The length of patient and primary care time interval in the pathways to treatment in symptomatic oral cancer. A quantitative systematic review

Abstract

Background: Only a 5% improvement in overall survival to oral cancer has been achieved in the last 20 years. Almost half of all oral carcinomas are diagnosed at advanced stages essentially due to delay in the diagnosis. Objective of the review: to examine the relative length of the patient and primary care intervals in symptomatic oral cancer. Type of review: Quantitative systematic review. Search strategy: ((oral cancer OR oral squamous cell carcinoma OR oropharyngeal cancer) AND (time interval OR diagnostic delay)). Evaluation method: we computed 5 measures (patient, primary care, diagnosis, total diagnosis, and total treatment intervals). Most studies did not provide any dispersion measure. We then used the sample size of each study to compute a weighted average of the mean intervals. When the median was provided, we assumed normality of the distribution of the means and used the median as a proxy of the mean. Results: A total of 1,089 articles were identified and 22 met the inclusion criteria, reporting on 2710 patients from Europe, USA, India, Australia, Japan, Argentina, and Iran. The weighted average of patient interval was 80.3 days. Primary care interval was five times shorter: 15.8 days. The diagnostic interval was appreciably shorter (47.9 days) when compared with the patient interval during symptomatic period. Conclusions: Patient interval represents the major component of waiting times since the detection of the first signs/symptoms to the definitive diagnosis of oral cancer. Thus, strategies focused on high-risk patients should be prioritised. Interventions aimed at optimising the health systems should be implemented by monitoring and facilitating diagnostic and treatment pathways of oral cancer patients.

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