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Table of Contents
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Editorial Board
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Information for readers
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
One phase or two, and Buridan's paradox
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Rolf G. Behrents
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Rolf G. Behrents
Concerns about combining samples
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Tariq Ghazal
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Tariq Ghazal
Authors' response
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Sérgio Estelita Barros, Guilherme Janson, Kelly Chiqueto
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Sérgio Estelita Barros, Guilherme Janson, Kelly Chiqueto
Rapid palatal expansion, with and without alternating constriction
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Akshaya Pandian, M.S. Anjana Devi, Prabhakar Veginadu, Sridevi Padmanabhan
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Akshaya Pandian, M.S. Anjana Devi, Prabhakar Veginadu, Sridevi Padmanabhan
Authors' response
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Weitao Liu, Yanheng Zhou
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Weitao Liu, Yanheng Zhou
Match program
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Arnold J. Hill
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Arnold J. Hill
Authors' response
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Veerasathpurush Allareddy, Sreedevi Srinivasan, Thomas E. Southard
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Veerasathpurush Allareddy, Sreedevi Srinivasan, Thomas E. Southard
Genetic causes vs guidance theory for palatal displacement of canines
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Elbe Peter
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Elbe Peter
Reconsidering "The inappropriateness of conventional cephalometrics"
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Fred L. Bookstein
Of all the articles on cephalometrics this journal has published over the last half-century, the one most cited across the scientific literature is the 1979 lecture "The inappropriateness of conventional cephalometrics" by Robert Moyers and me. But the durable salience of this article is perplexing, as its critique was misdirected (it should have been aimed at the craniometrics of the early twentieth century, not merely the roentgenographic extension used in the orthodontic clinic) and its proposed remedies have all failed to establish themselves as methods of any broad utility. When problems highlighted by Moyers and me have been resolved at all, the innovations that resolved them owe to tools very different from those suggested in our article and imported from fields quite a bit farther from biometrics than we expected back in 1979. One of these tools was the creation de novo of a new abstract mathematical construction, statistical shape space, in the 1980s and 1990s; another was a flexible and intuitive new graphic, the thin-plate spline, for meaningfully and suggestively visualizing a wide variety of biological findings in these spaces. On the other hand, many of the complaints Moyers and I enunciated back in 1979, especially those stemming from the disarticulation of morphometrics from the explanatory styles and purposes of clinical medicine, remain unanswered even today. The present essay, a retrospective historical meditation, reviews the context of the 1979 publication, its major themes, and its relevance today. This essay is dedicated to the memory of Robert E. Moyers on the 100th anniversary of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Fred L. Bookstein
Of all the articles on cephalometrics this journal has published over the last half-century, the one most cited across the scientific literature is the 1979 lecture "The inappropriateness of conventional cephalometrics" by Robert Moyers and me. But the durable salience of this article is perplexing, as its critique was misdirected (it should have been aimed at the craniometrics of the early twentieth century, not merely the roentgenographic extension used in the orthodontic clinic) and its proposed remedies have all failed to establish themselves as methods of any broad utility. When problems highlighted by Moyers and me have been resolved at all, the innovations that resolved them owe to tools very different from those suggested in our article and imported from fields quite a bit farther from biometrics than we expected back in 1979. One of these tools was the creation de novo of a new abstract mathematical construction, statistical shape space, in the 1980s and 1990s; another was a flexible and intuitive new graphic, the thin-plate spline, for meaningfully and suggestively visualizing a wide variety of biological findings in these spaces. On the other hand, many of the complaints Moyers and I enunciated back in 1979, especially those stemming from the disarticulation of morphometrics from the explanatory styles and purposes of clinical medicine, remain unanswered even today. The present essay, a retrospective historical meditation, reviews the context of the 1979 publication, its major themes, and its relevance today. This essay is dedicated to the memory of Robert E. Moyers on the 100th anniversary of the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
Evolution of imaging and management systems in orthodontics
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Chester H. Wang, Lisa Randazzo
Orthodontists have long been among the most progressive of the dental specialists, quick to embrace new technologies for enhancing clinical efficiencies and practice workflow. Orthodontic software innovations, whether for imaging and clinical applications or for managing the business side of a practice, have led the consistent need for more powerful computing requirements for more than 4 decades. This article recounts the history of how computers and orthodontic software have been used in America from their nascence to today and provides an outlook for the future.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Chester H. Wang, Lisa Randazzo
Orthodontists have long been among the most progressive of the dental specialists, quick to embrace new technologies for enhancing clinical efficiencies and practice workflow. Orthodontic software innovations, whether for imaging and clinical applications or for managing the business side of a practice, have led the consistent need for more powerful computing requirements for more than 4 decades. This article recounts the history of how computers and orthodontic software have been used in America from their nascence to today and provides an outlook for the future.
Residents' journal review
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Dan Grauer
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Dan Grauer
Do you believe in magic?
