Publication date: Available online 7 November 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): N. Kluger, D. Douvin, F. Dupuis-Fourdan, J.-M. Doumecq-Lacoste, V. Descamps
IntroductionLe nombre croissant de cas de kératoacanthomes (KA) solitaires ou multiples, ou de carcinomes épidermoïdes (CE), sur des parties rouges de tatouages, tend à suggérer un lien non fortuit avec le tatouage. Nous rapportons ici deux présentations différentes : une forme de KA multiples éruptifs sur les zones rouges et photo-exposées d'un tatouage récent et une forme de lésion isolée typique sur les tracés d'un tatouage récent. Nous discutons les problèmes liés à la distinction entre KA et CE dans ce contexte particulier.ObservationsCas no 1 : un homme de 55 ans avec de nombreux tatouages présentait de multiples lésions kératosiques verruqueuses restreintes à un tatouage rouge. Celui-ci avait été réalisé par un tatoueur professionnel durant l'été 2016, la semaine précédant les symptômes. Une partie du tatouage était restée exposée au soleil et les lésions étaient strictement localisées aux tracés photo-exposés. En janvier 2017, le patient consultait avec une dizaine de lésions. L'analyse histologique d'une lésion prélevée par shaving était en faveur d'un CE à type de KA. L'examen clinique était sans particularité. Il n'avait aucun antécédent de cancer cutané. Deux semaines plus tard, une partie des lésions avait régressé. Sur la base de l'histoire clinique et des aspects histologiques, le diagnostic de KA éruptifs était finalement posé. Les lésions résiduelles étaient traitées par cryothérapie ou par exérèse. Cas no 2 : une femme de 72 ans présentait, trois semaines après un tatouage de l'avant-bras gauche, une lésion nodulaire douloureuse de 1cm avec un cratère central. L'exérèse complète confirmait le diagnostic de KA.DiscussionÀ ce jour, 31 cas (17 hommes, âge médian 50,5 ans) de KA ou de CE sur tatouage ont été rapportés. Les lésions se développent le plus souvent rapidement, une semaine à quelques mois après le tatouage. Les cas survenus sur de « vieux » tatouages sont exceptionnels. La couleur rouge est le plus souvent concernée. La principale difficulté porte sur la distinction entre KA et CE. Actuellement, les pathologistes s'accordent à considérer le KA comme une variante de CE. Cependant, les formes éruptives de KA constituent une situation particulière. Elles peuvent avoir une cause génétique, et des KA associés à des traumatismes physiques ou des traitements médicaux ont été décrits. Comme d'autres auteurs, nous pensons que les CE sur tatouage rouge appartiennent plus au spectre du KA. La physiopathogénie des KA éruptifs sur tatouage est probablement multifactorielle, impliquant : le traumatisme induit par les aiguilles ; le processus inflammatoire et de cicatrisation ; un composant de l'encre rouge ; des facteurs environnementaux comme l'exposition aux UV durant la cicatrisation et une prédisposition personnelle. La survenue de KA solitaires ou éruptifs sur des tatouages récents est une complication non fortuite. Ces lésions doivent cependant être excisées et un suivi instauré. Des analyses toxicologiques sur des spécimens tumoraux sont nécessaires pour identifier la ou les molécules responsables de ces réactions au sein des encres.BackgroundIncreasing numbers of reports of rapidly arising, isolated or eruptive keratoacanthomas (KA) and squamous cell carcinomas (CSC) on the red part of tattoos tend to suggest a non-fortuitous link with the procedure. We report herein two different presentations of KAs on tattoos: one patient with multiple eruptive KAs on sun-exposed areas of a recent red tattoo and another with a solitary lesion on a recent tattoo. We discuss the issues related to the distinction between KAs and CSCs in this particular context.Patients and methodsCase No. 1: A 55-year-old heavily tattooed man presented multiple round keratotic verrucous-like lesions restricted to a red tattoo. The tattoo had been performed by a professional tattooist in summer 2016, a week before the onset of the symptoms. The patient did not protect a part of his tattoo from sun-exposure during the healing phase and lesions developed only on the sun-exposed tattooed parts. In January 2017, he consulted with about ten lesions. The histologic study by shaving of a lesion militated in favor of a CSC, KA type. The physical examination was unremarkable. He had no previous history of skin cancer. Two weeks later, most of the lesions regressed spontaneously. Based on the clinical history and progression of the lesions, a diagnosis was made of eruptive KA on a red tattoo. Residual lesions were treated by cryotherapy or excision. Case No. 2: A 72-year-old woman developed a 1-cm painful dome-shaped nodule with a central crust three weeks after tattooing. Full excision confirmed the diagnosis of KA.DiscussionTo date, we have found 31 case reports and series (17 men, median age: 50.5 years) of KA and CSC on tattoos. Lesions usually develop rapidly after completion of the tattoo, after between one week and several months. Exceptional cases have been described in old tattoos. Red tattoo ink is most commonly the culprit. The main difficulty lies in distinguishing between KA and CSC. Nowadays pathologists agree that a KA should be considered as a variant of CSC. Eruptive forms of KA present a peculiar situation. They may sometimes be inherited, and KA on recent traumatized areas or drug-induced have been described. Like other authors, we believe that cases of CSC on red tattoos belong rather to the KA type. The physiopathogenesis of tattoo-associated eruptive KA and CSC is not clearly understood, but could be multifactorial, involving: the trauma induced by tattooing, local inflammatory reaction, a component of the red ink, external factors such UV exposure, and a possible genetic predisposition. Rapidly arising KA and eruptive KA on top of recent (red) tattoos are not fortuitous. The lesions should be excised and the patient monitored. Additional studies on tumor specimens are warranted to identify the possible causative agents in tattoo ink that may be responsible for such reactions.
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Σφακιανάκης Αλέξανδρος
ΩτοΡινοΛαρυγγολόγος
Αναπαύσεως 5 Άγιος Νικόλαος
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00302841026182
00306932607174
alsfakia@gmail.com
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Kératoacanthomes sur tatouages récents : deux cas
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