A Gene Regulatory Network Balances Neural and Mesoderm Specification during Vertebrate Trunk Development

Publication date: Available online 27 April 2017
Source:Developmental Cell
Author(s): Mina Gouti, Julien Delile, Despina Stamataki, Filip J. Wymeersch, Yali Huang, Jens Kleinjung, Valerie Wilson, James Briscoe
Transcriptional networks, regulated by extracellular signals, control cell fate decisions and determine the size and composition of developing tissues. One example is the network controlling bipotent neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) that fuel embryo elongation by generating spinal cord and trunk mesoderm tissue. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics to identify the molecular signature of NMPs and reverse engineer the mechanism that regulates their differentiation. Together with genetic perturbations, this reveals a transcriptional network that integrates opposing retinoic acid (RA) and Wnt signals to determine the rate at which cells enter and exit the NMP state. RA, produced by newly generated mesodermal cells, provides feedback that initiates NMP generation and induces neural differentiation, thereby coordinating the production of neural and mesodermal tissue. Together, the data define a regulatory network architecture that balances the generation of different cell types from bipotential progenitors in order to facilitate orderly axis elongation.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) generate cells of the spinal cord and somites. Gouti et al. demonstrate that in vitro NMPs resemble in vivo counterparts at the single-cell level and define a regulatory network that balances the generation of neural and mesodermal tissue to facilitate orderly extension of the embryonic axis.


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