Publication date: Available online 28 December 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): S. Quenan, E. Laffitte
Le pityriasis rubra pilaire est une dermatose hétérogène rare qui associe trois éléments sémiologiques à divers degrés : une papule cornée folliculaire, une kératodermie palmoplantaire orangée et des lésions érythématosquameuses parfois très étendues, avec des intervalles de peau saine. L'origine est peu claire, avec dans la majorité des cas des facteurs déclenchants traumatiques ou infectieux, probablement sur un terrain prédisposé. Dans d'autres cas, on retrouve une association à des désordres immunologiques ou bien dans des cas familiaux des anomalies génétiques de la kératinisation proches d'une ichtyose. Devant la grande variabilité sémiologique, plusieurs classifications ont été proposées, sur des critères cliniques et évolutifs. L'évolution est variable en fonction des formes cliniques. La prise en charge thérapeutique est mal codifiée et il n'y a pas d'essai thérapeutique disponible du fait de la rareté de la maladie. Les meilleurs résultats semblent cependant être obtenus avec les rétinoïdes oraux, avec en seconde ligne le méthotrexate et la ciclosporine. Les nouveaux inhibiteurs du tumor necrosis factor et les anti-interleukines 12/23 semblent changer la stratégie thérapeutique.Pityriasis rubra pilaris is a rare heterogeneous dermatosis associating three clinical signs to different degrees: follicular corneal papules, reddish-orange palmoplantar keratoderma and erythematosquamous lesions that may in some cases be very extensive, interspersed with patches of healthy skin. The aetiology is unclear, and in most cases, the trigger factors consist of trauma or infection, probably in subjects with an existing predisposition. In other cases, the condition is associated with immunological disorders or, in familial cases, genetic keratinisation abnormalities similar to ichthyosis. Given the widely varying signs, several classifications have been proposed, based on clinical criteria and outcomes. The outcome varies in accordance with the clinical forms involved. Therapeutic approaches are poorly qualified and there have been no clinical trials due to the rarity of the disease. However, the best results appear to have been obtained using oral retinoids, with second-line therapy comprising methotrexate and cyclosporine. The landscape of therapeutic strategy seems to be changing with the advent of new anti-tumour necrosis factor and anti-interleukin-12/23 antibodies.
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