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Peter M. Greco
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Peter M. Greco
Comparative assessment of fluoride varnish and fluoride film for remineralization of postorthodontic white spot lesions in adolescents and adults over a 6-month period: A single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Tao He, Xue Li, Ying Dong, Na Zhang, Yisi Zhong, Wei Yin, Deyu Hu
Introduction The objective of this 3-arm parallel randomized trial was to evaluate the effects of a fluoride varnish and a fluoride film on the remineralization of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets after orthodontic treatment. Methods Patients who had recently completed orthodontic treatment were randomly assigned to the varnish, film, and control groups. Eligibility criteria included age of 12 to 25 years, good general health, and at least 1 maxillary anterior tooth with a white spot lesion. The primary outcome was the decrease in the lesion volume of each patient after 6 months of treatment; fluorescence loss and area were the secondary outcome measures. Randomization was accomplished according to a computer-generated randomization schedule, and allocation concealment was achieved with nontransparent concealed envelopes. Blinding was applicable for the treatments only. The test groups received fluoride varnish or film treatment once a month for 6 months, and the control group received a placebo treatment. All patients received oral hygiene education and were required to use fluoride toothpaste daily. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence images were taken at baseline and at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. A mixed-effects linear model was used to analyze quantitative light-induced fluorescence parameters with confounders integrated into the model. Result Two hundred forty patients (mean age, 16.9 years; range, 12-25 years) with 597 teeth with a white spot lesion were randomized 1:1:1 to the varnish, film, and control groups. Baseline demographics were similar between groups, and 29 patients were lost to follow-up. The primary analysis was carried out on a per-protocol basis involving 72 patients in the control group, 69 patients in the varnish group, and 70 patients in the film group who completed the study. The product of fluorescence loss and lesion area values were statistically associated with time (estimate, −4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.84 to −3.31; P <0.0001), and a significant decrease in the product of fluorescence loss and lesion area was observed in all groups after 6 months with each treatment. The interaction between group and time in the statistical analysis indicated that the product of fluorescence loss and lesion area values of the 3 groups followed different trends over time. Further pair-wise comparisons showed that the decreases in the 2 test groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (varnish vs control: estimate, −11.83; 95% CI, −15.39 to −8.26; P <0.0001; film vs control, estimate: −7.72; 95% CI, −11.34 to 4.10; P <0.0001) in the analysis for 6 months. In addition, the decrease in the varnish group was significantly greater than that in the film group (estimate, 4.11; 95% CI, 0.48 to 7.73; P = 0.0266) in the analysis for 6 months. No serious adverse effects associated with the use of the tested varnish, film, or placebo occurred. Conclusions After removal of the orthodontic brackets, some natural remineralization of white spot lesions occurred, and daily use of fluoride toothpaste may be helpful for this process. However, not all patients experienced this remineralization, and treatment with fluoride varnish or fluoride film induced greater remineralization of white spot lesions. In addition, our results suggest that fluoride varnish may be slightly more effective than fluoride film. However, further similar clinical trials with more patients are needed to definitively determine which fluoride treatment is most effective. Registration This trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR-TRC-13003764. Protocol The details of the trial protocol are posted online at: http://ift.tt/2902b12.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Tao He, Xue Li, Ying Dong, Na Zhang, Yisi Zhong, Wei Yin, Deyu Hu
Introduction The objective of this 3-arm parallel randomized trial was to evaluate the effects of a fluoride varnish and a fluoride film on the remineralization of white spot lesions around orthodontic brackets after orthodontic treatment. Methods Patients who had recently completed orthodontic treatment were randomly assigned to the varnish, film, and control groups. Eligibility criteria included age of 12 to 25 years, good general health, and at least 1 maxillary anterior tooth with a white spot lesion. The primary outcome was the decrease in the lesion volume of each patient after 6 months of treatment; fluorescence loss and area were the secondary outcome measures. Randomization was accomplished according to a computer-generated randomization schedule, and allocation concealment was achieved with nontransparent concealed envelopes. Blinding was applicable for the treatments only. The test groups received fluoride varnish or film treatment once a month for 6 months, and the control group received a placebo treatment. All patients received oral hygiene education and were required to use fluoride toothpaste daily. Quantitative light-induced fluorescence images were taken at baseline and at the 3-month and 6-month follow-ups. A mixed-effects linear model was used to analyze quantitative light-induced fluorescence parameters with confounders integrated into the model. Result Two hundred forty patients (mean age, 16.9 years; range, 12-25 years) with 597 teeth with a white spot lesion were randomized 1:1:1 to the varnish, film, and control groups. Baseline demographics were similar between groups, and 29 patients were lost to follow-up. The primary analysis was carried out on a per-protocol basis involving 72 patients in the control group, 69 patients in the varnish group, and 70 patients in the film group who completed the study. The product of fluorescence loss and lesion area values were statistically associated with time (estimate, −4.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.84 to −3.31; P <0.0001), and a significant decrease in the product of fluorescence loss and lesion area was observed in all groups after 6 months with each treatment. The interaction between group and time in the statistical analysis indicated that the product of fluorescence loss and lesion area values of the 3 groups followed different trends over time. Further pair-wise comparisons showed that the decreases in the 2 test groups were significantly greater than those in the control group (varnish vs control: estimate, −11.83; 95% CI, −15.39 to −8.26; P <0.0001; film vs control, estimate: −7.72; 95% CI, −11.34 to 4.10; P <0.0001) in the analysis for 6 months. In addition, the decrease in the varnish group was significantly greater than that in the film group (estimate, 4.11; 95% CI, 0.48 to 7.73; P = 0.0266) in the analysis for 6 months. No serious adverse effects associated with the use of the tested varnish, film, or placebo occurred. Conclusions After removal of the orthodontic brackets, some natural remineralization of white spot lesions occurred, and daily use of fluoride toothpaste may be helpful for this process. However, not all patients experienced this remineralization, and treatment with fluoride varnish or fluoride film induced greater remineralization of white spot lesions. In addition, our results suggest that fluoride varnish may be slightly more effective than fluoride film. However, further similar clinical trials with more patients are needed to definitively determine which fluoride treatment is most effective. Registration This trial was registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Register, number ChiCTR-TRC-13003764. Protocol The details of the trial protocol are posted online at: http://ift.tt/2902b12.
Adverse effects of lingual and buccal orthodontic techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Fadi Ata-Ali, Javier Ata-Ali, Marcela Ferrer-Molina, Teresa Cobo, Felix De Carlos, Juan Cobo
Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of adverse effects associated with lingual and buccal fixed orthodontic techniques. Methods Two authors searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases up to October 2014. Agreement between the authors was quantified by the Cohen kappa statistic. The following variables were analyzed: pain, caries, eating and speech difficulties, and oral hygiene. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used for randomized controlled trials. Results Eight articles were included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis showed a statistically greater risk of pain of the tongue (odds ratio [OR], 28.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.60-93.28; P <0.001), cheeks (OR, 0.087; 95% CI, 0.036-0.213; P <0.0010), and lips (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.39; P <0.001), as well as for the variables of speech difficulties (OR, 9.39; 95% CI, 3.78-23.33; P <0.001) and oral hygiene (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.02-11.95; P = 0.047) with lingual orthodontics. However, no statistical difference was found with respect to eating difficulties (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 0.86-16.28; P = 0.079) and caries (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.17-7.69; P = 0.814 [Streptococcus mutans] and OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.20-2.23; P = 0.515 [Lactobacillus]). Conclusions This systematic review suggests that patients wearing lingual appliances have more pain, speech difficulties, and problems in maintaining adequate oral hygiene, although no differences for eating and caries risk were identified. Further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Fadi Ata-Ali, Javier Ata-Ali, Marcela Ferrer-Molina, Teresa Cobo, Felix De Carlos, Juan Cobo
Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of adverse effects associated with lingual and buccal fixed orthodontic techniques. Methods Two authors searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases up to October 2014. Agreement between the authors was quantified by the Cohen kappa statistic. The following variables were analyzed: pain, caries, eating and speech difficulties, and oral hygiene. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess risk of bias in nonrandomized studies, and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias was used for randomized controlled trials. Results Eight articles were included in this systematic review. Meta-analysis showed a statistically greater risk of pain of the tongue (odds ratio [OR], 28.32; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.60-93.28; P <0.001), cheeks (OR, 0.087; 95% CI, 0.036-0.213; P <0.0010), and lips (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04-0.39; P <0.001), as well as for the variables of speech difficulties (OR, 9.39; 95% CI, 3.78-23.33; P <0.001) and oral hygiene (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.02-11.95; P = 0.047) with lingual orthodontics. However, no statistical difference was found with respect to eating difficulties (OR, 3.74; 95% CI, 0.86-16.28; P = 0.079) and caries (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.17-7.69; P = 0.814 [Streptococcus mutans] and OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.20-2.23; P = 0.515 [Lactobacillus]). Conclusions This systematic review suggests that patients wearing lingual appliances have more pain, speech difficulties, and problems in maintaining adequate oral hygiene, although no differences for eating and caries risk were identified. Further prospective studies involving larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm these results.
