgess AM, Curthoys IS

Abstract
Vertigo and vigorous horizontal spontaneous nystagmus in a presenting patient is usually taken to indicate unilaterally reduced horizontal canal function. However here we report results which question that presumption. In three such patients with an acute vestibular syndrome, complete testing of all peripheral vestibular sense organs using new tests of canal and otolith function (vHIT and VEMPs) showed that semicircular canal function was normal, but that there were unilateral otolithic deficits which probably caused their acute syndrome.

PMID: 25564079 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

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A reversible cause of longitudinally extensive transverse myelopathy: question.

A reversible cause of longitudinally extensive transverse myelopathy: question.

J Clin Neurosci. 2015 Nov;22(11):1809, 1852

Authors: Pinto WB, Souza PV, Oliveira AS

PMID: 26716140 [PubMed]

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Volpara™ as a measurement tool for breast volume.

Volpara™ as a measurement tool for breast volume.

J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015 Dec 17;

Authors: Teo I, Whelehan P, Macaskill JE, Vinnicombe S, Munnoch DA, Evans A

PMID: 26715554 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Vestibular functions of hereditary hearing loss patients with GJB2 mutations.

http:--misc.karger.com-LinkOutIcons-sk_n

Vestibular functions of hereditary hearing loss patients with GJB2 mutations.

Audiol Neurootol. 2015;20(3):147-52

Authors: Tsukada K, Fukuoka H, Usami S

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Mutations in the GJB2 gene have been of particular interest as it is the most common causative gene for congenital deafness in all populations. Detailed audiological features, including genotype-phenotype correlations, have been well documented. However, in spite of abundant gene as well as protein expression in the vestibular end organs, neither vestibular symptoms nor vestibular functions have yet been elucidated. In the present study, vestibular functions were evaluated in patients diagnosed with GJB2-related deafness.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Vestibular functions were evaluated by caloric test and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) testing in 24 patients with biallelic GJB2 mutations.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Twenty-one of 23 patients (91.3%) had normal caloric responses and significantly lower cVEMP amplitudes than the control subjects. In the patients who were able to undergo vestibular testing, the mostly normal reactions to caloric testing indicated that the lateral semicircular canal was intact. However, the majority of GJB2 patients showed low cVEMP reactions, indicating a saccular defect.

PMID: 25824904 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]

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Advances in the knowledge of breast Cancer Stem Cells. A Review.

Advances in the knowledge of breast Cancer Stem Cells. A Review.

Histol Histopathol. 2015 Dec 30;0(0):11718

Authors: Schwarz-Cruz Y Celis A, Espinosa M, Maldonado V, Melendez-Zajgla J

Abstract
Much effort has been made by researchers to elucidate the complex biology of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), a small subset of breast tumor cells that display stem cell properties, drive tumor initiation, and growth. In recent years, it has been suggested that BCSCs could be responsible for the process of metastasis and the development of drug resistance. These findings make the need to find the distinguishing blend of markers that can recognize only BCSCs of the utmost importance in order to be able to design new targeted therapies. This review will summarize BCSCs' main features as well as the cell surface markers that are currently used to identify them.

PMID: 26715540 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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upper respiratory tract infection; +18 new citations

18 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

upper respiratory tract infection

These pubmed results were generated on 2015/12/31

PubMed comprises more than 24 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

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Clinical Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Microbleeds After Thrombolytic Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.

Clinical Outcome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With Microbleeds After Thrombolytic Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Dec;94(52):e2379

Authors: Cai J, Fu J, Yan S, Hu H, Lin C

Abstract
It remains unclear whether preexisting cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) increase the risks of worse functional outcome after thrombolytic therapy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the risk of unfavorable outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke and CMBs.We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science for relevant studies assessing functional outcome in the patients with CMBs following thrombolytic therapy. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were performed.Five eligible studies including 1974 patients were pooled in meta-analysis. The prevalence of CMBs was 24.3%. The pooled analysis demonstrates odds ratio for preexisting CMBs and the achievement of favorable outcome to be 0.69 (95% CI 0.56-0.86; P = 0.001) with no evidence of statistical heterogeneity (I = 46.7%, P = 0.112).Our meta-analysis of available published data demonstrates an increased risk of worse functional outcome after thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke in patients with pre-existing CMBs. Future studies are needed to determine whether the risk outweigh the expected benefit of reperfusion therapies.

