Flap repair of complex pilonidal sinus: a single institution experience

Abstract

Background

Healing of pilonidal cysts after initial excision remains a vexing problem for surgeons. While simple sinus can be managed with success, recurrence of the cyst after primary excision or sizeable sinus often requires a more complex repair; however, the morbidity and ultimate success of these procedures are unknown.

Methods

A retrospective review from 2009 to 2014 of all consecutive patients undergoing surgical intervention for pilonidal cyst disease from a single institution was performed. Management of pilonidal disease after excision with flap coverage was examined. Patient demographics, co-morbidities, procedural data, and post-operative outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Twenty-one flap patients were identified. These included 15 V-Y fasciocutaneous repairs, 5 rotational flaps, and 1 Romberg flap closure. Mean BMI was 32, mean defect size was 8 cm, and the patients have had an average of 1.05 attempts prior to the excision and flap repair. The flap group demonstrated 14% recurrence rate, 33% reoperation rate, and 47% dehiscence rate. Mean time to healing was 36.4 days.

Conclusions

Flap repairs for complex pilonidal cysts have high rates of recurrence, reoperation, and wound dehiscence. However, flap patients represent a more challenging repair with long operative times, blood loss, and large sinus size. Absence of the perfect approach to managing a complex sinus necessitates a thorough description of the problem and a discussion between the surgeon and the patient about the merits of each approach before a decision is made.

Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.

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