Evaluation of maxillary arch dimensional and inclination changes with self-ligating and conventional brackets using broad archwires
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Ezgi Atik, Bengisu Akarsu-Guven, Ilken Kocadereli, Semra Ciger
Introduction Our objective was to comparatively evaluate different bracket types (conventional, active self-ligating, and passive self-ligating) combined with broad archwires in terms of maxillary dental arch widths and molar inclinations. Methods Forty-six patients aged 13 to 17 years with moderate maxillary and mandibular crowding and a Class I malocclusion were included in this prospective clinical trial. The primary outcome measures were changes in maxillary arch width dimensions and molar inclinations. The secondary outcome measures were changes in maxillary and mandibular incisor inclinations. Group I included 15 patients (mean age, 14.4 ± 1.5 years) treated with 0.022-in active self-ligating brackets. Group II included 15 patients (mean age, 14.4 ± 1.6 years) treated with 0.022-in Roth prescription conventional brackets. Group III was a retrospective group of 16 patients (mean age, 14.8 ± 1.0 years) previously treated with 0.022-in passive self-ligating brackets. Each participant underwent alignment with the standard Damon archwire sequence. Whereas the differences among groups were evaluated by 1-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests, the paired-samples t test was applied for intragroup comparisons. For all possible multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was applied to control for type I error. Results The maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were significantly greater after treatment in each bracket group. However, when the levels of expansion achieved among the 3 groups were compared, no significant difference was found. Although all posteroanterior cephalometric variables showed significant changes during treatment in all groups, these changes were not significant among the groups. A statistically significant labial proclination of the teeth was seen in each group. Conclusions No differences in maxillary arch dimensional changes or molar and incisor inclination changes were found in conventional and active and passive self-ligating brackets used with broad archwires.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Ezgi Atik, Bengisu Akarsu-Guven, Ilken Kocadereli, Semra Ciger
Introduction Our objective was to comparatively evaluate different bracket types (conventional, active self-ligating, and passive self-ligating) combined with broad archwires in terms of maxillary dental arch widths and molar inclinations. Methods Forty-six patients aged 13 to 17 years with moderate maxillary and mandibular crowding and a Class I malocclusion were included in this prospective clinical trial. The primary outcome measures were changes in maxillary arch width dimensions and molar inclinations. The secondary outcome measures were changes in maxillary and mandibular incisor inclinations. Group I included 15 patients (mean age, 14.4 ± 1.5 years) treated with 0.022-in active self-ligating brackets. Group II included 15 patients (mean age, 14.4 ± 1.6 years) treated with 0.022-in Roth prescription conventional brackets. Group III was a retrospective group of 16 patients (mean age, 14.8 ± 1.0 years) previously treated with 0.022-in passive self-ligating brackets. Each participant underwent alignment with the standard Damon archwire sequence. Whereas the differences among groups were evaluated by 1-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis tests, the paired-samples t test was applied for intragroup comparisons. For all possible multiple comparisons, the Bonferroni correction was applied to control for type I error. Results The maxillary intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar widths were significantly greater after treatment in each bracket group. However, when the levels of expansion achieved among the 3 groups were compared, no significant difference was found. Although all posteroanterior cephalometric variables showed significant changes during treatment in all groups, these changes were not significant among the groups. A statistically significant labial proclination of the teeth was seen in each group. Conclusions No differences in maxillary arch dimensional changes or molar and incisor inclination changes were found in conventional and active and passive self-ligating brackets used with broad archwires.
Nonlinear dependency of tooth movement on force system directions
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Roberto Savignano, Rodrigo F. Viecilli, Alessandro Paoli, Armando Viviano Razionale, Sandro Barone
Introduction Moment-to-force ratios (M:F) define the type of tooth movement. Typically, the relationship between M:F and tooth movement has been analyzed in a single plane. Here, to improve the 3-dimensional tooth movement theory, we tested the hypothesis that the mathematical relationships between M:F and tooth movement are distinct, depending on force system directions. Methods A finite element model of a maxillary first premolar, scaled to average tooth dimensions, was constructed based on a cone-beam computed tomography scan. We conducted finite element analyses of the M:F and tooth movement relationships, represented by the projected axis of rotation in each plane, for 510 different loads. Results We confirmed that a hyperbolic equation relates the distance and M:F; however, the constant of proportionality ("k") varied nonlinearly with the force direction. With a force applied parallel to the tooth's long axis, "k" was 12 times higher than with a force parallel to the mesiodistal direction and 7 times higher than with a force parallel to the buccolingual direction. Conclusions The M:F influence on tooth movement depends on load directions. It is an incomplete parameter to describe the quality of an orthodontic load system if it is not associated with force and moment directions.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Roberto Savignano, Rodrigo F. Viecilli, Alessandro Paoli, Armando Viviano Razionale, Sandro Barone
Introduction Moment-to-force ratios (M:F) define the type of tooth movement. Typically, the relationship between M:F and tooth movement has been analyzed in a single plane. Here, to improve the 3-dimensional tooth movement theory, we tested the hypothesis that the mathematical relationships between M:F and tooth movement are distinct, depending on force system directions. Methods A finite element model of a maxillary first premolar, scaled to average tooth dimensions, was constructed based on a cone-beam computed tomography scan. We conducted finite element analyses of the M:F and tooth movement relationships, represented by the projected axis of rotation in each plane, for 510 different loads. Results We confirmed that a hyperbolic equation relates the distance and M:F; however, the constant of proportionality ("k") varied nonlinearly with the force direction. With a force applied parallel to the tooth's long axis, "k" was 12 times higher than with a force parallel to the mesiodistal direction and 7 times higher than with a force parallel to the buccolingual direction. Conclusions The M:F influence on tooth movement depends on load directions. It is an incomplete parameter to describe the quality of an orthodontic load system if it is not associated with force and moment directions.
