Publication date: September 2017
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, Volume 34, Issue 7
Author(s): B. Martignac, L. du Couedic, C. Marty
Un patient de 26 ans, sans antécédent notable, scaphandrier en cours de formation professionnelle, consulte aux urgences pour crachats hémoptoïques récidivants. Il a présenté un tableau de bronchite quelques semaines auparavant. Sa consommation en tabac est évaluée à 8 cigarettes par jour depuis l'âge de 16 ans. Il consomme du cannabis occasionnellement. L'angioscanner thoracique ne retrouve pas d'embolie pulmonaire mais l'analyse parenchymateuse met en évidence des plages en verre dépoli au niveau lingulaire et lobaire inférieur gauche, évocatrices d'hémorragie intra-alvéolaire (HIA) (Fig. 1). La fibroscopie bronchique objective la présence de sang au niveau de l'arbre bronchique gauche. Le lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA) confirme l'HIA. Les prélèvements bactériologiques sont négatifs.Concernant le bilan étiologique, un barotraumatisme est exclu, la dernière plongée datant de plus d'un mois. Il n'y a pas d'altération de l'état général ou de signes extrapulmonaires. La biologie standard est normale. La protéinurie des 24h est positive. Un bilan immunologique complet permet de mettre en évidence une positivité des anticorps anti-membrane basale glomérulaire (MBG). Les ANCA, anticorps antinucléaires, C3 et C4 sont négatifs. Un syndrome de Goodpasture à forme pulmonaire initiale est évoqué. La ponction biopsie rénale confirme le diagnostic malgré une fonction rénale conservée.Le syndrome de Goodpasture est une maladie rare (1 cas/million d'habitant par an) due à un désordre auto-immun [1]. Les syndromes de Goodpasture sont précipités par l'exposition aux toxiques inhalés, ou à des infections virales [2]. Le syndrome pneumo-rénal est présent dans 80 % des cas [3]. L'hémoptysie est le symptôme inaugural le plus fréquent avec présence d'une HIA au LBA [4]. L'atteinte rénale se manifeste par un tableau de glomérulonéphrite rapidement progressive avec hématurie, protéinurie et/ou une insuffisance rénale d'aggravation rapide. Le diagnostic repose sur la présence d'anticorps anti-MBG, confirmée par la ponction biopsie rénale révélant une glomérulonéphrite extra-membranaire nécrosante avec des dépôts linéaires d'immunoglobulines caractéristiques le long des membranes basales glomérulaires. Le pronostic sous traitement s'est amélioré avec une mortalité à un an inférieure à 30 %. Le traitement spécifique repose sur une corticothérapie, un traitement immunosuppresseur et les échanges plasmatiques. Il peut être nécessaire de recourir à des séances d'épuration extrarénale.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
Κρήτη 72100
00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Τετάρτη 13 Σεπτεμβρίου 2017
Une cause rare d’hémorragie intra-alvéolaire
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