PMID: 26717385 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]

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Usual walking speed and all-cause mortality risk in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: February 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 44
Author(s): Bing Liu, Xinhua Hu, Qiang Zhang, Yichuan Fan, Jun Li, Rui Zou, Ming Zhang, Xiuqi Wang, Junpeng Wang
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between slow usual walking speed and all-cause mortality risk in older people by conducting a meta-analysis. We searched through the Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library database up to March 2015. Only prospective observational studies that investigating the usual walking speed and all-cause mortality risk in older adulthood approaching age 65 years or more were included. Walking speed should be specifically assessed as a single-item tool over a short distance. Pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed for the lowest versus the highest usual walking speed category. A total of 9 studies involving 12,901 participants were included. Meta-analysis with random effect model showed that the pooled adjusted RR of all-cause mortality was 1.89 (95% CI 1.46–2.46) comparing the lowest to the highest usual walk speed. Subgroup analyses indicated that risk of all-cause mortality for slow usual walking speed appeared to be not significant among women (RR 1.45; 95% CI 0.95–2.20). Slow usual walking speed is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in men but not in women among older adulthood approaching age 65 years or more.

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Usual walking speed and all-cause mortality risk in older people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Rupture of the sheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon in a patient affected by rheumatoid arthritis

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Signal decay mapping of myocardial edema using dual-contrast fast spin-echo MRI

Purpose

To introduce a dual-contrast fast spin-echo (dcFSE) sequence for signal decay mapping of myocardial edema.

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusion

dcFSE signal decay edema mapping is feasible in volunteers and patients. DcFSE SDT is superior to T2ratio for detection of high-grade and diffuse myocardial edema. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of Intracerebral Hemorrhages at Various Stages

Purpose

To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH) at various stages by applying quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Materials and Methods

Results

Conclusion

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IJMS, Vol. 17, Pages 56: Redox-Responsive Porphyrin-Based Polysilsesquioxane Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer Cells

The development of stimulus-responsive photosensitizer delivery systems that carry a high payload of photosensitizers is of great importance in photodynamic therapy. In this study, redox-responsive polysilsesquioxane nanoparticles (PSilQNPs) built by a reverse microemulsion approach using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) silane derivatives as building blocks, were successfully fabricated. The structural properties of TCPP-PSilQNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS)/ζ-potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The photophysical properties were determined by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The quantity of singlet oxygen generated in solution was measured using 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran. The redox-responsive release of TCPP molecules was successfully demonstrated in solution in the presence of a reducing agent. The internalization of TCPP-PSilQNPs in cancer cells was investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Phototoxicity experiments in vitro showed that the redox-responsive TCPP-PSilQNPs exhibited an improved phototherapeutic effect on cervical cancer cells compared to a non-responsive TCPP-PSilQNP control material.

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Villous Adenoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Brief Review of the Literature.

Villous Adenoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Brief Review of the Literature.

Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Jan;140(1):91-93

Authors: Wang J, Manucha V

Abstract
Villous adenoma is a rare neoplasm in the urinary tract. It usually occurs in patients older than 50 years with a male predominance. The affected patients typically present with hematuria, irritative voiding symptoms, and mucosuria. The malignant potential of this entity has not been established, but some of the case series studies on bladder villous adenoma do suggest a possible association with malignant tumors. Findings on ultrasonography, computed tomographic scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, or on cystoscopic examination are nonspecific. Therefore, villous adenoma of the bladder is primarily a histologic diagnosis. This review will highlight the current theories on its pathogenesis and discuss its main histologic and immunohistochemical features to aid the diagnosis.

PMID: 26717061 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in Göttingen Minipigs

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YouTube as a source of information on mouth (oral) cancer

Abstract

Objectives

We examined the content of YouTube ™ videos on mouth (oral) cancer, and evaluated their usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer.

Material and methods

Results

Conclusion

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Introducing a protocol to create Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat animal model

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YouTube as a source of information on mouth (oral) cancer

Abstract

Objectives

We examined the content of YouTube ^™ videos on mouth (oral) cancer, and evaluated their usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer.

Material and methods

A systematic search of YouTube ^™ for videos containing information on mouth cancer was conducted using the keywords 'mouth cancer' and 'oral cancer'. Demographics of videos, including type, source, length, and viewers' interaction, were evaluated, and three researchers independently assessed the videos for usefulness in promoting early detection of oral cancer.