Anterior open-bite treatment with bonded vs conventional lingual spurs: A comparative study
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Luiz Filiphe Gonçalves Canuto, Guilherme Janson, Niedje Siqueira de Lima, Renato Rodrigues de Almeida, Rodrigo Hermont Cançado
Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the isolated effects of bonded and conventional spurs on the craniofacial and dentoalveolar complexes of patients in the mixed dentition with anterior open bite. Methods The sample included 68 subjects with anterior open bite and Class I malocclusion. Group 1 comprised 20 patients treated with bonded lingual spurs with a mean initial age of 9.31 years (SD, 1.17). Group 2 consisted of 21 patients treated with conventional lingual spurs with a mean initial age of 9.22 years (SD, 1.62). The control group (group 3) consisted of 27 untreated subjects. One-way analysis of variance tests followed by Tukey tests were used for intergroup cephalometric comparisons. After 1 month of treatment, patient acceptance of the spurs was evaluated with a questionnaire. Results There were significantly greater overbite increases in the experimental groups than in the control group. The group with bonded lingual spurs showed significantly better acceptance than did the group with conventional lingual spurs during chewing and eating. Conclusions The 2 appliances resulted in similar overbite increases during early open-bite treatment. After a week or less of treatment, 92.5% of the children had adjusted to the spurs.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Luiz Filiphe Gonçalves Canuto, Guilherme Janson, Niedje Siqueira de Lima, Renato Rodrigues de Almeida, Rodrigo Hermont Cançado
Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the isolated effects of bonded and conventional spurs on the craniofacial and dentoalveolar complexes of patients in the mixed dentition with anterior open bite. Methods The sample included 68 subjects with anterior open bite and Class I malocclusion. Group 1 comprised 20 patients treated with bonded lingual spurs with a mean initial age of 9.31 years (SD, 1.17). Group 2 consisted of 21 patients treated with conventional lingual spurs with a mean initial age of 9.22 years (SD, 1.62). The control group (group 3) consisted of 27 untreated subjects. One-way analysis of variance tests followed by Tukey tests were used for intergroup cephalometric comparisons. After 1 month of treatment, patient acceptance of the spurs was evaluated with a questionnaire. Results There were significantly greater overbite increases in the experimental groups than in the control group. The group with bonded lingual spurs showed significantly better acceptance than did the group with conventional lingual spurs during chewing and eating. Conclusions The 2 appliances resulted in similar overbite increases during early open-bite treatment. After a week or less of treatment, 92.5% of the children had adjusted to the spurs.
Long-term stability of rapid palatal expansion in the mixed dentition vs the permanent dentition
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Colleen N. Mohan, Eustaquio A. Araujo, Donald R. Oliver, Ki Beom Kim
Introduction Palatal expansion has been a popular and proven technique for transverse discrepancies used in orthodontics for decades. The short-term effectiveness of the technique is understood, yet questions remain regarding the long-term stability, with much debate surrounding the optimum treatment timing to initiate expansion for the most beneficial and stable results, especially with regard to mixed dentition treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term stability of palatal expansion performed in the mixed dentition vs the permanent dentition. Methods Fifty-four subjects were grouped as follows: 24 in the mixed dentition and 30 in the permanent dentition at the start of treatment. All patients had been treated with the Haas type of palatal expansion appliance followed by nonextraction fixed edgewise mechanics. Digitized dental casts were evaluated at 3 times: before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and at the long-term retention (T3). Intermolar widths were computed by subtracting measurements between time points, and comparisons between the groups were made to determine expansion and stability differences. Results Significant intermolar width increases were observed from T1 to T2 with significant relapses from T2 to T3, and an overall net gain remained at T3 in each group. No significant differences were found for relapse between the mixed and permanent dentitions. Conclusions There are no differences for the long-term intermolar width stability in patients treated with palatal expansion in the mixed dentition vs the permanent dentition.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Colleen N. Mohan, Eustaquio A. Araujo, Donald R. Oliver, Ki Beom Kim
Introduction Palatal expansion has been a popular and proven technique for transverse discrepancies used in orthodontics for decades. The short-term effectiveness of the technique is understood, yet questions remain regarding the long-term stability, with much debate surrounding the optimum treatment timing to initiate expansion for the most beneficial and stable results, especially with regard to mixed dentition treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term stability of palatal expansion performed in the mixed dentition vs the permanent dentition. Methods Fifty-four subjects were grouped as follows: 24 in the mixed dentition and 30 in the permanent dentition at the start of treatment. All patients had been treated with the Haas type of palatal expansion appliance followed by nonextraction fixed edgewise mechanics. Digitized dental casts were evaluated at 3 times: before treatment (T1), after treatment (T2), and at the long-term retention (T3). Intermolar widths were computed by subtracting measurements between time points, and comparisons between the groups were made to determine expansion and stability differences. Results Significant intermolar width increases were observed from T1 to T2 with significant relapses from T2 to T3, and an overall net gain remained at T3 in each group. No significant differences were found for relapse between the mixed and permanent dentitions. Conclusions There are no differences for the long-term intermolar width stability in patients treated with palatal expansion in the mixed dentition vs the permanent dentition.
