Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes Abrogates Ethnic Disparities in Key Glucoregulatory Indices.

Parental History of Type 2 Diabetes Abrogates Ethnic Disparities in Key Glucoregulatory Indices.

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Dec 04;:

Authors: Nyenwe E, Owei I, Wan J, Dagogo-Jack S

Abstract
Background: There are ethnic differences in glucoregulation and prevalence of type 2 diabetes but studies on the role of genetics in modifying ethnic effects in normoglycemic African-Americans and Caucasians are limited. Therefore, we investigated glucoregulation in normoglycemic African-Americans and Caucasians with or without parental diabetes.
Design and Methods: Fifty subjects with parental diabetes (from the POP-ABC cohort) and 50 subjects without parental diabetes were matched in age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI. Subjects underwent a 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), physical examination, anthropometry, biochemistries, indirect calorimetry and assessment of body composition, insulin sensitivity by euglycemic clamp, and β-cell function by disposition index.
Results: The mean age was 40.5±11.6 years, BMI- 28.7±5.9 kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose-90.2±5.9 mg/dl and 2-hour postglucose-120.0±26.8 mg/dl. Offspring with parental diabetes showed higher glycemic excursion during OGTT-area under the curve-glucose (16,005.6±2,324.7 vs 14,973.8±1,819.9, P<0.005), lower insulin sensitivity (Si-clamp)-[0.132±0.068 vs 0.162±0.081 µmol/kgFFM/min/pmol/L, P<0.05] and lower disposition index-(8.74±5.72 vs 11.83±7.49, P<0.05). Compared to lean subjects without parental diabetes, β-cell function was lower by ∼30% in lean subjects with parental diabetes, ∼40% in obese subjects without parental diabetes and ∼50% in obese individuals with parental diabetes (P<0.0001). African-Americans without parental diabetes had ∼40% lower insulin sensitivity-(P<0.001), 2-fold higher acute insulin secretion-(P<0.001) but ∼30% lower disposition index-(P<0.01) compared to Caucasians without parental diabetes. Remarkably, there were no significant differences by ethnicity in these glucoregulatory measures among subjects with parental diabetes.
Conclusion: Offspring with parental diabetes harbor significant impairments in glucoregulation compared with individuals without parental diabetes. Ethnic disparities in glucoregulation was abrogated by parental diabetes.

PMID: 29216357 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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