Semi-quantifiable angiogenesis parameters in association with the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia

Abstract

Background

Aim of the study was to assess the role of angiogenesis in the process of malignant transformation of clinical diagnosed oral leukoplakia (OL).

Materials and Methods

131 histological preparations (oral leukoplakia/hyperkeratosis without dysplasia (OL; n=49), oral leukoplakia/hyperkeratosis with mild dysplasia (OL-SIN1; n=33), with moderate dysplasia (OL-SIN2; n=13) and leukoplakia-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma (OL-OSCC; n=36)) were evaluated for microvessel density (MVD), vessel diameter as well as for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) expression. Data were compared within the groups.

Results

For MVD, there were significant differences between OL and OL-SIN 2/OL-OSCC (P < 0.05) and between OL-SIN 1 and OL-OSCC (P < 0.05). For OL-OSCC, vessel diameters were significantly increased compared to OL (P < 0.05). Expression of VEGF-A increased significantly gradually from OL-SIN 1 to OSCC (each P < 0.05). This was especially evident for lesions of the tongue when compared to the others.

Conclusion

Angiogenesis increases during the transition from OL through dysplasia to OL-OSCC. Especially in OL-OSCCs of the tongue, VEGF-A-expression may be used for estimation of malignant progression of OL.

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