Cortical β-Amyloid Burden, Gray Matter, and Memory in Adults at Varying APOE ε4 Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Publication date: Available online 6 October 2017
Source:Neurobiology of Aging
Author(s): Adam P. Mecca, Nicole M. Barcelos, Shuo Wang, Anna Brück, Nabeel Nabulsi, Beata Planeta-Wilson, Jennifer Nadelmann, Amanda L. Benincasa, Jim Ropchan, Yiyun Huang, Joel Gelernter, Peter H. Van Ness, Richard E. Carson, Christopher H. van Dyck
Models of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) propose that cerebral amyloidosis leads to neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive decline. This study investigated whether APOE genotype is related to β-amyloid (Aβ) burden in brain regions preferentially affected by AD and whether Aβ burden is associated with gray matter fraction (as a marker of neurodegeneration) and episodic memory performance in cognitively normal middle-aged individuals at varying genetic risk for AD. Three groups of cognitively normal participants aged 50-65 with a first-degree family history of AD [APOE genotype ε4ε4 (n=15), ε3ε4 (n=15), and ε3ε3 (n=15)], underwent [¹¹C]PiB PET scans to quantify cortical Aβ, brain MRI and neuropsychological testing. APOE ε4ε4 participants demonstrated significantly higher cortical Aβ burden than APOE ε3ε3 (p<0.001). Furthermore, cortical Aβ burden was inversely associated with cortical gray matter fraction (p=0.017), but not episodic memory performance. In cognitively normal, middle-aged individuals, Aβ burden is significantly associated with gray matter fraction but not episodic memory performance. These findings are consistent with models of preclinical AD in which neurodegeneration occurs before manifest cognitive decline.



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