Publication date: Available online 7 April 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): C. Moulin, I. Barthélémy, C. Emering, M. D'Incan
IntroductionUne dermo-hypodermite inflammatoire au décours d'un traumatisme direct évoque en premier lieu une infection. Deux diagnostics différentiels sont importants : le syndrome de Morel-Lavallée et la cytostéatonécrose.ObservationsCas 1 : à la suite d'une chute à moto, une femme de 51 ans avait des abrasions dermiques en regard de la crête tibiale droite, évoluant rapidement vers une hypodermite inflammatoire persistant malgré une antibiothérapie. À la face interne du genou gauche, elle avait une tuméfaction non inflammatoire fluctuante. L'échographie montrait des collections sous-cutanées bilatérales. Le diagnostic de syndrome de Morel-Lavallée était confirmé par le chirurgien, qui réalisait un drainage des deux collections. L'évolution était rapidement favorable. Cas 2 : à la suite d'une glissade dans des escaliers, une femme de 40 ans présentait des abrasions dermiques de la jambe gauche et des hématomes. Une hypodermite de jambe apparaissait et progressait malgré une antibiothérapie. Un examen tomodensitométrique (TDM) étant en faveur d'une cytostéatonécrose, un débridement chirurgical était entrepris. Les prélèvements bactériologiques peropératoires étaient stériles. L'évolution était rapidement favorable.DiscussionCes observations montrent deux complications cutanées post-traumatiques, le syndrome de Morel-Lavallée et la cytostéatonécrose. Le syndrome de Morel-Lavallée correspond à une collection séro-hématique survenant à la suite d'un traumatisme tangentiel en regard d'un tissu richement vascularisé. La cytostéatonécrose est une nécrose adipocytaire. Dans les deux cas, le diagnostic est confirmé par l'imagerie. Surtout, nos observations montrent que la présentation sur un mode inflammatoire de ces deux complications conduit à des errements diagnostiques et thérapeutiques alors qu'un geste chirurgical s'impose, car des nécroses tégumentaires extensives peuvent survenir.BackgroundDermal and subcutaneous inflammation following direct trauma is initially evocative of soft-tissue infection. However, two differential diagnoses must be considered: Morel-Lavallée syndrome and post-traumatic nodular fat necrosis.Patients and methodsCase 1: a 51-year-old woman fell off her motorbike and had dermabrasions on her right and left tibial ridges that rapidly developed into dermo-hypodermitis of the entire limb. There was no improvement after 3 weeks of antibiotics. The patient was apyretic. She had a soft, non-inflammatory tumefaction on the inner aspect of her left knee. Ultrasound revealed subcutaneous collection in both legs. The surgeons confirmed a diagnosis of Morel-Lavallée syndrome and drained the two collections. Progress was good and the patient healed without major consequences. Case 2: following a fall on her stairs, a 40-year-old woman presented dermabrasions and haematomas on her left leg. Antibiotic therapy failed to prevent the progression of dermo-hypodermitis. The patient remained apyretic and there was no inflammatory syndrome. A CT scan showed thickening of a subcutaneous fat and fluid collection, resulting in diagnosis of post-traumatic nodular fat necrosis. Management was surgical and the outcome was good.DiscussionThese two cases show two post-traumatic cutaneous complications: Morel-Lavallée syndrome and post-traumatic nodular fat necrosis. Morel-Lavallée syndrome occurs after tangential trauma next to richly vascularized tissue. Post-traumatic nodular fat necrosis is defined as necrosis of adipocytes. In both cases, diagnosis is confirmed by imagery (Ultrasonography, tomography).ConclusionOur two case reports show that inflammatory presentation of both Morel-Lavallée syndrome and post-traumatic nodular fat necrosis can lead to diagnostic and therapeutic errors while a surgical procedure is necessary since tissue necrosis can occur.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Παρασκευή 12 Μαΐου 2017
Syndrome de Morel-Lavallée et cytostéatonécrose : deux complications post-traumatiques simulant une dermo-hypodermite infectieuse
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