Esthetic evaluation of lip position in silhouette with respect to profile divergence
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Hooman Zarif Najafi, Seyed Amir Abbas Sabouri, Elham Ebrahimi, Sepideh Torkan
Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the preferred lip position in silhouette profiles with different amounts of divergence. Methods A normal profile was constructed based on normal values and was altered using software (Photoshop CS, version 8.0; Adobe Systems, San Jose, Calif) to produce a series of 15 profiles in 3 sets (straight, anterior, and posterior divergent). Each set consisted of 5 photographs with different lip positions from −4 mm to +4 mm in 2-mm increments. We asked 240 people in 5 panels (79 senior dental students, 26 orthodontists, 27 maxillofacial surgeons, 27 prosthodontists, and 81 laypeople) to rate the profiles. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results In the anterior and posterior divergent profiles, most groups tended to prefer the original lip positions for both the male and female profiles. In the straight divergent profile, the results were scattered and inconsistent in the different groups. In the posterior divergent profile, the orthodontists and the surgeons selected the 4-mm lip retrusion as the least attractive, and other groups selected the 4-mm lip protrusion as the least attractive. In the anterior and straight divergent profiles, all groups were unanimous in the selection of the 4-mm lip protrusion as the least attractive images. Significant differences were found between the raters in the rankings of some images. No significant difference was found between the male and female raters in the rankings of the profile images. Conclusions It is important to establish a normal lip position, especially for a patient with an anterior or a posterior divergent profile. Posterior divergent patients should be treated cautiously so that excessive lip retrusion does not result.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Hooman Zarif Najafi, Seyed Amir Abbas Sabouri, Elham Ebrahimi, Sepideh Torkan
Introduction The aim of this study was to determine the preferred lip position in silhouette profiles with different amounts of divergence. Methods A normal profile was constructed based on normal values and was altered using software (Photoshop CS, version 8.0; Adobe Systems, San Jose, Calif) to produce a series of 15 profiles in 3 sets (straight, anterior, and posterior divergent). Each set consisted of 5 photographs with different lip positions from −4 mm to +4 mm in 2-mm increments. We asked 240 people in 5 panels (79 senior dental students, 26 orthodontists, 27 maxillofacial surgeons, 27 prosthodontists, and 81 laypeople) to rate the profiles. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results In the anterior and posterior divergent profiles, most groups tended to prefer the original lip positions for both the male and female profiles. In the straight divergent profile, the results were scattered and inconsistent in the different groups. In the posterior divergent profile, the orthodontists and the surgeons selected the 4-mm lip retrusion as the least attractive, and other groups selected the 4-mm lip protrusion as the least attractive. In the anterior and straight divergent profiles, all groups were unanimous in the selection of the 4-mm lip protrusion as the least attractive images. Significant differences were found between the raters in the rankings of some images. No significant difference was found between the male and female raters in the rankings of the profile images. Conclusions It is important to establish a normal lip position, especially for a patient with an anterior or a posterior divergent profile. Posterior divergent patients should be treated cautiously so that excessive lip retrusion does not result.
Herbst appliance anchored to miniscrews with 2 types of ligation: Effectiveness in skeletal Class II treatment
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Antonio Manni, Sabrina Mutinelli, Marco Pasini, Laura Mazzotta, Mauro Cozzani
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions with an acrylic splint Herbst appliance anchored to miniscrews with 2 types of ligation. Methods Sixty patients (mean age, 11.6 years; SD, 1.9) with a bilateral Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion were retrospectively selected and divided into 3 homogeneous and balanced groups on the basis of the Herbst anchorage used: without anchorage, miniscrews with elastic chains, and miniscrews with metallic ligatures. A cephalometric sagittal occlusion analysis merged with mandibular incisor proclination and skeletal divergence was carried out before and after treatment. To compare the absolute variations within and among the groups, we performed the 1-sample t test for repeated measures and 1-way analysis of variance, respectively. Results Overjet was reduced similarly in all groups (P <0.05). The mandibular bone base length increased in the group with elastic chains only (P = 0.001). The change in the distance between Point A and pogonion showed the most reduction in the group with elastic chains (P <0.05). Incisive flaring was more pronounced in the group with no anchorage than in the group with elastic chains (P <0.001) and the group with metallic ligatures (P = 0.003). Conclusions Anchorage to miniscrews with elastic chains increases the orthopedic effect of the acrylic splint Herbst appliance. It has been confirmed that skeletal anchorage reduces incisor flaring.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Antonio Manni, Sabrina Mutinelli, Marco Pasini, Laura Mazzotta, Mauro Cozzani
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions with an acrylic splint Herbst appliance anchored to miniscrews with 2 types of ligation. Methods Sixty patients (mean age, 11.6 years; SD, 1.9) with a bilateral Angle Class II Division 1 malocclusion were retrospectively selected and divided into 3 homogeneous and balanced groups on the basis of the Herbst anchorage used: without anchorage, miniscrews with elastic chains, and miniscrews with metallic ligatures. A cephalometric sagittal occlusion analysis merged with mandibular incisor proclination and skeletal divergence was carried out before and after treatment. To compare the absolute variations within and among the groups, we performed the 1-sample t test for repeated measures and 1-way analysis of variance, respectively. Results Overjet was reduced similarly in all groups (P <0.05). The mandibular bone base length increased in the group with elastic chains only (P = 0.001). The change in the distance between Point A and pogonion showed the most reduction in the group with elastic chains (P <0.05). Incisive flaring was more pronounced in the group with no anchorage than in the group with elastic chains (P <0.001) and the group with metallic ligatures (P = 0.003). Conclusions Anchorage to miniscrews with elastic chains increases the orthopedic effect of the acrylic splint Herbst appliance. It has been confirmed that skeletal anchorage reduces incisor flaring.
Effect of minocycline on induced glial activation by experimental tooth movement
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Toru Deguchi, Rie Adachi, Hiroshi Kamioka, Do-Gyoon Kim, Henry W. Fields, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Ichikawa, Takashi Yamashiro
Introduction Orthodontic tooth movement causes pain to a patient. Glial cells are nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system and are implicated in various types of pain. In this study, we assessed glial activation responses after experimental tooth movement using immunocytochemical detection of anti-CD11b (OX42) and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity to illustrate the microglial and astrocytes response, respectively. In addition, the effect of minocycline in reducing pain during tooth movement was also investigated. Methods Fifty-five Sprague Dawley rats with and without administration of minocycline after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days (n = 5, for each) of tooth movement were used. Immunohistochemistry for microglia (OX42) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were performed at the medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal subnucleus caudalis). Three-dimensional quantitative analysis was performed with a confocal fluorescence microscope and a software program. Results There was a significant increase in the OX42 and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in response to tooth movement in the medullary dorsal horn. Furthermore, systematic administration of minocycline, a selective inhibitor of microglial activation, significantly attenuated the nociceptive c-Fos expression in the medullary dorsal horn that was induced by experimental tooth movement. Conclusions These data indicate the possible importance of microglial activation in the development of orthodontic pain. This is also the first report on the systematic application of minocycline.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Toru Deguchi, Rie Adachi, Hiroshi Kamioka, Do-Gyoon Kim, Henry W. Fields, Teruko Takano-Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Ichikawa, Takashi Yamashiro
Introduction Orthodontic tooth movement causes pain to a patient. Glial cells are nonneuronal cells in the central nervous system and are implicated in various types of pain. In this study, we assessed glial activation responses after experimental tooth movement using immunocytochemical detection of anti-CD11b (OX42) and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity to illustrate the microglial and astrocytes response, respectively. In addition, the effect of minocycline in reducing pain during tooth movement was also investigated. Methods Fifty-five Sprague Dawley rats with and without administration of minocycline after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days (n = 5, for each) of tooth movement were used. Immunohistochemistry for microglia (OX42) and astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were performed at the medullary dorsal horn (trigeminal subnucleus caudalis). Three-dimensional quantitative analysis was performed with a confocal fluorescence microscope and a software program. Results There was a significant increase in the OX42 and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in response to tooth movement in the medullary dorsal horn. Furthermore, systematic administration of minocycline, a selective inhibitor of microglial activation, significantly attenuated the nociceptive c-Fos expression in the medullary dorsal horn that was induced by experimental tooth movement. Conclusions These data indicate the possible importance of microglial activation in the development of orthodontic pain. This is also the first report on the systematic application of minocycline.
