Coarse particle (PM10–2.5) source profiles for emissions from domestic cooking and industrial process in Central India

Publication date: 15 June 2018
Source:Science of The Total Environment, Volume 627
Author(s): Shahina Bano, Shamsh Pervez, Judith C. Chow, Jeevan Lal Matawle, John G. Watson, Rakesh Kumar Sahu, Anjali Srivastava, Suresh Tiwari, Yasmeen Fatima Pervez, Manas Kanti Deb
To develop coarse particle (PM10–2.5, 2.5 to 10μm) chemical source profiles, real-world source sampling from four domestic cooking and seven industrial processing facilities were carried out in "Raipur-Bhilai" of Central India. Collected samples were analysed for 32 chemical species including 21 elements (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, S, Sb, Se, V, and Zn) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 8 water-soluble ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cl⁻, F⁻, NO3⁻, and SO4²⁻) by ion chromatography, ammonium (NH4⁺) by spectrophotometry, and carbonaceous fractions (OC and EC) by thermal/optical transmittance. The carbonaceous fractions were most abundant fraction in household fuel and municipal solid waste combustion emissions while elemental species were more abundant in industrial emissions. Most of the elemental species were enriched in PM2.5 (<2.5μm) size fraction as compared to the PM10–2.5 fraction. Abundant Ca (13–28%) was found in steel-rolling mill (SRM) and cement production industry (CPI) emissions, with abundant Fe (14–32%) in ferro-manganese (FEMNI), steel production industry (SPI), and electric-arc welding emissions. High coefficients of divergence (COD) values (0.46 to 0.88) among the profiles indicate their differences. These region-specific source profiles are more relevant to source apportionment studies in India than profiles measured elsewhere.

Graphical abstract

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