Sequential morphometric evaluation at UnicCa® and DCD® implant surfaces. An experimental study in the dog

Abstract

Aim

To study tissue components adjacent to implants with nanotechnologically modified surfaces at different periods of healing.

Material & methods

In 12 beagle dogs, two different implant systems with different surface configurations were randomly installed in the edentulous premolar regions of the mandible.

One surface was first acid-etched and subsequently, nanotechnologically modified with calcium ions (UnicCa^®), while the other was first sandblasted and acid-etched, and then additionally treated with a nanometer calcium phosphate deposition (discrete crystalline deposition; DCD^®). The implants were fully submerged; surgeries and sacrifices were planned to harvest biopsies after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of healing (n = 6 per period).

A morphometric evaluation of percentages of new and old bone, bone debris/particles and clot, new soft tissues (provisional matrix and immature marrow), mature bone marrow and vessels was performed in the spongiosa compartment adjacent to the implant surface up to a distance of about 0.4 mm from the surface.

Results

After 2 weeks of healing, the soft tissues were represented by 41.0% at the UnicCa^® and 37.9% at the DCD^® surfaces, in both cases mainly being composed of provisional matrix. These percentages decreased over time, being composed of greater amounts of immature bone marrow, and disappeared after 8 weeks. New bone increased progressively between 1 and 8 weeks of healing from 9.7 ± 6.3% to 70.0 ± 8.4% and from 8.2 ± 3.5% to 67.0 ± 6.1% at the UnicCa^® and DCD^® surfaces, respectively. Pristine bone was progressively resorbed.

Conclusions

Throughout the periods of healing observed, the formation of a provisional matrix followed by the formation of new bone and marrow was revealed in a similar fashion as for other modified surface configurations.

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