Nonsurgical treatment of an adult with an open bite and large lower anterior facial height with edgewise appliances and temporary anchorage devices
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Tadao Fukui, Hiroyuki Kano, Isao Saito
A woman was referred to the orthodontic clinic for treatment. She was diagnosed with a skeletal Class II malocclusion, a steep mandibular plane, and an anterior open bite. Conventional orthodontic treatment was considered to correct the maxillary protrusion and anterior open bite, but the patient also requested improvement of her facial esthetics. We therefore decided that nonsurgical treatment consisting of 4 premolar extractions combined with temporary anchorage devices was indicated. Satisfactory improvement of the overjet and overbite, and proper functional occlusion were obtained, resulting in a Class I molar relationship. Active treatment was completed in 2 years 10 months, and the result remained stable at 2 years 6 months after debonding.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Tadao Fukui, Hiroyuki Kano, Isao Saito
A woman was referred to the orthodontic clinic for treatment. She was diagnosed with a skeletal Class II malocclusion, a steep mandibular plane, and an anterior open bite. Conventional orthodontic treatment was considered to correct the maxillary protrusion and anterior open bite, but the patient also requested improvement of her facial esthetics. We therefore decided that nonsurgical treatment consisting of 4 premolar extractions combined with temporary anchorage devices was indicated. Satisfactory improvement of the overjet and overbite, and proper functional occlusion were obtained, resulting in a Class I molar relationship. Active treatment was completed in 2 years 10 months, and the result remained stable at 2 years 6 months after debonding.
Orthodontic treatment of a patient with severe crowding and unilateral fracture of the mandibular condyle
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Jae Hyun Park, Kiyoshi Tai, Yasumori Sato
A 15-year-old girl who had a unilateral condylar fracture with severe crowding in both arches was treated with 4 premolar extractions followed by orthodontic therapy with a temporary skeletal anchorage device in the maxillary arch. The total active treatment time was 21 months. Her occlusion was significantly improved by orthodontic treatment, and the range of condylar movement was also improved. Posttreatment records after 30 months showed excellent results with a good stable occlusion. The remodeling process of the condyle was confirmed with cone-beam computed tomography images.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Jae Hyun Park, Kiyoshi Tai, Yasumori Sato
A 15-year-old girl who had a unilateral condylar fracture with severe crowding in both arches was treated with 4 premolar extractions followed by orthodontic therapy with a temporary skeletal anchorage device in the maxillary arch. The total active treatment time was 21 months. Her occlusion was significantly improved by orthodontic treatment, and the range of condylar movement was also improved. Posttreatment records after 30 months showed excellent results with a good stable occlusion. The remodeling process of the condyle was confirmed with cone-beam computed tomography images.
Long-term stability of maxillary group distalization with interradicular miniscrews in a patient with a Class II Division 2 malocclusion
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Shingo Kuroda, Natsuko Hichijo, Minami Sato, Akiko Mino, Nagato Tamamura, Mitsuhiro Iwata, Eiji Tanaka
We successfully treated a Class II Division 2 patient with maxillary group distalization using interradicular miniscrews. A woman, aged 28 years 11 months, had a convex profile and an excessive overjet caused by a skeletal Class II jaw-base relationship. After leveling and alignment, titanium miniscrews were obliquely implanted between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. To distalize the maxillary dentition, nickel-titanium closing coil springs with a 2-N load were placed between the screws and the hooks on the archwire. After 28 months of active orthodontic treatment, a proper facial profile and an acceptable occlusion were achieved with a 4-mm distalization of the maxillary dentition. The resultant occlusion was stable throughout a 5-year retention period. Interradicular miniscrews were useful to distalize the maxillary dentition for correcting a Class II malocclusion. This new strategy, group distalization with miniscrews, can make the treatment simpler with greater predictability.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Shingo Kuroda, Natsuko Hichijo, Minami Sato, Akiko Mino, Nagato Tamamura, Mitsuhiro Iwata, Eiji Tanaka
We successfully treated a Class II Division 2 patient with maxillary group distalization using interradicular miniscrews. A woman, aged 28 years 11 months, had a convex profile and an excessive overjet caused by a skeletal Class II jaw-base relationship. After leveling and alignment, titanium miniscrews were obliquely implanted between the maxillary second premolar and first molar. To distalize the maxillary dentition, nickel-titanium closing coil springs with a 2-N load were placed between the screws and the hooks on the archwire. After 28 months of active orthodontic treatment, a proper facial profile and an acceptable occlusion were achieved with a 4-mm distalization of the maxillary dentition. The resultant occlusion was stable throughout a 5-year retention period. Interradicular miniscrews were useful to distalize the maxillary dentition for correcting a Class II malocclusion. This new strategy, group distalization with miniscrews, can make the treatment simpler with greater predictability.
Eruption of an impacted canine in an adenomatid odontogenic tumor treated with combined orthodontic and surgical therapy
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Emire Aybuke Erdur, Zehra Ileri, Ceyhan Ugurluoglu, Mustafa Cakir, Dogan Dolanmaz
An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is an uncommon asymptomatic lesion that is often misdiagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. It originates from the odontogenic epithelium. Enucleation and curettage is the usual treatment of choice. Marsupialization may be attempted instead of extraction of the impacted tooth, since it provides an opportunity for tooth eruption. This case report is the first to report on the eruption of an impacted canine in an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor treated with combined orthodontics and marsupialization. The impacted canine erupted uneventfully, with no evidence of recurrence 3 years after the treatment.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Emire Aybuke Erdur, Zehra Ileri, Ceyhan Ugurluoglu, Mustafa Cakir, Dogan Dolanmaz
An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is an uncommon asymptomatic lesion that is often misdiagnosed as a dentigerous cyst. It originates from the odontogenic epithelium. Enucleation and curettage is the usual treatment of choice. Marsupialization may be attempted instead of extraction of the impacted tooth, since it provides an opportunity for tooth eruption. This case report is the first to report on the eruption of an impacted canine in an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor treated with combined orthodontics and marsupialization. The impacted canine erupted uneventfully, with no evidence of recurrence 3 years after the treatment.
