Publication date: Available online 9 February 2018
Source:Revue des Maladies Respiratoires
Author(s): U.D. Kombila, W. Ka, F.B.R. Mbaye, N.F. Diouf, L. Fall, P. Ouedraogo, A.N.E. Koutonin, Y. Dia Kane, N. Oumar Toure Badiane
IntroductionLe syndrome d'hypersensibilité médicamenteuse ou Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) est une toxidermie rare mais sévère pouvant mettre en jeu le pronostic vital.ObservationNous rapportons une observation d'un patient âgé de 35 ans traité pour un premier épisode de tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive à base de RHEZ ayant développé un DRESS syndrome induit par le pyrazinamide vingt jours après le début du traitement. Il avait une éruption cutanée, une atteinte hépatique et une hyperéosinophilie sanguine, une réactivation virale à Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6). L'éviction du pyrazinamide, les dermocorticoïdes et la corticothérapie générale ont constitué l'essentiel de la prise en charge. L'évolution a été marquée par le décès du patient à domicile deux semaines après sa sortie de l'hôpital.ConclusionL'apparition d'un DRESS syndrome au cours du traitement antituberculeux demeure une complication rare. Elle impose une démarche étiologique rigoureuse à la recherche du médicament responsable où les schémas thérapeutiques antibacillaires de premières lignes sont souvent limités. Ceci peut être rendu difficile par l'emploi fréquent de traitements combinés. Le praticien doit avoir à l'esprit le rôle potentiel du pyrazinamide.IntroductionThe Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS) is a severe drug-induced reaction.Case reportWe report the case of a 35-year-old man treated by RHEZ for a first episode of a smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and who developed a DRESS syndrome due to pyrazinamide after twenty days of treatment, associated with a viral reactivation to Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHV6). He had a skin eruption, liver involvement and hypereosinophilia. He fully recovered after drug withdrawal, associated with local and general corticosteroids. He died two weeks after discharge.ConclusionsDiscovery of DRESS syndrome during tuberculosis treatment is an uncommon complication and requires a searching for the responsible drug. That should be difficult because tuberculosis drugs are often given as fixed-dose combination. Physicians have to bear in mind the potential role of pyrazinamide.
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