Gut Microbiome Function Predicts Response to Anti-integrin Biologic Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Publication date: 10 May 2017
Source:Cell Host & Microbe, Volume 21, Issue 5
Author(s): Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Chengwei Luo, Vijay Yajnik, Hamed Khalili, John J. Garber, Betsy W. Stevens, Thomas Cleland, Ramnik J. Xavier
The gut microbiome plays a central role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) pathogenesis and propagation. To determine whether the gut microbiome may predict responses to IBD therapy, we conducted a prospective study with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) patients initiating anti-integrin therapy (vedolizumab). Disease activity and stool metagenomes at baseline, and weeks 14, 30, and 54 after therapy initiation were assessed. Community α-diversity was significantly higher, and Roseburia inulinivorans and a Burkholderiales species were more abundant at baseline among CD patients achieving week 14 remission. Several significant associations were identified with microbial function; 13 pathways including branched chain amino acid synthesis were significantly enriched in baseline samples from CD patients achieving remission. A neural network algorithm, vedoNet, incorporating microbiome and clinical data, provided highest classifying power for clinical remission. We hypothesize that the trajectory of early microbiome changes may be a marker of response to IBD treatment.

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Teaser

Gut microbiome may predict responses to clinical therapy. Ananthakrishnan et al. conducted a prospective study with IBD patients initiating anti-integrin therapy. Higher abundance of butyrate producers and enrichment of 13 microbial pathways at baseline in therapy-responsive CD patients was observed. Early microbial changes persist up to 1 year in responders.


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