Three-dimensional imaging for indirect-direct bonding
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Ahmed M. El-Timamy, Fouad A. El-Sharaby, Faten H. Eid, Yehya A. Mostafa
The aim of this article is to introduce a new concept of bracket positioning with special consideration to root axes. Cone-beam computed tomography imaging and computer-aided manufacturing were used to produce stereolithographic trays for indirect-direct bonding.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Ahmed M. El-Timamy, Fouad A. El-Sharaby, Faten H. Eid, Yehya A. Mostafa
The aim of this article is to introduce a new concept of bracket positioning with special consideration to root axes. Cone-beam computed tomography imaging and computer-aided manufacturing were used to produce stereolithographic trays for indirect-direct bonding.
Ulterior motives
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Laurance Jerrold
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Laurance Jerrold
Analysis of variance to linear regression
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Nikolaos Pandis
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Nikolaos Pandis
June 2016;149(6)
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Allen H. Moffitt
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): Allen H. Moffitt
Jack G. Dale, 1930-2016
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): James L. Vaden
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Author(s): James L. Vaden
Directory: AAO Officers and Organizations
Publication date: June 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 6
Table of Contents
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Editorial Board
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Information for readers
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Our perfect storm: One orthodontist's opinion
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): James L. Vaden
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): James L. Vaden
"The choice is ours" (not to mention our patients')
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Demetrios J. Halazonetis
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Demetrios J. Halazonetis
History of imaging in orthodontics: A history of overdiagnosis?
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Alexander Spassov, Dragan Pavlovic
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Alexander Spassov, Dragan Pavlovic
Authors' response
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Mark G. Hans, J. Martin Palomo, Manish Valiathan
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Mark G. Hans, J. Martin Palomo, Manish Valiathan
Use of Ramanujan's equation of ellipse to determine arch perimeter
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Vineeth V. Thundukattil, Anil Gangadharan, Serin Sarah John
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Vineeth V. Thundukattil, Anil Gangadharan, Serin Sarah John
Authors' response
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): David D. Chung, Richard Wolfgramm
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): David D. Chung, Richard Wolfgramm
Start at the beginning
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Sumita Mishra
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Sumita Mishra
Residents' journal review
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Dan Grauer
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Dan Grauer
It's a rough sport
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Peter M. Greco
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Peter M. Greco
Effectiveness of orthodontic treatment with functional appliances on maxillary growth in the short term: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Riccardo Nucera, Antonino Lo Giudice, Lorenzo Rustico, Giovanni Matarese, Moschos A. Papadopoulos, Giancarlo Cordasco
Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the treatment effects on maxillary growth of removable functional appliances that advance the mandible to a more forward position in patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods Sixteen electronic databases and reference lists of studies were searched up to April 2015. Only randomized clinical trials and prospective controlled clinical trials investigating Class II growing patients treated with removable functional appliances were included. Two authors independently accomplished study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. All pooled analyses of data were based on random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated. Results In total, 14 studies were included (5 randomized clinical trials, 9 prospective controlled clinical trials) that collected data from 765 patients (405 treated, 360 untreated controls). The mean differences in treatment effect of functional appliances, relative to the untreated controls, were −0.61° per year (95% CI, −0.69° to −0.25°) for SNA angle, −0.61 mm per year (95% CI, −0.90 to −0.32 mm) for anterior maxillary displacement, and +0.07° per year (95% CI, −0.17° to +0.32°) for maxillary plane rotation. Conclusions Removable functional appliances in Class II growing patients have a slight inhibitory effect on the sagittal growth of the maxilla in the short term, but they do not seem to affect rotation of the maxillary plane.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Riccardo Nucera, Antonino Lo Giudice, Lorenzo Rustico, Giovanni Matarese, Moschos A. Papadopoulos, Giancarlo Cordasco
Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the treatment effects on maxillary growth of removable functional appliances that advance the mandible to a more forward position in patients with Class II malocclusion. Methods Sixteen electronic databases and reference lists of studies were searched up to April 2015. Only randomized clinical trials and prospective controlled clinical trials investigating Class II growing patients treated with removable functional appliances were included. Two authors independently accomplished study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. All pooled analyses of data were based on random-effects models. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated. Results In total, 14 studies were included (5 randomized clinical trials, 9 prospective controlled clinical trials) that collected data from 765 patients (405 treated, 360 untreated controls). The mean differences in treatment effect of functional appliances, relative to the untreated controls, were −0.61° per year (95% CI, −0.69° to −0.25°) for SNA angle, −0.61 mm per year (95% CI, −0.90 to −0.32 mm) for anterior maxillary displacement, and +0.07° per year (95% CI, −0.17° to +0.32°) for maxillary plane rotation. Conclusions Removable functional appliances in Class II growing patients have a slight inhibitory effect on the sagittal growth of the maxilla in the short term, but they do not seem to affect rotation of the maxillary plane.
Fixed functional appliances with multibracket appliances have no skeletal effect on the mandible: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Ramy Abdul Rahman Ishaq, Maged Sultan AlHammadi, Mona M.S. Fayed, Amr Abou El-Ezz, Yehya Mostafa
Introduction Our aim was to assess the skeletal mandibular changes (anteroposterior and vertical) in circumpubertal patients with fixed functional appliances installed on multibracket appliances compared with untreated patients. Methods An open-ended electronic search of 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to April 2014 was performed. Additional searches of relevant journals, reference lists of the retrieved articles, systematic reviews, and gray literature were performed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant articles. Quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for prospective controlled clinical trials. Meta-analyses were conducted with fixed and random effects models as appropriate. Statistical heterogeneity was also examined. Results Seven articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and 5 in the meta-analysis. The included randomized controlled trials were at high risk of bias, and the methodologic quality of the prospective controlled clinical trials was high. Based on assessment of the fixed functional appliance phase in isolation, no difference in mandibular anteroposterior positional changes (SNB angle) (standard mean difference, 0.11°; 95% CI, −0.28, 0.50) was found between the treated and control groups. The vertical dimension was not influenced by the fixed functional appliance treatment. Conclusions There is little high-quality evidence concerning the relative influence of fixed functional appliances on skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. However, based on the limited evidence, it appears that they have little effect on the skeletal mandibular parameters.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Ramy Abdul Rahman Ishaq, Maged Sultan AlHammadi, Mona M.S. Fayed, Amr Abou El-Ezz, Yehya Mostafa
Introduction Our aim was to assess the skeletal mandibular changes (anteroposterior and vertical) in circumpubertal patients with fixed functional appliances installed on multibracket appliances compared with untreated patients. Methods An open-ended electronic search of 4 databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) up to April 2014 was performed. Additional searches of relevant journals, reference lists of the retrieved articles, systematic reviews, and gray literature were performed. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify relevant articles. Quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for prospective controlled clinical trials. Meta-analyses were conducted with fixed and random effects models as appropriate. Statistical heterogeneity was also examined. Results Seven articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and 5 in the meta-analysis. The included randomized controlled trials were at high risk of bias, and the methodologic quality of the prospective controlled clinical trials was high. Based on assessment of the fixed functional appliance phase in isolation, no difference in mandibular anteroposterior positional changes (SNB angle) (standard mean difference, 0.11°; 95% CI, −0.28, 0.50) was found between the treated and control groups. The vertical dimension was not influenced by the fixed functional appliance treatment. Conclusions There is little high-quality evidence concerning the relative influence of fixed functional appliances on skeletal and dentoalveolar changes. However, based on the limited evidence, it appears that they have little effect on the skeletal mandibular parameters.
