Publication date: Available online 13 September 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): R. Haber, B. Baroudjian, M. Battistella, M. Bagot, A. Petit
IntroductionLe méthotrexate (MTX) est un antimétabolite utilisé dans le traitement de certains cancers, de maladies auto-immunes et, très couramment en dermatologie, du psoriasis cutané ou articulaire. Les toxicités secondaires à un surdosage en MTX sont essentiellement cutanée, hépatique et hématologique. Nous avons observé un patient chez qui un surdosage en MTX s'est manifesté par une poussée inflammatoire érosive de plaques de psoriasis préexistantes et l'apparition de nouvelles lésions sur les paumes.ObservationUn homme de 51 ans, atteint depuis 6 ans d'un psoriasis en plaques résistant aux dermocorticoïdes, recevait pour la première fois un traitement de MTX prescrit à la dose de 20mg par semaine. Une semaine après avoir commencé le traitement, il se présentait pour fièvre, altération de l'état général et ulcérations cutanéo-muqueuses. L'examen montrait un érythème inflammatoire en partie érosif, suintant et croûteux, confiné sur les plaques anciennes de psoriasis et associé à des lésions palmaires kératosiques évocatrices de psoriasis. Un surdosage était soupçonné et l'interrogatoire confirmait que le MTX avait été pris à la dose de 20mg par jour. Le bilan paraclinique montrait une neutropénie à 1040/mm3. La biopsie cutanée était en faveur d'une toxicité du méthotrexate avec des dystrophies kératinocytaires. Les symptômes cliniques et biologiques s'amélioraient après arrêt du MTX et traitement par acide folinique, hydratation intraveineuse et alcalinisation des urines.DiscussionLa toxicité cutanéo-muqueuse liée au surdosage en MTX est rare, mais peut être prédictive d'une pancytopénie plus tardive. L'identification de ses manifestations cutanées est donc importante pour une prise en charge précoce et efficace. En particulier, la focalisation des manifestations toxiques sur les lésions préexistantes ou l'apparition de novo de pustules palmoplantaires ne doivent pas faire conclure à tort à une aggravation du psoriasis.BackgroundMethotrexate (MTX) is an antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases and frequently in dermatology for cutaneous and/or arthritic psoriasis. Toxicities due to MTX overdosage are mainly cutaneous, hepatic and hematologic. Herein, we report a case of MTX overdosage presenting as an erosive and an inflammatory flare of preexisting psoriatic plaques and with new palmar lesions.Patients and methodsA 51-year-old male with a 6-year history of plaque psoriasis resistant to topical corticosteroids was started for the first time on MTX 20mg weekly. One week later, he presented with fever, general weakness and mucocutaneous ulcerations. Physical examination revealed inflammatory, erythematous and partially erosive annular plaques strictly confined to preexisting psoriatic lesions, along with keratotic psoriatic palmar plaques. Further questioning indicated that the patient was taking MTX 20mg daily. Investigations revealed neutropenia (1040/mm3) and skin histology showed prominent dystrophic keratinocytes and confirmed the diagnosis of methotrexate toxicity. Clinical and biological improvements were observed after cessation of MTX and treatment with folinic acid, IV hydration and urine alkalization.DiscussionSkin lesions due to acute MTX toxicity are rare, but they herald later-onset pancytopenia. Identification of these cutaneous lesions might enable earlier treatment initiation. The predilection of MTX toxicity for preexisting lesions or the de novo appearance of palmoplantar pustules should not lead to the erroneous diagnosis of psoriasis flare.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Πέμπτη 14 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017
Aggravation apparente d’un psoriasis révélant un surdosage en méthotrexate
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- Acid–base safety during the course of a very low-c...
- Editorial.
- Management of Type I and Type II laryngeal clefts:...
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- Editorial.
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- Susceptibility to Dengue Virus and Genetic Polymor...
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- Epidemiology and outcomes of nasopharyngeal carcin...
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- Testicular metastasis in Wilms' tumor
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