Publication date: September 2017
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, Volume 34, Issue 7
Author(s): M. Penhouët, A. Delbove, I. Danner Boucher, C. Garandeau, A. Magnan, F.X. Blanc
Mme D, 56 ans, est hospitalisée 14 mois après sa transplantation pulmonaire sur emphysème pour baisse du VEMS>10 %, altération de l'état général, douleur abdominale et confusion. Ses antécédents sont marqués par des diarrhées post-colite à CMV avec dénutrition sévère et une insuffisance rénale chronique (créatinine 190μmol/L). L'auscultation pulmonaire à l'entrée est normale. La biologie trouve une hypercalcémie corrigée à 3,38mmol/L et une insuffisance rénale aiguë (créatinine 230μmol/L). La radiographie thoracique objective un foyer alvéolaire basal droit, motivant un traitement initial par amoxicilline – acide clavulanique. Le lavage bronchoalvéolaire trouve uniquement de nombreux kystes de Pneumocystis jirovecii. L'hypercalcémie est traitée de façon partiellement efficace par hyperhydratation, bisphophonates et arrêt des traitements hypercalcémiants. La PTH est effondrée (7,2pg/mL), la 25-OH vitamine D normale (56ng/mL) et l'électrophorèse des protéines sériques normale. Le TEP-scan ne trouve aucune hyperfixation pouvant expliquer l'hypercalcémie. Après l'introduction d'atovaquone à visée anti-pneumocystose, l'hypercalcémie s'améliore puis se normalise en deux semaines. L'absence d'alternative diagnostique et la normalisation de la calcémie sous traitement nous ont fait porter le diagnostic d'hypercalcémie secondaire à la pneumocystose, premier cas rapporté à notre connaissance chez un patient transplanté pulmonaire.La pneumocystose est l'une des principales causes infectieuses de morbi-mortalité chez les patients transplantés. La période la plus à risque se situe dans les 6 premiers mois post-transplantation, mais des cas sont décrits plus de 10 ans après, motivant une prophylaxie à vie. Toute hypercalcémie chez un patient transplanté doit faire réaliser un bilan exhaustif pour éliminer des causes malignes ou infectieuses. Des cas d'hypercalcémies secondaires à la pneumocystose sont décrits chez les transplantés rénaux [1], mais actuellement aucun chez le transplanté pulmonaire. La physiopathologie serait liée au développement d'une granulomatose avec production endogène de 1-25 OH vitamine D3 par les macrophages activés. Le traitement anti-infectieux permet une normalisation du processus inflammatoire et de la calcémie.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
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00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Τετάρτη 13 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017
Hypercalcémie réfractaire révélatrice d’une pneumocystose chez une patiente transplantée bi-pulmonaire
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