Results

A total of 188 You Tube ^™ videos (152 patient- oriented educational videos and 36testimonial videos) were analyzed. The overall usefulness score ranged from 0 to 10 (mean=3.56 ±2.44). The most useful videos ranked late on the viewing list, and there was no significant correlation between video usefulness and viewing rate, viewers' interaction, and video length. Videos uploaded by individual users were less useful compared to videos uploaded by professional organizations or by health care professionals.

Conclusion

ealth care professionals, academic institutions and professional organizations have a responsibility for improving the content of YouTube ^™ about mouth cancer by uploading useful videos, and directing patients to reliable information sources.

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Osteoneogenesis due to periosteal elevation with degradable and nondegradable devices in Göttingen Minipigs

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Introducing a protocol to create Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in rat animal model

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Silent Cancer Therapeutic Market: Segmented By – Type- Tumors, brain, mouth … – Medgadget.com (blog)

Silent Cancer Therapeutic Market: Segmented By – Type- Tumors, brain, mouth …
Medgadget.com (blog)
logo422 Silent cancer refers to those types of cancer which are undiagnosed in early stages. This is due to asymptomatic nature of the disease which makes it difficult to identify the disease till it progresses to advanced stages. Major silent types of …

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Τετάρτη 30 Δεκεμβρίου 2015

Effect of resin and photoinitiator on color, translucency and color stability of conventional and low-shrinkage model composites

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Dragica Manojlovic, Miroslav D. Dramićanin, Maja Lezaja, Pong Pongprueksa, Bart Van Meerbeek, Vesna Miletic
ObjectiveTo study the effect of a low-shrinkage methacrylate monomer and monoacylphosphine oxide photoinitiator on color, translucency, and color stability of model resin-based composites (RBCs).MethodsFour micro-hybrid RBCs were prepared containing barium-glass fillers in bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) or urethane-based low-shrinkage monomer FIT-852 (FIT; Esstech Inc.) and TEGDMA matrix. Camphorquinone (CQ)/amine or Lucirin TPO were used as photoinitiators. Commercial low-shrinkage RBCs (Charisma Diamond, Heraeus Kulzer and N'Durance, Septodont) and conventional RBCs (Tetric EvoCeram, Ivoclar Vivadent and Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) were used as controls. Color and translucency were measured using Thermo Scientific Evolution (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and SpectroShade™ Micro (MHT Optic Research) spectrophotometers. Color stability was evaluated after immersion in black tea (pure, with milk or lemon) and distilled water. Data were analyzed using analyses of variance with Tukey's post-test (α=0.05).ResultsPhotoinitiators had no significant effect on baseline color. Initially whiter FIT-based RBCs showed greater staining in all staining solutions than BisGMA-based RBCs. TPO-containing RBCs showed better color stability than CQ-containing RBCs irrespective of the base monomer. Tea and tea with lemon induced greatest color changes. Adding milk to tea significantly reduced material staining.SignificanceUrethane-based low-shrinkage monomer FIT and conventional BisGMA affected color, translucency and color stability of their respective RBCs. Despite being used in posterior teeth, low-shrinkage RBCs are expected to have favorable optical and esthetic properties. Manufacturers are urged to provide information on optical properties of monomers and monomer mixtures in their low-shrinkage RBCs to allow understanding of interaction with fillers and photoinitiators.

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Novel rechargeable calcium phosphate dental nanocomposite

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Ling Zhang, Michael D. Weir, Laurence C. Chow, Joseph M. Antonucci, Jihua Chen, Hockin H.K. Xu
ObjectivesCalcium phosphate (CaP) composites with Ca and P ion release can remineralize tooth lesions and inhibit caries. But the ion release lasts only a few months. The objectives of this study were to develop rechargeable CaP dental composite for the first time, and investigate the Ca and P recharge and re-release of composites with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) to achieve long-term inhibition of caries.MethodsThree NACP nanocomposites were fabricated with resin matrix of: (1) bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) at 1:1 mass ratio (referred to as BT group); (2) pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM) and ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) at 1:1 ratio (PE group); (3) BisGMA, TEGDMA, and Bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (BisMEP) at 2:1:1 ratio (BTM group). Each resin was filled with 20% NACP and 50% glass particles, and the composite was photo-cured. Specimens were tested for flexural strength and elastic modulus, Ca and P ion release, and Ca and P ion recharge and re-release.ResultsNACP nanocomposites had strengths 3-fold of, and elastic moduli similar to, commercial resin-modified glass ionomer controls. CaP ion recharge capability was the greatest for PE group, followed by BTM group, with BT group being the lowest (p<0.05). For each recharge cycle, CaP re-release reached similarly high levels, showing that CaP re-release did not decrease with more recharge cycles. After six recharge/re-release cycles, NACP nanocomposites without further recharge had continuous CaP ion release for 42 d.SignificanceNovel rechargeable CaP composites achieved long-term and sustained Ca and P ion release. Rechargeable NACP nanocomposite is promising for caries-inhibiting restorations, and the Ca and P ion recharge and re-release method has wide applicability to dental composites, adhesives, cements and sealants to achieve long-term caries-inhibition.