Predicting improvement of postorthodontic white spot lesions
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Susan Kim, Mina Katchooi, Burcu Bayiri, Mehmet Sarikaya, Anna M. Korpak, Greg J. Huang
Introduction Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are at greater risk for developing white spot lesions (WSLs). Although prevention is always the goal, WSLs continue to be a common sequela. For this reason, understanding the patterns of WSL improvement, if any, has great importance. Previous studies have shown that some lesions exhibit significant improvement, whereas others have limited or no improvement. Our aim was to identify specific patient-related and tooth-related factors that are most predictive of improvement with treatment. Methods Patients aged 12 to 20 years with at least 1 WSL that developed during orthodontic treatment were recruited from private dental and orthodontic offices. They had their fixed appliances removed 2 months or less before enrollment. Photographs were taken at enrollment and 8 weeks later. Paired photographs of the maxillary incisors, taken at each time point, were blindly assessed for changes in surface area and appearance at the individual tooth level using visual inspection. Results One hundred one subjects were included in this study. Patient age, brushing frequency, and greater percentage of surface area affected were associated with increased improvement. Central incisors exhibited greater improvements than lateral incisors. Longer time since appliance removal and longer length of orthodontic treatment were associated with decreased levels of improvement. Sex, oral hygiene status, retainer type, location of the lesion (gingival, middle, incisal), staining, and lesion diffuseness were not found to be predictive of improvement. Conclusions Of the various patient-related and tooth-related factors examined, age, time since appliance removal, length of orthodontic treatment, tooth type (central or lateral incisor), WSL surface area, and brushing frequency had significant associations with WSL improvement.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Susan Kim, Mina Katchooi, Burcu Bayiri, Mehmet Sarikaya, Anna M. Korpak, Greg J. Huang
Introduction Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment are at greater risk for developing white spot lesions (WSLs). Although prevention is always the goal, WSLs continue to be a common sequela. For this reason, understanding the patterns of WSL improvement, if any, has great importance. Previous studies have shown that some lesions exhibit significant improvement, whereas others have limited or no improvement. Our aim was to identify specific patient-related and tooth-related factors that are most predictive of improvement with treatment. Methods Patients aged 12 to 20 years with at least 1 WSL that developed during orthodontic treatment were recruited from private dental and orthodontic offices. They had their fixed appliances removed 2 months or less before enrollment. Photographs were taken at enrollment and 8 weeks later. Paired photographs of the maxillary incisors, taken at each time point, were blindly assessed for changes in surface area and appearance at the individual tooth level using visual inspection. Results One hundred one subjects were included in this study. Patient age, brushing frequency, and greater percentage of surface area affected were associated with increased improvement. Central incisors exhibited greater improvements than lateral incisors. Longer time since appliance removal and longer length of orthodontic treatment were associated with decreased levels of improvement. Sex, oral hygiene status, retainer type, location of the lesion (gingival, middle, incisal), staining, and lesion diffuseness were not found to be predictive of improvement. Conclusions Of the various patient-related and tooth-related factors examined, age, time since appliance removal, length of orthodontic treatment, tooth type (central or lateral incisor), WSL surface area, and brushing frequency had significant associations with WSL improvement.
Effect of polyvinylsiloxane material and impression handling on the accuracy of digital models
Publication date: May 2016
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Leonardo Tavares Camardella, David Silveira Alencar, Hero Breuning, Oswaldo de Vasconcellos Vilella
Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of measurements on digital models obtained by scanning impressions 5, 10, and 15 days after they were made from 2 soft putty polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) materials. Methods Thirty volunteers were selected for making impressions of their dentitions with alginate to create a plaster model and with PVS impression material to create a digital model by laser scanning. Three examiners made the plaster model measurements with digital calipers and repeated these measurements on the digital models made from the scanned PVS impressions. A total of 34 distances were evaluated. Paired t tests were used to evaluate intraexaminer error and the accuracy of the digital model measurements. Measurement reproducibility and reliability among examiners were tested. Results Although statistically significant differences between measurements on plaster and digital models were found, these discrepancies were not clinically significant except for overbite. Both plaster and digital models had high intraclass correlation coefficient values. Conclusions Digital models acquired by laser scanning of 2 types of soft putty PVS material may be used with clinically acceptable accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility, even at a postscanning interval of 15 days.
Source:American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Volume 149, Issue 5
Author(s): Leonardo Tavares Camardella, David Silveira Alencar, Hero Breuning, Oswaldo de Vasconcellos Vilella
Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of measurements on digital models obtained by scanning impressions 5, 10, and 15 days after they were made from 2 soft putty polyvinylsiloxane (PVS) materials. Methods Thirty volunteers were selected for making impressions of their dentitions with alginate to create a plaster model and with PVS impression material to create a digital model by laser scanning. Three examiners made the plaster model measurements with digital calipers and repeated these measurements on the digital models made from the scanned PVS impressions. A total of 34 distances were evaluated. Paired t tests were used to evaluate intraexaminer error and the accuracy of the digital model measurements. Measurement reproducibility and reliability among examiners were tested. Results Although statistically significant differences between measurements on plaster and digital models were found, these discrepancies were not clinically significant except for overbite. Both plaster and digital models had high intraclass correlation coefficient values. Conclusions Digital models acquired by laser scanning of 2 types of soft putty PVS material may be used with clinically acceptable accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility, even at a postscanning interval of 15 days.
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