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Mechanisms of degradation of the hybrid layer in adhesive dentistry and therapeutic agents to improve bond durability—A literature review

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Andrea Frassetto, Lorenzo Breschi, Gianluca Turco, Giulio Marchesi, Roberto Di Lenarda, Franklin R. Tay, David H. Pashley, Milena Cadenaro
ObjectiveSuccess in adhesive dentistry means long lasting restorations. However, there is substantial evidence that this ideal objective is not always achieved. Current research in this field aims at increasing the durability of resin–dentin bonds. The objective of this paper is to examine the fundamental processes responsible for the aging mechanisms involved in the degradation of resin-bonded interfaces and the potential approaches to prevent and counteract this degradation.MethodsPubMed searches on the hybrid layer degradation were carried out. Keywords were chosen to assess hybrid layer degradation for providing up-dated information on the basis of scientific coherence with the research objective. Approaches to prevent and counteract this degradation were also reviewed.Results148 peer-review articles in the English language between 1982 and 2015 were reviewed. Literature shows that resin–dentin bond degradation is a complex process, involving the hydrolysis of both the resin and the collagen fibril phases contained within the hybrid layer. Collagen fibers become vulnerable to mechanical and hydraulic fatigue, as well as degradation by host-derived proteases with collagenolytic activity (matrix metalloproteinases and cysteine cathepsins). Inhibition of the collagenolytic activity and the use of cross-linking agents are the two main strategies to increase the resistance of the hybrid layer to enzymatic degradation.SignificanceThis review analyzes the issues regarding the durability of the adhesive interface, and the techniques to create stable resin–dentin bonds able to resist the collagenolytic hydrolysis that are currently studied.

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Novel self-healing dental resin with microcapsules of polymerizable triethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine

Publication date: Available online 29 December 2015
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Junling Wu, Michael D. Weir, Qiang Zhang, Chuanjian Zhou, Mary Anne S. Melo, Hockin H.K. Xu
ObjectiveBulk fracture is one of the primary reasons for resin-based dental restoration failures. To date, there has been no report on the use of polymerizable dental monomers with acceptable biocompatibility to develop a resin with substantial self-healing capability. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a self-healing resin containing microcapsules with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)-N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) healing liquid in poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) shells for the first time, and (2) determine the physical and mechanical properties, self-healing efficiency, and fibroblast cytotoxicity.MethodsMicrocapsules of polymerizable TEGDMA-DHEPT in PUF were prepared via an in situ polymerization method. Microcapsules were added into a BisGMA-TEGDMA resin at microcapsule mass fractions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. A flexural test was used to measure composite strength and elastic modulus. A single edge V-notched beam method was used to measure fracture toughness KIC and self-healing efficiency.ResultsFlexural strength and elastic modulus (mean±sd; n=6) of resin containing 5–15% microcapsules were similar to control without microcapsules (p>0.1). Adding microcapsules into the resin increased the virgin KIC, which was about 40% higher at 15% microcapsules than that with 0% microcapsules (p<0.05). Specimens were fractured and healed, then fractured again to measure the healed KIC. A self-healing efficiency of about 65% in KIC recovery was obtained with 10–20% microcapsules. All specimens with 0–20% microcapsules had fibroblast viability similar to control without resin eluents (p>0.1).SignificanceSelf-healing dental resin containing microcapsules with polymerizable TEGDMA-DHEPT healing liquid in PUF shells were prepared for the first time with excellent self-healing capability. These microcapsules and self-healing resins containing them may be promising for dental restorations to heal cracks/damage and increase durability.

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Αρχειοθήκη ιστολογίου

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Η λίστα ιστολογίων μου

Πέμπτη 31 Δεκεμβρίου 2015

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Τετάρτη 30 Δεκεμβρίου 2015

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